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Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 April 09Stasi C, Bellini M, Bassotti G, Blandizzi C, Milani S. Serotonin receptors and their role in the pathophysiology and therapy of irritable bowel syndrome. Techniques in coloproctology. 2014 Stefka AT, Feehley T, Tripathi P, Qiu J, McCoy K, Mazmanian SK, Tjota MY, Seo G, Cao S, Theriault BR, et al. Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2014; 111:13145–13150. [PubMed: 25157157] Tsavkelova EA, Klimova S, Cherdyntseva TA, Netrusov AI. Hormones and hormone-like substances of microorganisms: a review. Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia. 2006; 42:261–268. [PubMed: 16878539] Uribe A, Alam M, Johansson O, Midtvedt T, Theodorsson E. Microflora modulates endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rat. Gastroenterology. 1994; 107:1259–1269. [PubMed: 7926490] Wade PR, Chen J, Jaffe B, Kassem IS, Blakely RD, Gershon MD. Localization and function of a 5-HT transporter in crypt epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 1996; 16:2352–2364. [PubMed: 8601815] Walther DJ, Peter JU, Bashammakh S, Hortnagl H, Voits M, Fink H, Bader M. Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform. Science. 2003; 299:76. [PubMed: 12511643] Westphal JF, Vetter D, Brogard JM. Hepatic side-effects of antibiotics. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1994; 33:387–401. [PubMed: 8040106] Wikoff WR, Anfora AT, Liu J, Schultz PG, Lesley SA, Peters EC, Siuzdak G. Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106:3698–3703. [PubMed: 19234110] Williams BB, Van Benschoten AH, Cimermancic P, Donia MS, Zimmermann M, Taketani M, Ishihara A, Kashyap PC, Fraser JS, Fischbach MA. Discovery and Characterization of Gut Microbiota Decarboxylases that Can Produce the Neurotransmitter Tryptamine. Cell host & microbe. 2014; 16:495–503. [PubMed: 25263219] Yadav VK, Ryu JH, Suda N, Tanaka KF, Gingrich JA, Schutz G, Glorieux FH, Chiang CY, Zajac JD, Insogna KL, et al. Lrp5 controls bone formation by inhibiting serotonin synthesis in the duodenum. Cell. 2008; 135:825–837. [PubMed: 19041748] Ziu E, Mercado CP, Li Y, Singh P, Ahmed BA, Freyaldenhoven S, Lensing S, Ware J, Kilic F. Down￾regulation of the serotonin transporter in hyperreactive platelets counteracts the pro-thrombotic effect of serotonin. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 2012; 52:1112–1121. [PubMed: 22366712] Yano et al. Page 15 Cell. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 April 09. Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript