Chapter 1 Biochemistry:An Evolving Science 6 32.What are the primary chemical components present in a phosphate buffer at pH 7.4? A)H3PO4 and PO43 D)H2PO4 and HPO42 B) H2PO4 and PO43 E)H3PO4 and HPO2 C)HPO42 and PO3 Ans:D Section 1.3 Short-Answer Questions 33.What are some of the medical implications of the human genome project? Ans:The obvious use is in diagnosing disease and in developing methods to treat and cure diseases.Physicians will be able to account for individual genetic differences in determining the best medical treatment. Section:Introduction 34.What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in biochemical structures such as DNA? Ans:The bonds are weak enough to be easily disrupted;yet when many are present,they provide the stabilization necessary for larger structures such as DNA. Section:1.2 35.What adaptation affected evolutionary diversity? Ans:Alteration of biochemical molecules and components to new roles is key to diversity and evolution Section:1.1 36.Describe resonance structures. Ans:Resonance structures are ways of writing covalent bonds in which two or more alternate bonding patterns can be achieved.This is due to the sharing of electrons over several atoms.Common examples are found in peptide bonds,and in some of the bases.Benzene is shown in the text. Section:1.3 37.What is an electrostatic interaction?Give an example. Ans:It is the attractive force of two oppositely charged atoms.Salts(such as NaCl)are a common example. Section:1.3 38.How is water able to be a solvent for so many biological molecules? Ans:Many biological molecules have polar characteristics.Water is extremely polar and is capable of competing with other polar molecules by weakening their electrostatic and hydrogen bonds.The oxygen can act as a hydrogen-bond acceptor,and the hydrogen can act as a donor. Section:1.3 39.What is the net effect of many van der Waals interactions? Ans:At the interface of two large molecules,the numerous van der Waals interactions can substantially affect and stabilize the interaction. Section:1.3Chapter 1 Biochemistry: An Evolving Science 6 32. What are the primary chemical components present in a phosphate buffer at pH 7.4? A) H3PO4 and PO4 -3 D) H2PO4 - and HPO4 -2 B) H2PO4 - and PO4 -3 E) H3PO4 and HPO4 -2 C) HPO4 -2 and PO4 -3 Ans: D Section 1.3 Short-Answer Questions 33. What are some of the medical implications of the human genome project? Ans: The obvious use is in diagnosing disease and in developing methods to treat and cure diseases. Physicians will be able to account for individual genetic differences in determining the best medical treatment. Section: Introduction 34. What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in biochemical structures such as DNA? Ans: The bonds are weak enough to be easily disrupted; yet when many are present, they provide the stabilization necessary for larger structures such as DNA. Section: 1.2 35. What adaptation affected evolutionary diversity? Ans: Alteration of biochemical molecules and components to new roles is key to diversity and evolution. Section: 1.1 36. Describe resonance structures. Ans: Resonance structures are ways of writing covalent bonds in which two or more alternate bonding patterns can be achieved. This is due to the sharing of electrons over several atoms. Common examples are found in peptide bonds, and in some of the bases. Benzene is shown in the text. Section: 1.3 37. What is an electrostatic interaction? Give an example. Ans: It is the attractive force of two oppositely charged atoms. Salts (such as NaCl) are a common example. Section: 1.3 38. How is water able to be a solvent for so many biological molecules? Ans: Many biological molecules have polar characteristics. Water is extremely polar and is capable of competing with other polar molecules by weakening their electrostatic and hydrogen bonds. The oxygen can act as a hydrogen-bond acceptor, and the hydrogen can act as a donor. Section: 1.3 39. What is the net effect of many van der Waals interactions? Ans: At the interface of two large molecules, the numerous van der Waals interactions can substantially affect and stabilize the interaction. Section: 1.3