L8 Explanation the Methodology have observed slower walking during cell phone conversations(e.g.,[Hatfield and Murphy,2007]and [Nasar et al.,2008]). [The remainder of the Discussion section has been omitted.] III.Language Focus:Evaluative language According to Hyland's 2004 study of 160 book reviews from eight disciplines---Cell Biology,Electrical Engineering,Mechanical Engineering,Physics, Marketing,Applied Linguistics,Philosophy,and Sociology,some evaluative terms cut across several disciplines,while others have preferred status in one or two.Here is a summary of his findings of frequently used evaluative words: Adjectives in all disciplines:useful,important,interesting ·Nouns in the“soft”fields:clarity,accessibility Adjectives in the hard sciences:detailed,up-to-date On a more specific level,philosophers and applied linguists often described books as detailed,while philosophers and marketing specialists praised books for being insightful and significant.Books in Engineering were commended for being comprehensive and practical.Of course,not all evaluation is positive.For all fields the most common negative adjective was difficult.In the softer fields,books were criticized for being inconsistent,restricted,and misleading (Swales Feak,2014). IV.Reading and Writing the Methodology 1.Methods and Material Read the following passages on methods and material to answer the questions below. 1)What makes Methodology writing important? 2)How much detailed should the Methodology be?And in what order should it be written? 3)How much writing on materials should there be in the Methodology? 4)What is the structure of Methodology used in your research field? 1.1 Methods How the research was accomplished A description of methods used is key to evaluating the significance of the research accomplished.If faulty procedures are used,obviously the results are questionable.You want therefore to convince your readers that you have used a sound methodology; In case of a new method or an unusual application of an older method,the description and justification may be as important as or more important than the results obtained. A"rule"of the scientific method states that the results based on the method must be reproducible,thus the method used must be described in sufficient detail. First give the preconditions necessary for applying the method.Describe preparations,if any,for performing the method.For example,describe the criteria for selecting specimens or subjects and how you assigned them to either the experimental 4/10L8 Explanation & the Methodology 4 / 10 have observed slower walking during cell phone conversations (e.g., [Hatfield and Murphy, 2007] and [Nasar et al., 2008]). [The remainder of the Discussion section has been omitted.] III. Language Focus: Evaluative language According to Hyland’s 2004 study of 160 book reviews from eight disciplines---Cell Biology, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Marketing, Applied Linguistics, Philosophy, and Sociology, some evaluative terms cut across several disciplines, while others have preferred status in one or two. Here is a summary of his findings of frequently used evaluative words:  Adjectives in all disciplines: useful, important, interesting  Nouns in the “soft” fields: clarity, accessibility  Adjectives in the hard sciences: detailed, up-to-date On a more specific level, philosophers and applied linguists often described books as detailed, while philosophers and marketing specialists praised books for being insightful and significant. Books in Engineering were commended for being comprehensive and practical. Of course, not all evaluation is positive. For all fields the most common negative adjective was dif icult. In the softer fields, books were criticized for being inconsistent, restricted, and misleading (Swales & Feak, 2014). IV. Reading and Writing the Methodology 1. Methods and Material Read the following passages on methods and material to answer the questions below. 1) What makes Methodology writing important? 2) How much detailed should the Methodology be? And in what order should it be written? 3) How much writing on materials should there be in the Methodology? 4) What is the structure of Methodology used in your research field? 1.1 Methods = How the research was accomplished  A description of methods used is key to evaluating the significance of the research accomplished. If faulty procedures are used, obviously the results are questionable. You want therefore to convince your readers that you have used a sound methodology;  In case of a new method or an unusual application of an older method, the description and justification may be as important as or more important than the results obtained.  A “rule” of the scientific method states that the results based on the method must be reproducible, thus the method used must be described in sufficient detail. First give the preconditions necessary for applying the method. Describe preparations, if any, for performing the method. For example, describe the criteria for selecting specimens or subjects and how you assigned them to either the experimental