Articles 1990 2010 Neonatal Postneonatal Childhood Neonatal Postneonatal Childhood (Continued from previous page) North Africa and Middle East Algeria 25-0(15-5-36-2) 18-6(99-27-7) 9-8(44-192) 11-8(6.9-164) 5-6(2-0-10-1) 2-0(0-6-57 Bahrain 112(93-142) 54(4-1-7-3) 25(1-6-42) 473-5-6-0) 2.1(13-3-0) 0-7(04-13) Egypt 32-4(25-8-39-7) 32-0(264-37-1) 235(16-8-32-0) 144(11-7-16.9) 75(559-6) 30(1-8-49) Iran 29-1(17-9-43-2) 24-0(135-35-0) 13-8(6-7-25-7) 17-1(10-4-24-7刀 10-0(4-8-16-5) 4-4(1-7-10-1) Irag 27-0(16-3-39-3) 20-9(115-30-7j 11-6(54-219) 17-3(10.4-25-2 101(49-17-2 451-7-10-5) Jordan 18-0(14-7-21-3) 11-1(8-6-136) 47(3-0-7-1) 947-8-114) 3-6(2-4-5-1) 11(0-6-2-1) Kuwait 8-0(6-4-9-8) 3-8(2551) 11(0-6-19) 53(4-0-6-9) 2-0(12-3-2) 05(0-3-1-0) Lebanon 171106-238) 10-2(5-0-160) 44(1-8-97刀 7-0(4-1-10-4) 25(1-0-5-2) 07(02-24) Libya 19-6(12-2-27-8) 12-6(64-196) 5-8(2-5-12-2 85(5-0-12-2) 34(13-63) 1-1(0-3-3-2) Morocco 345(27-9-41.2) 261(20-9-30-8) 18-3(12-9-25-6 191(15-4-22-7刀 9-2(63-123) 44(2-5-71) Occupied Palestinian 21-3(13-4-30-2) 14-3(7-4-21-9) 69(2-9-139) 13-1(77-18.5) 6-6(2-8-114) 25(0-9-6-1) territories Oman 19-3(12-2-282) 12-4(6-1-199) 5-8(2-5-13-0) 6-6(3-6-8-5) 22(07-43) 06(0-1-1-8) Qatar 101(6-3-135) 4-4(1-9-7-8) 14(05-39) 7-2(43-96) 26(1-0-5-1) 07(02-24) Saudi Arabia 16-4(9-6-228) 95(43-154) 39(14-9) 96(5-6-13-6) 41(1-6-7-8) 13(0-4-40 Syria 174(10-7-24-0) 10-3(5-0-16-5) 45(1-9-98) 7-7(4.9-10-3) 2.9(11-5-6) 09(0-3-2-6) Tunisia 21-3(16.9-26-3) 164(131-199) 10-4(7-1-150) 94(67-123) 42(2-6-6-5) 1-6(08-3-2) Turkey 30-3(24.5-37-4) 298(24-6-34-7) 12-9(8-8-18-8) 164(115-17-6) 9-7(6-0-113) 34(1-8-5-0) United Arab Emirates 102(62-14-2) 4-4(1-8-81) 15(0-5-4-2) 2-4(14-34) 05(01-14) 01(0-0-04) Yemen 46.0(35-6-57-3) 49-0(397-57-2) 39-2(28-4-52-7) 27-8(21-9-34-6) 21-3(158-271) 121(7-4-19-1) North America,high income Canada 54(43-65) 26(18-35) 08(0-5-1-4) 2-9(2-1-3-8) 15(1-0-21) 05(0-3-08) USA 7-258-8-5) 3-4(2.4-4-6) 10(0-6-1-7力 3-9(30-4-9) 2.2(15-2-9) 0-6(0-3-1-1) Oceania F球 18-6(10-6-27-2) 11-954-188) 5-1(2-0-11-2) 14-5(8-2-22-2) 88(3-9-14-8) 36(14-8-5) Federated States of 28-3(16-6-42-0) 198(101-311) 92B-9-189) 141(7-5-213) 8.3(35-144) 35(13-83) Micronesia Kiribati 36-6(218-51-9) 27-6(14-7-40-5) 13-4(6-0-26-0) 23-8(13-5-35-0) 16-1(7-8-253) 7-23-0-155) Marshall islands 25-9(155-37-0) 17-6(91-281) 8-0(33-16-9) 20-0(11-7-28.8) 125(59-20-8) 54(2-1-127 Papua New Guinea 46-6(28-6-68-0) 37-7(20-8-554) 19-2(9-0-36-0) 393(234-611) 30.4(15-6-474) 152(6-6-30-7 Samoa 15-9(9-2-23-6) 98(4-5-16.5) 4-1(1-6-9-7) 10-5(57-153) 59(2-5-10-2) 2-3(0-9-6-1) Solomon Islands 20-0(118-28-8) 131(6-1-211) 57(23-12-6) 15-8(8.9-23-0) 9-7(43-16-2) 41(1-5-94) Tonga 14-0(7-9-20-5) 843-7-14-2) 35(1-3-83) 10-8(5-7-15-9) 6-1(2-5-101) 2-4(0-8-6-3) Vanuatu 26-7(15-5-391) 185(94-29-0) 8-53-6-182) 12-773-191) 7-43-2-13-0) 3-0(11-7-5) Sub-Saharan Africa,central Angola 52-329-3-90-5) 84-1(499-121-2) 1201(76-2-160-2) 37-3(20-4-642) 47-0(26-6-70-0) 56-9311-84-5) Central African Republic 46-6(35-6-60-3) 600(48-8-71-7 66-9(50-9851) 41-2(31-4-54-5) 50-2(39-1-63-0) 535B81-712) Congo 301(227-40-0) 383309-46-8) 45-234-8-58-2) 297(225-39-6) 37-7(30-0-46-9) 44232-6-595) Democratic Republic of 39-8(294-53-1) 659(52-1-80-1) 89-0(69-3-107-9) 32-6(240-43-9) 47.1(36-6-57-70 57-5(42.8-73-6 the Congo Equatorial Guinea 44-0(24-7-75-8) 63-0(37-3-90-9) 83-1(50-7-1157) 444(244-75-3) 63-6(37-0-93-7刀 83-8(50-0-119-2) Gabon 311(22-8-40-2) 297(23-2-35-6) 36-1(26-7-464) 25-6(18-7-33-6) 209(154-26-5) 23-4(15-8-32-9) (Continues on next page) made good progress overall,but Bolivia and Haiti have Saharan African countries of Nigeria,Guinea-Bissau rates higher than 40 per 1000.Of all 38 countries in the Niger,Mali,Chad,and Equatorial Guinea have the world with under-5 mortality higher than 80 per 1000 in highest rates of under-5 mortality in the world.In north 2010,34are in sub-Saharan Africa.Countries in southern Africa and the Middle East,only Yemen has a rate of Africa have notably lower under-5 mortality rates than do under-5 mortality of more than 40 per 1000 and countries in other sub-Saharan regions;the west sub- 12 countries have rates of less than 20 per 1000.Pakistan 2002 www.thelancet.com Vol 375 June 5,2010Articles 2002 www.thelancet.com Vol 375 June 5, 2010 made good progress overall, but Bolivia and Haiti have rates higher than 40 per 1000. Of all 38 countries in the world with under-5 mortality higher than 80 per 1000 in 2010, 34 are in sub-Saharan Africa. Countries in southern Africa have notably lower under-5 mortality rates than do countries in other sub-Saharan regions; the west sub￾Saharan African countries of Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, Mali, Chad, and Equatorial Guinea have the highest rates of under-5 mortality in the world. In north Africa and the Middle East, only Yemen has a rate of under-5 mortality of more than 40 per 1000 and 12 countries have rates of less than 20 per 1000. Pakistan 1990 2010 Neonatal Postneonatal Childhood Neonatal Postneonatal Childhood (Continued from previous page) North Africa and Middle East Algeria 25·0 (15·5–36·2) 18·6 (9·9–27·7) 9·8 (4·4–19·2) 11·8 (6·9–16·4) 5·6 (2·0–10·1) 2·0 (0·6–5·7) Bahrain 11·2 (9·3–14·2) 5·4 (4·1–7·3) 2·5 (1·6–4·2) 4·7 (3·5–6·0) 2·1 (1·3–3·0) 0·7 (0·4–1·3) Egypt 32·4 (25·8–39·7) 32·0 (26·4–37·1) 23·5 (16·8–32·0) 14·4 (11·7–16·9) 7·5 (5·5–9·6) 3·0 (1·8–4·9) Iran 29·1 (17·9–43·2) 24·0 (13·5–35·0) 13·8 (6·7–25·7) 17·1 (10·4–24·7) 10·0 (4·8–16·5) 4·4 (1·7–10·1) Iraq 27·0 (16·3–39·3) 20·9 (11·5–30·7) 11·6 (5·4–21·9) 17·3 (10·4–25·2) 10·1 (4·9–17·2) 4·5 (1·7–10·5) Jordan 18·0 (14·7–21·3) 11·1 (8·6–13·6) 4·7 (3·0–7·1) 9·4 (7·8–11·4) 3·6 (2·4–5·1) 1·1 (0·6–2·1) Kuwait 8·0 (6·4–9·8) 3·8 (2·5–5·1) 1·1 (0·6–1·9) 5·3 (4·0–6·9) 2·0 (1·2–3·2) 0·5 (0·3–1·0) Lebanon 17·1 (10·6–23·8) 10·2 (5·0–16·0) 4·4 (1·8–9·7) 7·0 (4·1–10·4) 2·5 (1·0–5·2) 0·7 (0·2–2·4) Libya 19·6 (12·2–27·8) 12·6 (6·4–19·6) 5·8 (2·5–12·2) 8·5 (5·0–12·2) 3·4 (1·3–6·3) 1·1 (0·3–3·2) Morocco 34·5 (27·9–41·2) 26·1 (20·9–30·8) 18·3 (12·9–25·6) 19·1 (15·4–22·7) 9·2 (6·3–12·3) 4·4 (2·5–7·1) Occupied Palestinian territories 21·3 (13·4–30·2) 14·3 (7·4–21·9) 6·9 (2·9–13·9) 13·1 (7·7–18·5) 6·6 (2·8–11·4) 2·5 (0·9–6·1) Oman 19·3 (12·2–28·2) 12·4 (6·1–19·9) 5·8 (2·5–13·0) 6·6 (3·6–8·5) 2·2 (0·7–4·3) 0·6 (0·1–1·8) Qatar 10·1 (6·3–13·5) 4·4 (1·9–7·8) 1·4 (0·5–3·9) 7·2 (4·3–9·6) 2·6 (1·0–5·1) 0·7 (0·2–2·4) Saudi Arabia 16·4 (9·6–22·8) 9·5 (4·3–15·4) 3·9 (1·4–9·5) 9·6 (5·6–13·6) 4·1 (1·6–7·8) 1·3 (0·4–4·0) Syria 17·4 (10·7–24·0) 10·3 (5·0–16·5) 4·5 (1·9–9·8) 7·7 (4·9–10·3) 2·9 (1·1–5·6) 0·9 (0·3–2·6) Tunisia 21·3 (16·9–26·3) 16·4 (13·1–19·9) 10·4 (7·1–15·0) 9·4 (6·7–12·3) 4·2 (2·6–6·5) 1·6 (0·8–3·2) Turkey 30·3 (24·5–37·4) 29·8 (24·6–34·7) 12·9 (8·8–18·8) 16·4 (11·5–17·6) 9·7 (6·0–11·3) 3·4 (1·8–5·0) United Arab Emirates 10·2 (6·2–14·2) 4·4 (1·8–8·1) 1·5 (0·5–4·2) 2·4 (1·4–3·4) 0·5 (0·1–1·4) 0·1 (0·0–0·4) Yemen 46·0 (35·6–57·3) 49·0 (39·7–57·2) 39·2 (28·4–52·7) 27·8 (21·9–34·6) 21·3 (15·8–27·1) 12·1 (7·4–19·1) North America, high income Canada 5·4 (4·3–6·5) 2·6 (1·8–3·5) 0·8 (0·5–1·4) 2·9 (2·1–3·8) 1·5 (1·0–2·1) 0·5 (0·3–0·8) USA 7·2 (5·8–8·5) 3·4 (2·4–4·6) 1·0 (0·6–1·7) 3·9 (3·0–4·9) 2·2 (1·5–2·9) 0·6 (0·3–1·1) Oceania Fiji 18·6 (10·6–27·2) 11·9 (5·4–18·8) 5·1 (2·0–11·2) 14·5 (8·2–22·2) 8·8 (3·9–14·8) 3·6 (1·4–8·5) Federated States of Micronesia 28·3 (16·6–42·0) 19·8 (10·1–31·1) 9·2 (3·9–18·9) 14·1 (7·5–21·3) 8·3 (3·5–14·4) 3·5 (1·3–8·3) Kiribati 36·6 (21·8–51·9) 27·6 (14·7–40·5) 13·4 (6·0–26·0) 23·8 (13·5–35·0) 16·1 (7·8–25·3) 7·2 (3·0–15·5) Marshall Islands 25·9 (15·5–37·0) 17·6 (9·1–28·1) 8·0 (3·3–16·9) 20·0 (11·7–28·8) 12·5 (5·9–20·8) 5·4 (2·1–12·7) Papua New Guinea 46·6 (28·6–68·0) 37·7 (20·8–55·4) 19·2 (9·0–36·0) 39·3 (23·4–61·1) 30·4 (15·6–47·4) 15·2 (6·6–30·7) Samoa 15·9 (9·2–23·6) 9·8 (4·5–16·5) 4·1 (1·6–9·7) 10·5 (5·7–15·3) 5·9 (2·5–10·2) 2·3 (0·9–6·1) Solomon Islands 20·0 (11·8–28·8) 13·1 (6·1–21·1) 5·7 (2·3–12·6) 15·8 (8·9–23·0) 9·7 (4·3–16·2) 4·1 (1·5–9·4) Tonga 14·0 (7·9–20·5) 8·4 (3·7–14·2) 3·5 (1·3–8·3) 10·8 (5·7–15·9) 6·1 (2·5–10·1) 2·4 (0·8–6·3) Vanuatu 26·7 (15·5–39·1) 18·5 (9·4–29·0) 8·5 (3·6–18·2) 12·7 (7·3–19·1) 7·4 (3·2–13·0) 3·0 (1·1–7·5) Sub-Saharan Africa, central Angola 52·3 (29·3–90·5) 84·1 (49·9–121·2) 120·1 (76·2–160·2) 37·3 (20·4–64·2) 47·0 (26·6–70·0) 56·9 (31·1–84·5) Central African Republic 46·6 (35·6–60·3) 60·0 (48·8–71·7) 66·9 (50·9–85·1) 41·2 (31·4–54·5) 50·2 (39·1–63·0) 53·5 (38·1–71·2) Congo 30·1 (22·7–40·0) 38·3 (30·9–46·8) 45·2 (34·8–58·2) 29·7 (22·5–39·6) 37·7 (30·0–46·9) 44·2 (32·6–59·5) Democratic Republic of the Congo 39·8 (29·4–53·1) 65·9 (52·1–80·1) 89·0 (69·3–107·9) 32·6 (24·0–43·9) 47·1 (36·6–57·7) 57·5 (42·8–73·6) Equatorial Guinea 44·0 (24·7–75·8) 63·0 (37·3–90·9) 83·1 (50·7–115·7) 44·4 (24·4–75·3) 63·6 (37·0–93·7) 83·8 (50·0–119·2) Gabon 31·1 (22·8–40·2) 29·7 (23·2–35·6) 36·1 (26·7–46·4) 25·6 (18·7–33·6) 20·9 (15·4–26·5) 23·4 (15·8–32·9) (Continues on next page)