Scope of Development Efforts Hewlett- Stanley Tools Packard Jobmaste Rollerblade DeskJet Volkswagen Boeing 777 Screwdriver In-line Skate Printer New Beetle Airplane Production [units/year] 100.000 100.000 4 million 100.000 50 Volume Sales Lifetime [years] 40 3 2 6 30 Sales Price [USD] 3 200 300 17.000 130 million Number of uniqie Parts [part numbers] 35 200 10.000 130.000 Development Time [years] 2 1.5 3.5 4.5 Internal Devel. Team [peak size] 3 5 100 800 6.800 External Devel. 3 800 10.000 Team [peak size] 10 75 Development Cost [USD] 150,000 750.000 50 million 400 million 3 billion Production [USD] 150,000 1 million 25 million 500 million 3 billion Investment Source:PDD 2008,U&E 上文通大学 安泰经济与管理学院 Massachusetts Institute of Antal College of Economics&Managemert Shanghal Joo Tong University Technology