Gilson, Ronald J.(1999),"The Legal Infrastructure of High Technology Industrial Districts: Silicon Valley, Route 128, and Covenants Not to Compete, New York University Law Review, 74, 575-629 Grossman, Sanford and Hart, Oliver(1986),"The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration, " Journal of political Economy, 94, 691 719 Hart, Oliver(1995), Firms, Contracts, and Financial Structure(Oxford University Press New York, NY) Hellmann, Thomas(2002),"When Do Employees Become Entrepreneurs? "Research Paper No. 1770, Stanford Business School Kim, J and Marschke, G.(2001),Labor Mobility of Scientists, Technological Diffusion, and the Firms Patenting Decision named available at http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstractid=288580 Lessig, Lawrence(2001), The Future of Ideas(Random House, New York) Majewski, Suzanne E and Williamson, Dean V(2003), Incomplete Contracting and the Structure ofR&D Agreements, " mimeo, Harvard University Mazzoleni, Roberto and Nelson, Richard R (1998), "The Benefits and Costs of Strong Patent Protection: A Contribution to the Current Debate, Research Policy, 27, 273 Merges, Robert P(1995),"Intellectual Property and the Costs of Commercial Exchange A Review Essay, Michigan Law Review, 93, 1570-1615 Merges, Robert P.(1999),"The Law and Economics of Employee Inventions, 13 Harvard Journal of law Technology, 13, 1-54 Merges, Robert P (2000),"Property Rights as Contractual Safeguards, mimeo, UC Berkeley Merges, Robert P, Menell, Peter S. and Lemley, Mark(2003), Intellectual Property in the New Technology Age(3 ed, Aspen Law and Business, New York) Oxley, Joanne E.(1997),"Appropriability Hazards and Governance in Strate Alliances: A Transaction Cost Approach, 13 Journal of Law, Economics Organization 387-409 Oxley, Joanne E(1999),Institutional Environment and the Mechanisms of Governance The Impact of Intellectual Property Protection on the Structure of Inter-firm Alliances, Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 38, 283-309 Sampson, Rachelle C(2004),The Cost of Misaligned Governance in R&D Alliances forthcoming in Journal of Law, Economics Organization Teece, David (1986),"Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing, and Public Policy, Research Policy, 15, 285- Teece, David(1988),Technological Change and the Nature of the Firm, "in Dosi, Get al.(eds ) Technical Change and Economic Theory 256-281(Frances Pinter, Williamson, Oliver(1975), Markets and Hierarchies(free Press, New York, NY) Williamson, Oliver(1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism(Free Press, New York, NY) 8Gilson, Ronald J. (1999), “The Legal Infrastructure of High Technology Industrial Districts: Silicon Valley, Route 128, and Covenants Not to Compete,” New York University Law Review, 74, 575-629. Grossman, Sanford and Hart, Oliver (1986), “The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration,” Journal of Political Economy, 94, 691- 719. Hart, Oliver (1995), Firms, Contracts, and Financial Structure (Oxford University Press, New York, NY). Hellmann, Thomas (2002), “When Do Employees Become Entrepreneurs?” Research Paper No. 1770, Stanford Business School. Kim, J. and Marschke, G. (2001), “Labor Mobility of Scientists, Technological Diffusion, and the Firm’s Patenting Decision,” mimeo, available at http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=288580. Lessig, Lawrence (2001), The Future of Ideas (Random House, New York). Majewski, Suzanne E. and Williamson, Dean V. (2003), “Incomplete Contracting and the Structure of R&D Agreements,” mimeo, Harvard University. Mazzoleni, Roberto and Nelson, Richard R. (1998), “The Benefits and Costs of Strong Patent Protection: A Contribution to the Current Debate,” Research Policy, 27, 273- 284. Merges, Robert P. (1995), “Intellectual Property and the Costs of Commercial Exchange: A Review Essay,” Michigan Law Review, 93, 1570-1615. Merges, Robert P. (1999), “The Law and Economics of Employee Inventions,” 13 Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 13, 1-54. Merges, Robert P. (2000), “Property Rights as Contractual Safeguards,” mimeo, UC Berkeley. Merges, Robert P., Menell, Peter S. and Lemley, Mark (2003), Intellectual Property in the New Technology Age (3rd ed., Aspen Law and Business, New York). Oxley, Joanne E. (1997), “Appropriability Hazards and Governance in Strategic Alliances: A Transaction Cost Approach,” 13 Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 387-409. Oxley, Joanne E. (1999), “Institutional Environment and the Mechanisms of Governance: The Impact of Intellectual Property Protection on the Structure of Inter-firm Alliances,” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 38, 283-309. Sampson, Rachelle C. (2004), “The Cost of Misaligned Governance in R&D Alliances,” forthcoming in Journal of Law, Economics & Organization. Teece, David (1986), “Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing, and Public Policy,” Research Policy, 15, 285- 305. Teece, David (1988), “Technological Change and the Nature of the Firm,” in Dosi, G. et al. (eds.), Technical Change and Economic Theory 256-281 (Frances Pinter, London, UK). Williamson, Oliver (1975), Markets and Hierarchies (Free Press, New York, NY). Williamson, Oliver (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (Free Press, New York, NY). 8