王建民美国地方政府绩效考评实践与经验 111 第五,措施得力,实施有效。好的计划,好的方案,只有通过好的落实措施,才能够变成理想的现实 为了实施好绩效考评工作,费尔法克斯县在六年时间(1998-2004),八次再版普及版《绩效考评手册》,并 编辑《数据收集手册》和高级版《绩效考评手册》,供参与绩效考评工作的人员学习、查阅,供专业人员参考 同时,对参加数据收集、处理等关键环节的人员,进行反复培训。实施措施比较得力,想必效果良好。 政府绩效考评硏究和实践,在中国刚刚起步。了解国外经验很有必要。了解是为了借鉴,不是照搬 制度环境的差异,往往会使洋制度水土不服、无法生根[91(p45)。以费尔法克斯县为例概括的美国地方政 府绩效考评经验,应该具有一定参考价值。最后,还希望向大家贡献一条信息:美国佛罗里达中央大学 ( University of Central Florida)的一位学者,专门研究了绩效考评对美国地方政府产生的影响。结论要点 是:(1)绩效考评有助于政府行政当局实现服务目标、完成预期项目和落实战略规划;(2)绩效考评有助于 经营者发现日常管理中的问题并找到解决问题的答案;(3)有部分立法者关注绩效考评工作;(4)被调查的 大多数城市中的公众,对绩效考评不感兴趣;(5)大多数地方政府,没有把绩效考评结果作为配置资源的依 据 10](P26-43) 参考文献] []镁〕吴量福.运作决策、信息与应急管理[M]天津:天 uary,2005. 津人民出版社,2004 [6 Performance Measurement Team Department of Ma- [2]镁〕文森特·奥斯特罗姆,等.美国地方政府[M].井 agement and Budget 2004. Fairfax County Measures for 敏,陈幽泓译.北京:北京大学出版社,2004 Results: A Guide to Advanced Performance Measure- [3]暎〕简·莱恩.新公共管理[M]赵成根,等译北京:中 ment[M]. From Harvard University Library e.re- 国青年出版社,2004 [4 Department of Management Budget, Fairfax Coun- ernment, Harvard University y, Virginia, the usa. Fairfax County Measures Up:A[7]王建民战略管理学[M]北京经济科学出版社2003 Manual for performance measurement[M]. Eighth Ed[8]王建民,等国际视野与中国国情的融合—哈佛16位 n, 2004. From Harvard University Library e-re" 学人的中国梦[C]北京:北京出版社,200 sources, in January,2005, at Kennedy School of Gov-[9]刘世昕中国政府绩效评估体系面世33指标将评政府 ernment, Harvard University 绩效[N]中国青年报,2004-08-02 [5 Performance Measurement Team, Department of Man- [ 10] Xiaohu Wang Assessing Performance Measurement gement and Budget 2004. Fairfax County Manual for Impact: A Study of U. S. Local GovernmentsUJI Data Collection for Performance Measurement [M Public Performance Management Review. Vol From Harvard University Library e- reso urces, in Jan- No. 1, September 2002 (责任编辑胡敏中责任校对蒋重跃胡敏中) Performance Measurement in Local American Governments: Practice and Ex perience plar of Fa irfax County, vi WANGJian- min Abstract: The performance- measuring practices by Fairfax County, Virginia, are representative of Ar tical experience, from the perspective of a Chinese scholar, may be summarized into five key points: (i)definite destination with full driving power, (ii) reasonable organization under rigid institutions, (iii)orderly process in scientific met hodology (iv)a family of simple and practical indexes, and (v)powerful implementation in higher efficiency. Yet it must be acknowl- dged that these experiences are merely for reference, not for copy Key words performance measurement; local American government; performances of government departments; Ameri- can experience 2010042009ChinaAcademicjOurnalElectronicPublishinghOuse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net第五 ,措施得力 ,实施有效。好的计划 ,好的方案 ,只有通过好的落实措施 ,才能够变成理想的现实。 为了实施好绩效考评工作 ,费尔法克斯县在六年时间(1998 - 2004) ,八次再版普及版《绩效考评手册》,并 编辑《数据收集手册》和高级版《绩效考评手册》,供参与绩效考评工作的人员学习、查阅 ,供专业人员参考。 同时 ,对参加数据收集、处理等关键环节的人员 ,进行反复培训。实施措施比较得力 ,想必效果良好。 政府绩效考评研究和实践 ,在中国刚刚起步。了解国外经验很有必要。了解是为了借鉴 ,不是照搬。 制度环境的差异 ,往往会使洋制度水土不服、无法生根[ 9 ] ( P4 - 5) 。以费尔法克斯县为例概括的美国地方政 府绩效考评经验 ,应该具有一定参考价值。最后 ,还希望向大家贡献一条信息 :美国佛罗里达中央大学 (University of Central Florida) 的一位学者 ,专门研究了绩效考评对美国地方政府产生的影响。结论要点 是 : (1) 绩效考评有助于政府行政当局实现服务目标、完成预期项目和落实战略规划 ; (2) 绩效考评有助于 经营者发现日常管理中的问题并找到解决问题的答案 ; (3) 有部分立法者关注绩效考评工作 ; (4) 被调查的 大多数城市中的公众 ,对绩效考评不感兴趣 ; (5) 大多数地方政府 ,没有把绩效考评结果作为配置资源的依 据[ 10 ] (P26 - 43) 。 [参考文献] [1 ]〔美〕吴量福. 运作、决策、信息与应急管理[ M ]. 天津 :天 津人民出版社 ,2004. [2 ]〔美〕文森特 ·奥斯特罗姆 ,等. 美国地方政府[ M ]. 井 敏 ,陈幽泓译. 北京 :北京大学出版社 ,2004. [3 ]〔英〕简 ·莱恩. 新公共管理[ M ]. 赵成根 ,等译. 北京 :中 国青年出版社 ,2004. [4 ] Department of Management & Budget , Fairfax Coun2 ty ,Virginia ,the USA. Fairfax County Measures Up : A Manual for Performance Measurement[ M]. Eighth Edi2 tion , 2004. From Harvard University Library e - re2 sources , in J anuary , 2005 , at Kennedy School of Gov2 ernment , Harvard University. [5 ] Performance Measurement Team ,Department of Man2 agement and Budget 2004. Fairfax County Manual for Data Collection for Performance Measurement [ M ]. From Harvard University Library e - resources , in J an2 uary , 2005. [6 ] Performance Measurement Team Department of Man2 agement and Budget 2004. Fairfax County Measures for Results: A Guide to Advanced Performance Measure2 ment [ M ]. From Harvard University Library e - re2 sources , in J anuary , 2005 , at Kennedy School of Gov2 ernment , Harvard University. [7 ]王建民. 战略管理学[ M]. 北京 :经济科学出版社 ,2003. [8 ]王建民 ,等. 国际视野与中国国情的融合 ———哈佛 16 位 学人的中国梦[C]. 北京 :北京出版社 ,2005. [9 ]刘世昕. 中国政府绩效评估体系面世 33 指标将评政府 绩效[ N ]. 中国青年报 , 2004 - 08 - 02. [ 10 ] Xiaohu Wang1 Assessing Performance Measurement Impact : A Study of U. S. Local Governments [J ]. Public Performance & Management Review , Vol. 26 No. 1 , September 2002. (责任编辑 胡敏中 责任校对 蒋重跃 胡敏中) Performance Measurement in Local American Governments : Practice and Experience : An Examplar of Fairfax County , Virginia WAN G Jian - min (School of Management , BNU , Beijing 100875 , China) Abstract :The performance - measuring practices by Fairfax County , Virginia , are representative of America. The prac2 tical experience , from the perspective of a Chinese scholar , may be summarized into five key points: (i) definite destination with full driving power , (ii) reasonable organization under rigid institutions , (iii) orderly process in scientific methodology , (iv) a family of simple and practical indexes , and (v) powerful implementation in higher efficiency. Yet it must be acknowl2 edged that these experiences are merely for reference , not for copy. Key words :performance measurement ; local American government ; performances of government departments; Ameri2 can experience 王建民 美国地方政府绩效考评 :实践与经验 111