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Nelson(ed ) The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity 609-625 Baccara, Mariagiovanna and Razin, ronny (2002),"From Thought to Practice Appropriation and Endogenous Market Structure with Imperfect Intellectual Property Rights, mimeo, Princeton University Benkler, Yochai(2002),"Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and The Theory of the Firm, Yale Law Journal. 112. 369-446 Bhattacharya, Sudipto, and Guriev, Sergei(2004),"Knowledge Disclosure, Patents, and Optimal Organization of Research and Development, mimeo, Princeton University Biais, Bruno and Perotti, Enrico(2003),"Entrepreneurs and New Ideas, mimeo Toulouse University Burk, Dan L(2004), "Intellectual Property and the Firm, University of Chicago La Review,71,3-20. Gans, Joshua S, Hsu, David H, and Stern, Scott (2000),When Does Start-Up Innovation Spur the Gale of Creative Destruction? "NBER Working Paper No W7851 Gans, Joshua S. and Stern, Scott(2003a),The Product Market and the Market for Ideas:Commercialization Strategies for Technology Entrepreneurs, " Research Policy,32,333-350 Gans, Joshua S and Stern, Scott(2003b),"The Impact of Uncertain IP Rights on the Market for Ideas: Evidence from Patent Grant Delays, mimeo, Northwestern UniversityReferences Aghion, Philippe and Tirole, Jean (1994), “The Management of Innovation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 1185-1209. Anand, Bharat N. and Khanna, Tarun (2000), “The Structure of Licensing Contracts,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 48, 103-135. Anton, James J. and Yao, Dennis A. (1994), “Expropriation and Inventions: Appropriable Rents in the Absence of Property Rights,” American Economic Review, 84, 190- 209. Anton, James J. and Yao, Dennis A. (2000), “Little Patents and Big Secrets: Managing Intellectual Property,” mimeo, University of Pennsylvania. Anton, James J. and Yao, Dennis A. (2002), “The Sale of Ideas: Strategic Disclosure, Property Rights, and Contracting,” forthcoming in Review of Economic Studies. Anton, James J. and Yao, Dennis A. (2003a), “Entrepreneurs and New Ideas,” mimeo, University of Pennsylvania. Anton, James J. and Yao, Dennis A. (2003b), “Attracting Skeptical Buyers,” mimeo, University of Pennsylvania. Arora, Ashish, Fosfuri, Andrea and Gambardella, Alfonso (2001), Markets for Technology: The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy (MIT Press). Arora, Ashish and Merges, Robert P. (2004), “Specialized Supply Firms, Property Rights and Firm Boundaries,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 13, 451-475. Arrow, Kenneth J. (1962), “Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention,” in Richard R. Nelson (ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, 609-625. Baccara, Mariagiovanna and Razin, Ronny (2002), “From Thought to Practice: Appropriation and Endogenous Market Structure with Imperfect Intellectual Property Rights,” mimeo, Princeton University. Benkler, Yochai (2002), “Coase’s Penguin, or, Linux and The Theory of the Firm,” Yale Law Journal, 112, 369-446. Bhattacharya, Sudipto, and Guriev, Sergei (2004), “Knowledge Disclosure, Patents, and Optimal Organization of Research and Development,” mimeo, Princeton University. Biais, Bruno and Perotti, Enrico (2003), “Entrepreneurs and New Ideas,” mimeo, Toulouse University. Burk, Dan L. (2004), “Intellectual Property and the Firm,” University of Chicago Law Review, 71, 3-20. Gans, Joshua S., Hsu, David H., and Stern, Scott (2000), “When Does Start-Up Innovation Spur the Gale of Creative Destruction?” NBER Working Paper No. W7851. Gans, Joshua S. and Stern, Scott (2003a), “The Product Market and the Market for “Ideas”: Commercialization Strategies for Technology Entrepreneurs,” Research Policy, 32, 333-350. Gans, Joshua S. and Stern, Scott (2003b), “The Impact of Uncertain IP Rights on the Market for Ideas: Evidence from Patent Grant Delays,” mimeo, Northwestern University. 7