自我一他人表征的发展特征与研究范式 度高于同学,在观察反馈负波(oFRN)上存在显著成分。【8目前该领域大多数研究都主要关注对自 差异,这表明自我和他人具有相似表征。此外,亲我和他人的思想和行为进行表征,而忽视了其间 近的程度与oFRN呈显著相关,表明自我对他人信情绪和情感的重要作用。自我在与他人交往过程 息表征的替代性体验可能受人际距离所调节 中,是如何对自我和他人情绪相关的信息进行加 另外,自我一他人表征可能不是单维度结构,工的呢?这些加工过程与对自我他人思想和行为 而是多维度结构。有研究指出自我一他人表征包的加工过程有着怎样的联系?这些问题都有待进 括知觉到的亲密性和重叠的表征两个相对独立的一步的理论和实证研究逐一揭开谜底。 参考文献 [1]Decety J, Som m erville JA. Shared R epresentations between Self and O ther: A Social Cognitive N euroscience V iew [J. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2003, 12(7) [2]ogilvie D M, Ashm ore R D. Self-w ith-other REPR ESen tation as a U nit of a na lysis in Self-concept R esearch [G]// Rebecca C Curtis. The Relational self: Theoretical Convergences in Psychoanalysis and Social P sychology. New Y ork The guilford pub lications, 1991 [3]孔繁昌,张妍,陈红.自我一他人表征:共享表征还是特异表征?J.心理科学进展,2010,18(8) [4]Beer JS, O chsnerK N Social Cognition: A M ultiLevel A nalysis[J. Brain R esearch, 2006, 1079(1) [5]徐丽萍.自我·客体关系·人格一费尔贝恩的纯粹心理的人格发展观[J].南京师范大学学报:社会科学版 2006,( [6]王儒芳,李红,对儿童早期自我意识发展及人一我关系理解的新探索[J.重庆大学学报:社会科学版,2003 7R ay R D, Shelton A L, Hollon N G, et al Cognitive and Neural D evelpm ent of Individuated Self-representation in Children [J] Child D evelopm ent, 2009, 80(4) [8]Beebe B, Lachm ann F M, Jaffe J. M other- infant In teraction Structures and Presym bolic Self and Object Representations LJ. Psychoanalytic Psycholgy, 1997, 7(2) [9]N elsen M, D issanayake C, K ashim a Y. A Longitud nal Investigation ofSelf-otherD scrim ination and the Em ergence of M inor Self-recognition [J]. InfantBehavior& D evebpm ent, 2003, 26(2) [10]Zhou A, X ia R, Shiz, et al Self-reference E ffect in Children's Self-other D ifferentiation [J. Psychological D evebpm entand E ducation, 2011,(6) [llJNewena A, V ogeley K. Self-represen tation Search ing for a Neural Signature of Self-consciousness LJ] Consciousness and Cognition, 2003, 12(4) [12] Labouvie-V iefG. Selfwith-other R epresentations and the o rganization of the Self[J. Joumal of R esearch in Personality, 2005, 39(1) [13]Rogers T B, Kuiper N A, K iker W S Self-reference and the Encod ing of Personal In form ation [J].Joumal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1977, 35(9) [14] Fossati P, H evenor S J, Graham S I, et al. In Search of the Em otional Self: An Bl R I Sudy U sing Positive and N egative Em otional W ordsLJ]. American JoumalofP sych iatry, 2003, 160(11) [15]Lom bardo M V, ChakrabartiB, Bull oreE T, etal A typicalN eural Self-representation n Autism [J. Brain, 2009, 1. [16]M outoussis M, Fearon P, EHDeredy W, et al B ayesian Inferences about the Self( and 0 thers ): A Review [j] Consciousness and Cognition, 2014, 25. 7]张力,周天罡,张剑,等.寻找中国人的自我:一项RI研究[门.中国科学(C),2005,35(5) [18]VanderwalT, H unyadiE, G rupe D W, et al. Self, M other and Abstract O ther: An M R i Study of R eflective Social Processing[]. NeuroIm age, 2008, 41(4) [19 ]W ickerB, Ruby P, Royet ], etal. A Relation between Rest and the Self in the Brain?[J. Brain R esearch review s, 2003,43(2) [20]D'Angem beau A, Collette F, V an der Linden M, et al Self-referen tial reflective a ctivity and Its R elationsh ip with·53· 度高于同学，在观察反馈负波（oFRN）上存在显著 差异，这表明自我和他人具有相似表征。此外，亲 近的程度与oFRN 呈显著相关，表明自我对他人信 息表征的替代性体验可能受人际距离所调节。 另外，自我—他人表征可能不是单维度结构， 而是多维度结构。有研究指出自我—他人表征包 括知觉到的亲密性和重叠的表征两个相对独立的 成分。［43］目前该领域大多数研究都主要关注对自 我和他人的思想和行为进行表征，而忽视了其间 情绪和情感的重要作用。自我在与他人交往过程 中，是如何对自我和他人情绪相关的信息进行加 工的呢？这些加工过程与对自我他人思想和行为 的加工过程有着怎样的联系？这些问题都有待进 一步的理论和实证研究逐一揭开谜底。 参考文献 ［1］Decety J，Sommerville J A. Shared Representations between Self and Other：A Social Cognitive Neuroscience View［J］. Trends in Cognitive Sciences，2003，12（7）. ［2］Ogilvie D M，Ashmore R D. Self-with-other REPRESentation as a Unit of Analysis in Self-concept Research［G］// Rebecca C Curtis. The Relational self：Theoretical Convergences in Psychoanalysis and Social Psychology. New York： The Guilford publications，1991. ［3］孔繁昌，张妍，陈红.自我—他人表征：共享表征还是特异表征?［J］.心理科学进展，2010，18（8）. ［4］Beer J S，Ochsner K N. Social Cognition：A Multi Level Analysis［J］. Brain Research，2006，1079（1）. ［5］徐丽萍.自我·客体关系·人格—费尔贝恩的纯粹心理的人格发展观［J］. 南京师范大学学报：社会科学版， 2006，（5）. ［6］王儒芳，李红. 对儿童早期自我意识发展及人—我关系理解的新探索［J］. 重庆大学学报：社会科学版，2003， （5）. ［7］Ray R D，Shelton A L，Hollon N G，et al. Cognitive and Neural Development of Individuated Self-representation in Children［J］. Child Development，2009，80（4）. ［8］Beebe B，Lachmann F M，Jaffe J. Mother-infant Interaction Structures and Presymbolic Self- and Object Representations［J］. Psychoanalytic Psychology，1997，7（2）. ［9］Nielsen M，Dissanayake C，Kashima Y. A Longitudinal Investigation of Self-other Discrimination and the Emergence of Mirror Self-recognition［J］. Infant Behavior & Development，2003，26（2）. ［10］Zhou A，Xia R，Shi Z，et al. Self-reference Effect in Children’s Self-other Differentiation［J］. Psychological Development and Education，2011，（6）. ［11］Newena A，Vogeley K. Self-representation：Searching for a Neural Signature of Self-consciousness［J］. Consciousness and Cognition，2003，12（4）. ［12］Labouvie-Vief G. Self-with-other Representations and the Organization of the Self［J］. Journal of Research in Personality，2005，39（1）. ［13］Rogers T B，Kuiper N A，Kirker W S. Self-reference and the Encoding of Personal Information［J］. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1977，35（9）. ［14］Fossati P，Hevenor S J，Graham S J，et al. In Search of the Emotional Self：An fMRI Study Using Positive and Negative Emotional Words［J］. American Journal of Psychiatry，2003，160（11）. ［15］Lombardo M V，Chakrabarti B，Bullmore E T，et al. Atypical Neural Self-representation in Autism［J］. Brain，2009，1. ［16］Moutoussis M，Fearon P，El-Deredy W，et al. Bayesian Inferences about the Self（and Others）：A Review［J］. Consciousness and Cognition，2014，25. ［17］张力，周天罡，张剑，等. 寻找中国人的自我：一项fMRI研究［J］. 中国科学（C），2005，35（5）. ［18］Vanderwal T，Hunyadi E，Grupe D W，et al. Self，Mother and Abstract Other：An fMRI Study of Reflective Social Processing［J］. NeuroImage，2008，41（4）. ［19］Wicker B，Ruby P，Royet J，et al. A Relation between Rest and the Self in the Brain?［J］. Brain Research Reviews， 2003，43（2）. ［20］D’Argembeau A，Collette F，Van der Linden M，et al. Self-referential Reflective Activity and Its Relationship with 自我—他人表征的发展特征与研究范式