whom many business deal can be made. Indeed, the Schneiders suggest that it often contradicts notions of public welfare and legal norms. Thus, it was part of model of broker capitalists who remained economically active and influential in W. Sicily through the expanding modern world system and the influence of Spanish occupation. Colonies of the Spanish Empire were governed by a weak and ineffective central government whose interests were often at odds with the rising trends of a capitalist world system. Many times private and state interests were in stark contrast in terms of wealth and power. Government interests were constantly circumvented by individual fraud, deceit, cunning, and self-interest. Second, honor refers to the worth of someone as judged by others. One's virtue, dignity, morality, and status constitute the honor of that person. Honor is linked to prestige and to inequality. Rural entrepreneurs were specialists in honor. They were upwardly mobile, striving for wealth, power and position, and thus aware of the etiquettes of proper behavior. However, mafiosi were also men of power with more than the usual access to violent means. Thus, their reaction to the problem of honor was more aggressive and less defensive and passive. Third is friendship. Until the late 19 century, the interior of w. Sicily was severely underdeveloped. Roads between towns were scarce. Police and government limited their influence to urban areas. Markets and commercial centers were also restricted to urban areas. In order to do business, friendship was necessary to create ties between the farmers of large estates, the latifundists, and their administrative counterparts in the massaria. Friendship thus defined commercial connections and networks of exchange in western Sicily. Chiefdoms: According to Robert Carneiro, chiefdoms are a critically import cultural type, representing multi community political units. They are the first step in political organization beyond the village or single community, the first transcending of local autonomy in human history, " which occurred in the past 7500 years. This was the beginning of the process political development and evolution that produced states and empires In 1970, Irving Goldman compared a number of Polynesian societies in order to understand the role of political elites and aristocracies in the development of civilization. He concluded that aristocracies were a fundamental theme in Polynesian political culture. He concluded from his study that aristocracies represented a fundamental building block of all of the worlds great complex societies, including states and empires. In Goldman's view, the underlying principle of aristocracy is a recognition in the "inherent superiority of a line of descent. Societies with chiefdoms were preeminently kinship societies because they used genealogical principles to any of the domestic-scale societies identified as tribes or even the more simple band cally than determine personal rank, prestige, and political leadership far most often and systematically than Making a comparison between leadership based on pragmatic, utilitarian, and ad hoc principles -as is the case in aboriginal Australia, in Amazonia, and among East African cattle peoples and Pacific Islander leadership based on aristocracy, Goldman found that utilitarian leadership lacks continuity because it is limited to the personal qualities of individuals and specific crisis situations. The aristocratic approach, on the other hand, bases its position on genealogy and religious authority and does not need to prove himself.(Religion and mythology play supporting