338 Chapter9 Attitudes,Emotions,andWork BOX 9.THE WORST 10BS IN SPORTS There are good jobs and bad jobs.Lists of the best" 1.100-pound animal There is also the constant and "worst"jobs are frequently published in the threat of being kicked or bitten.These tasks are per. popular press.USA Today published a list of the 10 formed for the princely sum of $400 per week.The worst jobs in sports-that list included a rodeo pluses for the job indude the fact that it involves bullfighter,a urine specimen collector.and a box. few interruptions from e-mails or cell phones.An ing sparring partner (Pedulla.2005).But the worst excellent TV show depicted some of the worst jobs job of all was that of a horse-racing groom-an imaginable.It is called Dirty Jobs,and it appeared individual who tends to the needs of horses.The on the Discovery Channel from 2005 to 2012. duties included feeding and bathing the horse. Repeat episodes of this show can still be seen on removing dirt from the hooves of the horse.and.of TV.and they can be viewed on the web with a course,shoveling the manure deposited by the search on"Dirty lobs." In addition to looking at aspects of workers as precursors of satisfaction,investigators have also examined demographic variables such as age (Farr Ringseis,2002).gender (Konrad.Ritchie,Lieb,Corrigal,2000),and even inherited genetic disposition (Arvey. Bouchard.Segal,Abraham.1989:Lykken,McGue,Tellegen.Bouchard,1992).We will examine some data on inherited disposition in Module 9.2.Unfortunately,without a com- prehensive and cohesive theory of job satisfaction to explain the findings of individual studies,this type of data-driven research is not particularly helpful. Just as there has been wide variation in the investigation of the precursors of job satisfac. tion,there has also been wide variation in the variables examined as possible consequences of job satisfaction.It is generally assumed that job satisfaction is associated with work behavior(Fisher,2003).There seems to be some support for this assumption.Consider the following .Barling.Kelloway.and Iverson (2003)reported that satisfying jobs are linked to fewer occupational injuries. In a meta-analysis of 7,933 business units in 36 companies,Harter,Schmidt,and Hayes(2002)found positive relations between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction.productivity.profit,safety,and employee retention. Several studies (LePine.Erez.Johnson,2002:Tang Ibrahim,1998)reported that increased satisfaction is associated with increased organizational citizenship behavior A meta-analysis by Williams and colleagues (2006)found that satisfaction with pay is moderately associated with turnover intentions (231)and actual turnover (2.17). Judge,Thoreson,Bono,and Patton (2001)found a positive correlation of a substan- tial magnitude (130)between job satisfaction and task performance. Satisfied employees are less likely to be absent from work (Johns,1997). Satisfied employees are less likely to be late for work (Kozlowsky,Sagie,Krausz, Singer,1997). Conte,Dean.Ringenbach,Moran,and Landy (2005)found that job satisfaction is associated with job analysis ratings:More satisfied employees give high ratings for the frequency and importance of various tasks. Several researchers have found a positive association between job satisfaction and general life satisfaction and feelings of well-being (Warr,1999;Wright Cropanzano,2000)