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第36卷第10期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.36 No.10 2014年10月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 0ct.2014 未服役Cr35N45Nb合金真空渗碳行为及相演化机理 彭以超”,张麦仓”四,董建新”,杜晨阳 1)北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京1000832)中国特种设备检测研究院,北京100013 ☒通信作者,E-mail:mezhang(@ustb.cu.cm 摘要采用乙炔真空渗碳工艺对未服役的C35N45Nb乙烯裂解炉管进行了加速渗碳处理,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、 定量电子探针等手段对渗碳前后炉管内壁的渗碳行为及相演化机理进行了系统分析.结果表明:炉管高温渗碳过程的主要控 制因素由初期的扩散控制逐渐变为扩散一表面反应综合控制:渗碳过程属多元多相反应扩散范畴,炉管内侧横截面随渗碳深 度的不同依次出现了表面碳化物层、亚表层贫碳化物区、片层状碳化物层、规则几何碳化物区、扩散区、弱影响区等六个区域, 这六个区域共同组成了M,C3M,C,-MC,混合区和MC6的三级垂直层状分布.贫碳化物区的形成原因是表面碳化物层的 形成造成亚表层贫C;片层状碳化物的形成源于碳在高镍铬合金中的低渗透性以及析出物进一步的阻碍效应 关键词耐热合金:渗碳:相变:碳化物 分类号TG156 High temperature vacuum carburization behaviors and phase evolution mechanisms of virgin as-cast Cr35Ni45Nb alloy PENG Yi-ehao”,ZHANG Mai--tang》a,DONG Jian-xin》,DU Chen-yang 1)School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China Corresponding author,E-mail:mezhang@ustb.edu.en ABSTRACT Virgin as-cast Cr35Ni45Nb tubes were carburized firstly by low-pressure vacuum carburizing at 1080C.Then the car- burization behaviors and corresponding phase evolution mechanisms in the inner wall were systematically investigated through X-ray dif- fraction,scanning electron microscopy,and electron probe microanalysis.It is found that the major controlling factor during the carbu- rizing process varies from diffusion control to diffusion and surface reaction integrated control.In general,the diffusion process is ac- companied by heterogeneous or multiphase reactions.Compared with the original microstructure and morphology,several newly formed zones appear including bulk carbide scale on the external surface,subsurface depleted zone,lamellar carbide zone,regular geometric carbide zone,diffusion region and weakly affected region.All of these regions display a layering distribution including M,C,M,CMaC mixed zone and MaC.In addition,the formation of surface carbide scale promotes Cr depletion in the subsurface,leading to subse- quent depletion of chromium carbides:the cause of lamellar carbides is the low permeability of carbon in the high-nickel-chromium al- loy and the blocking effect of precipitates to diffusion. KEY WORDS heat resistant alloys;carburization:phase transition:carbides 高温裂解是工业上获得乙烯的主要工艺).近 上);加之,炉管内壁长期与含碳介质接触,活性碳 年来,乙烯裂解装置规模的不断扩大、乙烯收得率的 原子从含碳介质中分离出来渗入金属表面并向金属 不断提高及降低成本等方面的要求,使得裂解炉管 内部扩散,从而造成材料的碳化腐蚀P-).目前,高 材料的使用温度不断提高(目前已达1080℃及以 温炉管服役过程的失效大多源于服役过程的氧化及 收稿日期:201401一14 基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2012AA03A513) DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2014.10.005:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn第 36 卷 第 10 期 2014 年 10 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 36 No. 10 Oct. 2014 未服役 Cr35Ni45Nb 合金真空渗碳行为及相演化机理 彭以超1) ,张麦仓1) ,董建新1) ,杜晨阳2) 1) 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京 100083 2) 中国特种设备检测研究院,北京 100013  通信作者,E-mail: mczhang@ ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 采用乙炔真空渗碳工艺对未服役的 Cr35Ni45Nb 乙烯裂解炉管进行了加速渗碳处理,并采用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜、 定量电子探针等手段对渗碳前后炉管内壁的渗碳行为及相演化机理进行了系统分析. 结果表明: 炉管高温渗碳过程的主要控 制因素由初期的扩散控制逐渐变为扩散--表面反应综合控制; 渗碳过程属多元多相反应扩散范畴,炉管内侧横截面随渗碳深 度的不同依次出现了表面碳化物层、亚表层贫碳化物区、片层状碳化物层、规则几何碳化物区、扩散区、弱影响区等六个区域, 这六个区域共同组成了 M7C3、M7C3--M23C6混合区和 M23C6的三级垂直层状分布. 贫碳化物区的形成原因是表面碳化物层的 形成造成亚表层贫 Cr; 片层状碳化物的形成源于碳在高镍铬合金中的低渗透性以及析出物进一步的阻碍效应. 关键词 耐热合金; 渗碳; 相变; 碳化物 分类号 TG 156 High temperature vacuum carburization behaviors and phase evolution mechanisms of virgin as-cast Cr35Ni45Nb alloy PENG Yi-chao1) ,ZHANG Mai-cang1)  ,DONG Jian-xin1) ,DU Chen-yang2) 1) School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2) China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: mczhang@ ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT Virgin as-cast Cr35Ni45Nb tubes were carburized firstly by low-pressure vacuum carburizing at 1080 ℃ . Then the car￾burization behaviors and corresponding phase evolution mechanisms in the inner wall were systematically investigated through X-ray dif￾fraction,scanning electron microscopy,and electron probe microanalysis. It is found that the major controlling factor during the carbu￾rizing process varies from diffusion control to diffusion and surface reaction integrated control. In general,the diffusion process is ac￾companied by heterogeneous or multiphase reactions. Compared with the original microstructure and morphology,several newly formed zones appear including bulk carbide scale on the external surface,subsurface depleted zone,lamellar carbide zone,regular geometric carbide zone,diffusion region and weakly affected region. All of these regions display a layering distribution including M7C3,M7C3-M23C6 mixed zone and M23C6 . In addition,the formation of surface carbide scale promotes Cr depletion in the subsurface,leading to subse￾quent depletion of chromium carbides; the cause of lamellar carbides is the low permeability of carbon in the high-nickel-chromium al￾loy and the blocking effect of precipitates to diffusion. KEY WORDS heat resistant alloys; carburization; phase transition; carbides 收稿日期: 2014--01--14 基金项目: 国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目( 2012AA03A513) DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn1001--053x. 2014. 10. 005; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 高温裂解是工业上获得乙烯的主要工艺[1]. 近 年来,乙烯裂解装置规模的不断扩大、乙烯收得率的 不断提高及降低成本等方面的要求,使得裂解炉管 材料的使用温度不断提高( 目前已达 1080 ℃ 及以 上) ; 加之,炉管内壁长期与含碳介质接触,活性碳 原子从含碳介质中分离出来渗入金属表面并向金属 内部扩散,从而造成材料的碳化腐蚀[2 - 3]. 目前,高 温炉管服役过程的失效大多源于服役过程的氧化及
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