Platform2 and the CancerHSP Database2 Twenty potential compounds with OB 30%, DL 20.18 or HL 4 were selected. Additionally, three compounds in the CancerhSP database with potential anti-cancer activities and ob 30% were also selected as candidate compounds for further analysis. Duplicate compounds in the two databases were eliminated, yielding 23 readily-absorbed compounds from a total of 40 compounds. The satisfied compounds are presented in Supplementary Table SI Target prediction and functional analysis. Generally, TCMs could prevent diseases through synergistic effects of different compounds and targets. Therefore, the potential therapeutic targets of the multiple compounds were important for its synergistic effects. After eliminating six additional compounds without targets, 190 targets in the database were assembled and ranked for 17 components contained in O sinensis. Detailed enrichment analysis and functional pathway classification showed that the bioactive components were involved in several cellular events, including signal transduction and cell differentiation( Figure 2a and Supplementary Table $2) Network construction. O. sinensis exerts extensive biological and pharmacological effects through multiple compound and target interactions. To understand these effects at the systemic level, a compound-target network was constructed based on the candidate components and targets. Figure 2b shows the results of the compound-target-function network, which consisted of 17 compounds, 190 candidate targets and seven functional annotations. The results displayed an average degree of 9.4 per compound and 3. 8 per target protein, respective relationships between compounds and targets, as shown in Figure 2c, the5 Platform28 and the CancerHSP Database29. Twenty potential compounds with OB ≥ 30%, DL ≥ 0.18 or HL ≥ 4 were selected. Additionally, three compounds in the CancerHSP database with potential anti-cancer activities and OB ≥ 30% were also selected as candidate compounds for further analysis. Duplicate compounds in the two databases were eliminated, yielding 23 readily-absorbed compounds from a total of 40 compounds. The satisfied compounds are presented in Supplementary Table S1. Target prediction and functional analysis. Generally, TCMs could prevent diseases through synergistic effects of different compounds and targets. Therefore, the potential therapeutic targets of the multiple compounds were important for its synergistic effects. After eliminating six additional compounds without targets, 190 targets in the database were assembled and ranked for 17 components contained in O. sinensis. Detailed enrichment analysis and functional pathway classification showed that the bioactive components were involved in several cellular events, including signal transduction and cell differentiation (Figure 2a and Supplementary Table S2). Network construction. O. sinensis exerts extensive biological and pharmacological effects through multiple compound and target interactions. To understand these effects at the systemic level, a compound-target network was constructed based on the candidate components and targets30. Figure 2b shows the results of the compound-target-function network, which consisted of 17 compounds, 190 candidate targets and seven functional annotations. The results displayed an average degree of 9.4 per compound and 3.8 per target protein, respectively. With regard to the relationships between compounds and targets, as shown in Figure 2c, the