150 口长江师范学院学报 Predicament in Regional Development of Chongqing Wuling Mountain Area and the Way Out YANG Yuan-he Party School of CPC Q ian jian D istrict Com m ittee, Chongq ing 409000, China Abstract: W uling M ountain A rea in Chongq ing com prises seven districts and counties: Q ian jiang, Fengdu, W ubng, Shizhu, X lushan, Pengshui and Y ouyang. The predicam ent in the regional deve lopm ent lies in six aspects bottleneck in infrastructure, poor industrial supporting capacity, unstable agricu ltural foundation, weak com prehensive developm ent of advan tageous resources, bw qua lity of poverty-stricken population, and declining en trepreneurial spirit The outlet for the predicam ents shou ld lie in strengthen ing infrastructural construction follow ing the road of "green industry", energetica lly develop ing agricu lture with characteristics of m oun tainous area, strengthen ing tourist industry, enhancing laborers'quality, and enrich ing the connotation of "Q ian jiang Key words: W uling M ountain area in Chongqing: regional deve bpm ent; predicam ent and outlet Exploring the reasons Why Chieftains in Southeast Chongqing delayed Their Submission to Ming Dynasty XU Qiong School of H istory and Culture, Jishou U niversity, Jishou, H unan 416000, China) Abstract: Chieftains of Y ouyang, Y im ei, and P ingcha in sou theast Chongq ing were under the con trol of m ing Y uzhen regim e in late Y uan d ynasty and early M ing d ynasty fiom 1357 to 1371. It was not until 1372 that the chieftains subm itted them se lves successively to m ing d ynasty which was relatively later than the chieftains of the surround ing areas A fter careful anslysis, the writer of this article com es to the conchusion that the chieftains' delayed subm ission was cbsely related to Zhu Y uanzhang's operational principles and m ing Y uzhen's adm in istrative strategies. Key words: M ing D ynasty; ch ieftains of sou theast Chongqing: M ing Y uzhen regime Construction of Peoples Livelihood with Chinese Socialist Characteristics since the Reform and Opening-up VU Da-xun', DoU Meng-shuoz, SU Xian-qi a. School of E thnology and Sociobgy G uizhou University for N ationalities, G uiyang, G uizhou 550025; 2. X ingtai U niversity, X ingtai, H ebei 054001, China) Abstract: Peop les live lihood is cumently a m ost concemed issue as it is directly re lated to people fundam en tal interest The con tent of peop les live lihood varies w ith the tim es and is constan tly deve bped and enriched. E xp boring the construction of peop les live lihood w ith Chinese socia list characteristics since the refom and open ing-up w ill help us pay further atten tion to this issue and constantly im prove it. Key words: construction of peop le's live lihood; reform and open ing up: socialism w ith Chinese characteristics C1994-2013ChinaAcademicJOurnalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net□长江师范学院学报 Predicament in Regional Development of Chongqing Wuling Mountain Area and the Way Out YANG Yuan-he (Party School of CPC Qianjian District Committee, Chongqing 409000, China) Abstract: Wuling Mountain Area in Chongqing comprises seven districts and counties: Qianjiang, Fengdu, Wulong, Shizhu, Xiushan, Pengshui and Youyang. The predicament in the regional development lies in six aspects: bottleneck in infrastructure, poor industrial supporting capacity, unstable agricultural foundation, weak comprehensive development of advantageous resources, low quality of poverty-stricken population, and declining entrepreneurial spirit. The outlet for the predicaments should lie in strengthening infrastructural construction, follo wing the road of “ green industry”, energetically developing agriculture with characteristics of mountainous area, strengthening tourist industry, enhancing laborers’quality, and enriching the connotation of “ Qianjiang Spirit” . Key words: Wuling Mountain area in Chongqing; regional development; predicament and outlet Exploring the Reasons Why Chieftains in Southeast Chongqing Delayed Their Submission to Ming Dynasty XU Qiong (School of History and Culture, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China) Abstract: Chieftains of Youyang, Yimei, and Pingcha in southeast Chongqing were under the control of Ming Yuzhen regime in late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty from 1357 to 1371. It was not until 1372 that the chieftains submitted themselves successively to Ming Dynasty, which was relatively later than the chieftains of the surrounding areas. After careful anslysis, the writer of this article comes to the conclusion that the chieftains’ delayed submission was closely related to Zhu Yuanzhang’s operational principles and Ming Yuzhen’s administrative strategies. Key words: Ming Dynasty; chieftains of southeast Chongqing; Ming Yuzhen regime Construction of People’s Livelihood with Chinese Socialist Characteristics since the Reform and Opening-up WU Da-xun1 , DOU Meng-shuo2 , SU Xian-qi2 (1. School of Ethnology and Sociology, Guizhou University for Nationalities, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025; 2. Xingtai University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China) Abstract: People’s livelihood is currently a most concerned issue as it is directly related to people’s fundamental interest. The content of people’s livelihood varies with the times and is constantly developed and enriched. Exploring the construction of people’s livelihood with Chinese socialist characteristics since the reform and opening-up will help us pay further attention to this issue and constantly improve it. Key words: construction of people’s livelihood; reform and opening up; socialism with Chinese characteristics 150