Dean MacCannell等I《旅游者：休闲阶层的新理论》与现代性的民族志者：Dean MacCannell访谈录 第33卷2018年第12期 The Tourist:A New Theory of the Leisure Class and Ethnographer of Modernity: An Interview with Dean MacCannell Dean MacCannell',ZHAO Hongmei? (1.Environmental Design Landscape Architecture,University of California.Davis 95616,U.S.A: 2.Tourism and Geography Science School,Yunnan Normal University.Kunming 650500,China) Abstract:The Tourist:A New Theory of the Leisure Class(The Tourist)is one of the most influential works in Western tourism studies,long attracting the attention of researchers who have analyzed, criticized,rethought and used it in waves since its first publication in 1976.In particular,the chapter "Staged Authenticity"has been widely accepted as providing a leading theory of'authenticity'within the field.Author Dean MacCannell is an insightful sociologist,with extensive traveling experience, who chose to head off the beaten path and study the culture of self and modernity through researching tourists and tourism. However,the book has often been interpreted incorrectly,a result of misunderstanding of four basic aspects of the work.First,while MacCannell has always regarded The Tourist as an "ethnography of modernity,"many readers have thought of it as some kind of tourist study,hastily 'judging [the] book by its cover.'Second,MacCannell makes use of the conception of 'staged authenticity'to reveal the structuralizing of tourism spaces and tourist motives,but some have interpreted this as basically meaning extra earnings from 'tourism performance'and 'cultural reproduction.'Third,readers have overemphasized 'staged authenticity'while overlooking the importance of the chapter "Semiotic of Attraction";this has led to a narrow understanding which doesn't sufficiently consider MacCannell's point that "sightseeing is a ritual performed to the differentiations of society."Fourth,The Tourist is a sociological work that pursues a universal theory of society beyond meticulous empirical research and middle-level theory,but researchers in other fields have not fully grasped its broad sociological,and social theoretical,implications.In short,there has unfortunately been some lazy reading of The Tourist (taking sections out of context)while the work is actually highly unified and with an inherent logic. Aiming at the misunderstanding of'staged authenticity'in particular,Dean MacCannell has tried several times to provide correctives,including by writing three articles.But the results have been mixed,as readers from various backgrounds continue to take what they need from The Tourist in a narrow manner.Interestingly,though,such misreading may be considered dialectically constructive, because based on the conception of'staged authenticity'there has developed three popular discourses of'authenticity.The Chinese version of The Tourist was published in early 2008,but the work has been no better understood in China than in English-speaking countries.As in the U.S,the chapter 'staged authenticity'takes priority over the book's other sections as it is referenced overwhelmingly in Chinese tourism literature. All this propelled Zhao,the Chinese author of this piece,to propose an interview with Dean MacCannell grounded in two broad themes:the structure and theoretical approach of The Tourist,and the author's purpose in writing the book.These themes are subsequently addressed through discussion of several more specific issues:Dean MacCannell's educational background and intellectual development;the phenomenon of'differentiations of society';the misleading of'staged authenticity'; a discussion of some of the reviews of The Tourist;and the differences between sociology and anthropology.Professor Dean MacCannell responded these questions with great insight and elaboration,making the interview important and enlightening reading,and so highly worthy of translating into Chinese and sharing with Chinese readers. Keywords:'staged authenticity';differentiation;social structure;modernity;The Tourist:A New Theory ot the Leisure Class [责任编辑：吴巧红；责任校对：刘鲁] ·25· (C)1994-2020 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.netDean MacCannell 等 |《旅 游 者 ：休 闲 阶 层 的 新 理 论》与 现 代 性 的 民 族 志 者 ：Dean MacCannell 访 谈 录 第 33 卷 2018 年 第 12 期 The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class and Ethnographer of Modernity: An Interview with Dean MacCannell Dean MacCannell1 , ZHAO Hongmei2 (1. Environmental Design & Landscape Architecture, University of California, Davis 95616, U.S.A; 2. Tourism and Geography Science School, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China) Abstract: The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (The Tourist) is one of the most influential works in Western tourism studies, long attracting the attention of researchers who have analyzed, criticized, rethought and used it in waves since its first publication in 1976. In particular, the chapter “Staged Authenticity”has been widely accepted as providing a leading theory of‘authenticity’within the field. Author Dean MacCannell is an insightful sociologist, with extensive traveling experience, who chose to head off the beaten path and study the culture of self and modernity through researching tourists and tourism. However, the book has often been interpreted incorrectly, a result of misunderstanding of four basic aspects of the work. First, while MacCannell has always regarded The Tourist as an“ethnography of modernity,”many readers have thought of it as some kind of tourist study, hastily‘judging [the] book by its cover.’Second, MacCannell makes use of the conception of‘staged authenticity’to reveal the structuralizing of tourism spaces and tourist motives, but some have interpreted this as basically meaning extra earnings from‘tourism performance’and‘cultural reproduction.’Third, readers have overemphasized‘staged authenticity’while overlooking the importance of the chapter“Semiotic of Attraction”; this has led to a narrow understanding which doesn’t sufficiently consider MacCannell’s point that“sightseeing is a ritual performed to the differentiations of society.”Fourth, The Tourist is a sociological work that pursues a universal theory of society beyond meticulous empirical research and middle-level theory, but researchers in other fields have not fully grasped its broad sociological, and social theoretical, implications. In short, there has unfortunately been some lazy reading of The Tourist (taking sections out of context) while the work is actually highly unified and with an inherent logic. Aiming at the misunderstanding of‘staged authenticity’in particular, Dean MacCannell has tried several times to provide correctives, including by writing three articles. But the results have been mixed, as readers from various backgrounds continue to take what they need from The Tourist in a narrow manner. Interestingly, though, such misreading may be considered dialectically constructive, because based on the conception of‘staged authenticity’there has developed three popular discourses of‘authenticity. The Chinese version of The Tourist was published in early 2008, but the work has been no better understood in China than in English- speaking countries. As in the U.S, the chapter‘staged authenticity’takes priority over the book’s other sections as it is referenced overwhelmingly in Chinese tourism literature. All this propelled Zhao, the Chinese author of this piece, to propose an interview with Dean MacCannell grounded in two broad themes: the structure and theoretical approach of The Tourist, and the author’s purpose in writing the book. These themes are subsequently addressed through discussion of several more specific issues: Dean MacCannell’s educational background and intellectual development; the phenomenon of‘differentiations of society’; the misleading of‘staged authenticity’; a discussion of some of the reviews of The Tourist; and the differences between sociology and anthropology. Professor Dean MacCannell responded these questions with great insight and elaboration, making the interview important and enlightening reading, and so highly worthy of translating into Chinese and sharing with Chinese readers. Keywords:‘staged authenticity’; differentiation; social structure; modernity; The Tourist: A New Theory ot the Leisure Class [责任编辑：吴巧红；责任校对：刘 鲁] ⋅ 25 ⋅