284 作 物 学 报 29卷 比较困难。在马铃薯常规杂交育种中，利用S tuberasim by somatic fuson P lant Sci,1985,39.7582 phureja的优良性状主要是通过S.phureja与六倍 [5]Gibson R W,JonesM G K,Fish N.Resistance to potato leaf 体野生种S.dan issum杂交，获得四倍体杂种，再将 roll virus Y in somatic hybrids between dihapbid Solame tuberosun and S.brev iens Theor Appl Genet,1988,76: 其与四倍体栽培种S.tuberosum继续杂交，或者是 113-117 将四倍体S.tuberosum与S.phureja杂交，利用S. [6]Helgeson J P,Pohman J D,Austin S,et al Somatic hybrids phureja产生的2n配子而获得可育的四倍体杂种。 betw een Solamm bulbocastann and potato:a new source of S.chacoense与二倍体种杂交获得的是很少结自交果 resistance to late blight Theor Appl Genet,1998,96:738 的二倍体杂种后代在与四倍体杂交时，常形成36 742 [7]Mattheij W M.Puite K J.Tetrapbid potato hybrids through 个染色体的杂种预先人工多倍化可提高S. protoplast fuson and analysis of their perfom ance in the fiel chacoense与四倍体S.tuberosum的杂交效果I16。我 Theor A ppl Genet,1992,83:807812 们获得的马铃薯双单倍体品系81-l5与S.phureja [8]Mattheij W M,Eijlander R,de Koning J R A,et al 和S.chacoense的种间体细胞杂种，其花粉育性比二 Interspecific hybridizaton between the cultivated potato 倍体亲本的明显降低，人工辅助自花授粉得到的种 Solammn muberosim subspecies tuberasum L.and the w ild pecies S.circaef olnm subsp circaeifolien B itter exh ibiting resistance 子数较少，而用四倍体栽培品种给杂种植株授粉时 to Phy tophthora infestans (Mont de Bary and Globodera 却得到较多的种子。这些结果表明，种间体细胞杂 pallida (Stonne)Behrens Theor A ppl Genet,1992.83: 种植株具有较高的雄性不育性，而大孢子发生过程 459-466 进行得比较正常，雌配子的育性较高。这与A ustin [9]Sidorov V A,Zubko M K,Kuchko AA.Somatic 等(1993)B1的报道基本一致。由于获得的种间体细 hybrid ization in potato:use of irrad ated protoplast of Solame 胞杂种具有较高的雌配子育性，因而可以进一步地 pinnatisechm in genetic reconstructon Theor Appl Genet, 1987,74:363368 作为杂交育种的亲本用于马铃薯的遗传改良。用四 [10]Thach N Q,FreiU,W enzel G Somatic fuson for com bining 倍体栽培品种作父本经过回交选择过程，从回交后 virus resistance in Solanim tuberosim L-Theor A ppI Genet, 代中己选择出了几个综合性状优良、块茎性状表现 1993,8863r867 较好、块茎产量和淀粉含量较高、还原糖含量较低 [11]W aara S,Pijnacker L,Ferwerda M A,et al A cytogenetic and phenotypic characterization of somatic hybrid plants 的优良株系。这表明，用回交的方法可以对体细胞 obtained after fuson of two different dihapbid cbnes of potato 杂种进行遗传改良，从而使之能够用于马铃薯品种 (Solanm tuberosum L.).Theor A ppIGenet,1992.85:470 改良的育种实践中。由此可见，体细胞融合技术与 479 常规育种技术相结合，可以克服常规育种技术的某 [l2]SiH-J(司怀军)，DaiC-X(载朝曦).Observations on the 些局限性，实现马铃薯有益基因的种间转移和基因 morphobgical and agronom ic characters of interspecific som atic 重组，为选育新品种奠定基础。 hybrid plants in Solamm.Chinese Potato J ournal(马铃薯杂 志)，1997,11(4：193196 [I3]SiH-(司怀军)，DaiC-X(戴朝曦).Cytobgical observaton References and perox idase isoenzyme analysis of interspecific som atic hybrid plants in potato Chinese Potato Joural(马铃薯杂志)，1998 [1]Butenko R,Kuchko A.A dvances in P rotop last Research,Bu 12(4):19199 dapest:A kadem iai Kiado Press,1980,293300 [14]SiH-J(司怀军)，W ang D(王蒂)，LuJ(柳俊)etal [2]DaiC-X(戴朝曦)，Sun SD(孙顺娣)，LiJH(李继红). ldentificaton and application of agronom ic characters of som atic Study on the techniques of somatic electrofuson in potata hybrids in potato In:Chen Yili(ed Potato Industry and Journal of L anhou Unversin (N atural Science Edition)[ W est Development(马铃薯产业与西部开发).Harbin:Harbin 大学学报（自然科学版）]，1994,30(spp1):8287 U niversity of Engineering Press,2001,106110 [3]Austin S,Pohman J D,Brown C R,et al Interspecific [I5]SiH-J(司怀军)，DaiC-X(戴朝曦)，Tian ZD(田振东)etal som atic hybridization betw een Solanen tuberosin L.and S. Effect of storage temperature on reducing sugar content in bulbocastammn Dun as a means of transferring nem atode potato tubers A cta A griculturae B oreali-occidentalis S inica( resistance Am PotatoJ,1993,70:485495 北农业学报)，2001,10(1)：22一24 [4]A ustin S,Baer M A,Helgeson J P.Transfer of resistance to [16]Ross H.Potato B reed ing:P roblems and Perspectives Berlin, potato leaf roll virus from Solammn brevidens into Solamm Bam burg:Parey,1986 C 1995-2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co..Ltd.All rights reserved.比较困难。在马铃薯常规杂交育种中, 利用 S. p hu reja 的优良性状主要是通过 S. p hu reja 与六倍 体野生种S. d em issum 杂交, 获得四倍体杂种, 再将 其与四倍体栽培种 S. tuberosum 继续杂交; 或者是 将四倍体 S. tuberosum 与 S. p hu reja 杂交, 利用 S. p hu reja 产生的 2n 配子而获得可育的四倍体杂种。 S. chacoense 与二倍体种杂交获得的是很少结自交果 的二倍体杂种后代; 在与四倍体杂交时, 常形成 36 个染色体的杂种; 预先人工多倍化可提高 S. chacoense 与四倍体 S. tuberosum 的杂交效果[ 16 ]。我 们获得的马铃薯双单倍体品系 81215 与 S. p hu reja 和S. chacoense 的种间体细胞杂种, 其花粉育性比二 倍体亲本的明显降低, 人工辅助自花授粉得到的种 子数较少, 而用四倍体栽培品种给杂种植株授粉时 却得到较多的种子。这些结果表明, 种间体细胞杂 种植株具有较高的雄性不育性, 而大孢子发生过程 进行得比较正常, 雌配子的育性较高。这与A ustin 等(1993) [ 3 ]的报道基本一致。由于获得的种间体细 胞杂种具有较高的雌配子育性, 因而可以进一步地 作为杂交育种的亲本用于马铃薯的遗传改良。用四 倍体栽培品种作父本经过回交选择过程, 从回交后 代中已选择出了几个综合性状优良、块茎性状表现 较好、块茎产量和淀粉含量较高、还原糖含量较低 的优良株系。这表明, 用回交的方法可以对体细胞 杂种进行遗传改良, 从而使之能够用于马铃薯品种 改良的育种实践中。由此可见, 体细胞融合技术与 常规育种技术相结合, 可以克服常规育种技术的某 些局限性, 实现马铃薯有益基因的种间转移和基因 重组, 为选育新品种奠定基础。 References [ 1 ] Butenko R, Kuchko A. A d vances in P rotop last R esearch, Bu2 dapest: A kadem iai Kiado P ress, 1980, 293～ 300 [ 2 ] Dai C2X (戴朝曦) , Sun S2D (孙顺娣) , L i J2H (李继红). Study on the techniques of som atic electrofusion in potato. J ournal of L anzhou U niversity (N atural Science Edition) [兰州 大学学报(自然科学版) ], 1994, 30 (supp l. ): 82～ 87 [ 3 ] A ustin S, Pohlm an J D, B row n C R, et al. Interspecific som atic hybridization betw een S olanum tuberosum L. and S. bulbocastanum Dun. as a m eans of transferring nem atode resistance. A m P otato J , 1993, 70: 485～ 495 [ 4 ] A ustin S, Baer M A , Helgeson J P. T ransfer of resistance to potato leaf roll virus from S olanum brev id ens into S olanum tuberosum by som atic fusion. P lant S ci, 1985, 39: 75～ 82 [ 5 ] Gibson R W , JonesM G K, F ish N. Resistance to potato leaf roll virus Y in som atic hybrids betw een dihap loid S olanum tuberosum and S. brev id ens. T heor A pp l Genet, 1988, 76: 113～ 117 [ 6 ] Helgeson J P, Pohlm an J D, A ustin S, et al. Som atic hybrids betw een S olanum bulbocastanum and potato: a new source of resistance to late blight. T heor A pp l Genet, 1998, 96: 738～ 742 [ 7 ] M attheijW M , Puite K J. Tetrap loid potato hybrids through p rotop last fusion and analysis of their perform ance in the field. T heor A pp l Genet, 1992, 83: 807～ 812 [ 8 ] M attheij W M , E ijlander R, de Koning J R A , et al. Interspecific hybridization betw een the cultivated potato S olanum tuberosum subspecies tuberosum L. and the w ild species S. circaeif olium subsp. circaeif olium B itter exhibiting resistance to P hy tophthora inf estans (M ont. ) de Bary and G lobod era pallid a ( Stonne ) Behrens. T heor A pp l Genet, 1992, 83: 459～ 466 [ 9 ] Sidorov V A , Zubko M K, Kuchko A A. Som atic hybridization in potato: use of irradiated p rotop last of S olanum p innatisectum in genetic reconstruction. T heor A pp l Genet, 1987, 74: 363～ 368 [ 10 ] Thach N Q , F rei U , W enzel G. Som atic fusion for com bining virus resistance in S olanum tuberosum L. T heor A pp l Genet, 1993, 85: 863～ 867 [ 11 ] W aara S, P ijnacker L , Ferw erda M A , et al. A cytogenetic and phenotyp ic characterization of som atic hybrid p lants obtained after fusion of two different dihap loid clones of potato (S olanum tuberosum L. ). T heor A pp l Genet, 1992, 85: 470～ 479 [ 12 ] Si H2J (司怀军) , Dai C2X (戴朝曦). O bservations on the morphological and agronom ic characters of interspecific som atic hybrid p lants in S olanum. Chinese P otato J ournal (马铃薯杂 志) , 1997, 11 (4): 193～ 196 [ 13 ] Si H2J (司怀军) , Dai C2X (戴朝曦). Cytological observation and peroxidase isoenzym e analysis of interspecific som atic hybrid p lants in potato. Chinese P otato J ournal (马铃薯杂志) , 1998, 12 (4): 195～ 199 [ 14 ] Si H2J (司怀军) , W ang D ( 王 蒂) , L iu J ( 柳 俊) et al. Identification and app lication of agronom ic characters of som atic hybrids in potato. In: Chen Yili ( ed. ) P otato Ind ustry and W est D evelopm ent (马铃薯产业与西部开发). Harbin: Harbin U niversity of Engineering P ress, 2001, 106～ 110 [ 15 ] Si H2J (司怀军) , Dai C2X (戴朝曦) , T ian Z2D (田振东) et al. Effect of storage temperature on reducing sugar content in potato tubers. A cta A g riculturae B oreali2occid entalis S inica (西 北农业学报) , 2001, 10 (1): 22～ 24 [ 16 ] Ross H. P otato B reed ing: P roblem s and P erspectives. Berlin, Bam burg: Parey, 1986 作 物 学 报 482 29 卷 © 1995-2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved