第29卷第6期 半导体学报 Vol.29 No.6 2008年6月 JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTORS June,2008 Analysis and Design of a Quadrature Down-Conversion Mixer for UHF RFID Readers* Ni Ronghua,Tan Xi,Tang Zhangwen',and Min Hao (ASIC System State Key Laboratory.Fudan University.Shanghai 201203.China) Abstract:A quadrature mixer with a shared transconductor stage is analyzed,including voltage conversion gain.linearity. noise figure,and image rejection.The analysis indicates it has better performance than a conventional Gilbert mixer pair in commutating mode.A quadrature down-conversion mixer based on this topology is designed and optimized for an ultra high frequency RFID reader.Operating in the 915MHz ISM band.the presented quadrature mixer measures a conversion gain of 12.5dB,an IIP3 of 10dBm,an IIP2 of 58dBm,and an SSB noise figure of 17.6dB.The chip was fabricated in a 0.18um 1P6M RF CMOS process and consumes only 3mA of current from a 1.8V power supply. Key words:quadrature mixer;shared transconductor stage:RFID reader:CMOS:low power:high linearity EEACC:1250 CLC number:TN43 Document code:A Article ID:0253-4177(2008)06-1128-08 The direct-conversion architecture is a viable solution 1 Introduction due to its low complexity and good performance.As a key block in the receiver,the performance of the As part of the general identification procedure,quadrature down-conversion mixer dominates the dy- radio frequency identification (RFID)systems are namic range of the whole receiver.On one hand,the becoming indispensable in manufacturing,purchasing,linearity of the receiver front-end is limited by that of transportation,etc.However,almost all the RFID the down-conversion mixer[2],and,in the presence of readers on the market today are composed of discrete adjacent channel interference from other readers, devices,which lead to bad portability and high cost both the second-order and third-order inter-modula- and,thus,are a primary obstacle to popularization.tion of the mixer should be suppressed.On the other Fortunately,the remarkable development of the hand,the direct-conversion architecture requires the CMOS process enables the integration of a wireless down-conversion mixer to be almost free of flicker transceiver on a single chip,which greatly reduces the noise,which is also problematic.Furthermore,power volume,cost,and power consumption.In fact,the sin-consumption and chip area are expected to be small in gle chip reader is now a promising and hot research view of low cost. topic in both industry and universities. In this paper,a quadrature down-conversion mix- A direct-conversion receiver for an ultra high er with a shared transconductor stage for the UHF frequency (UHF)single-chip reader based on EPC-RFID reader application is analyzed,designed,and global Class-1 Gen-2 is illustrated in Fig.1.fabricated. TX IF amplifier LPF Block D图 ADC R Antenna rejecting LNA RX Divide LNA by-2 PLL RF BPF 90° 2LO Circulator or 之 408 ADC Ro directional coupler Fig.1 A direct-conversion receiver architecture for UHF RFID reader Projcct supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2007AA01Z282) t Corresponding author.Email:zwtang@fudan.edu.cn Received 19 December 2007.revised manuscript received 31 January 2008 2008 Chinese Institute of Electronics第２９卷 第６期 ２００８年６月 半 导 体 学 报 犑犗犝犚犖犃犔犗犉犛犈犕犐犆犗犖犇犝犆犜犗犚犛 犞狅犾．２９ 犖狅．６ 犑狌狀犲，２００８ 犘狉狅犼犲犮狋狊狌狆狆狅狉狋犲犱犫狔狋犺犲犖犪狋犻狅狀犪犾犎犻犵犺犜犲犮犺狀狅犾狅犵狔犚犲狊犲犪狉犮犺犪狀犱犇犲狏犲犾狅狆犿犲狀狋犘狉狅犵狉犪犿狅犳犆犺犻狀犪（犖狅．２００７犃犃０１犣２８２） 犆狅狉狉犲狊狆狅狀犱犻狀犵犪狌狋犺狅狉．犈犿犪犻犾：狕狑狋犪狀犵＠犳狌犱犪狀．犲犱狌．犮狀 犚犲犮犲犻狏犲犱１９犇犲犮犲犿犫犲狉２００７，狉犲狏犻狊犲犱犿犪狀狌狊犮狉犻狆狋狉犲犮犲犻狏犲犱３１犑犪狀狌犪狉狔２００８ ２００８犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犐狀狊狋犻狋狌狋犲狅犳犈犾犲犮狋狉狅狀犻犮狊 犃狀犪犾狔狊犻狊犪狀犱犇犲狊犻犵狀狅犳犪犙狌犪犱狉犪狋狌狉犲犇狅狑狀犆狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犕犻狓犲狉 犳狅狉犝犎犉犚犉犐犇犚犲犪犱犲狉狊 犖犻犚狅狀犵犺狌犪，犜犪狀犡犻，犜犪狀犵犣犺犪狀犵狑犲狀，犪狀犱犕犻狀犎犪狅 （犃犛犐犆牔犛狔狊狋犲犿犛狋犪狋犲犓犲狔犔犪犫狅狉犪狋狅狉狔，犉狌犱犪狀犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔，犛犺犪狀犵犺犪犻 ２０１２０３，犆犺犻狀犪） 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋：犃狇狌犪犱狉犪狋狌狉犲犿犻狓犲狉狑犻狋犺犪狊犺犪狉犲犱狋狉犪狀狊犮狅狀犱狌犮狋狅狉狊狋犪犵犲犻狊犪狀犪犾狔狕犲犱，犻狀犮犾狌犱犻狀犵狏狅犾狋犪犵犲犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犵犪犻狀，犾犻狀犲犪狉犻狋狔， 狀狅犻狊犲犳犻犵狌狉犲，犪狀犱犻犿犪犵犲狉犲犼犲犮狋犻狅狀．犜犺犲犪狀犪犾狔狊犻狊犻狀犱犻犮犪狋犲狊犻狋犺犪狊犫犲狋狋犲狉狆犲狉犳狅狉犿犪狀犮犲狋犺犪狀犪犮狅狀狏犲狀狋犻狅狀犪犾犌犻犾犫犲狉狋犿犻狓犲狉狆犪犻狉犻狀 犮狅犿犿狌狋犪狋犻狀犵犿狅犱犲．犃狇狌犪犱狉犪狋狌狉犲犱狅狑狀犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀 犿犻狓犲狉犫犪狊犲犱狅狀狋犺犻狊狋狅狆狅犾狅犵狔犻狊犱犲狊犻犵狀犲犱犪狀犱狅狆狋犻犿犻狕犲犱犳狅狉犪狀狌犾狋狉犪 犺犻犵犺犳狉犲狇狌犲狀犮狔犚犉犐犇狉犲犪犱犲狉．犗狆犲狉犪狋犻狀犵犻狀狋犺犲９１５犕犎狕犐犛犕犫犪狀犱，狋犺犲狆狉犲狊犲狀狋犲犱狇狌犪犱狉犪狋狌狉犲犿犻狓犲狉犿犲犪狊狌狉犲狊犪犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀 犵犪犻狀狅犳１２５犱犅，犪狀犐犐犘３狅犳１０犱犅犿，犪狀犐犐犘２狅犳５８犱犅犿，犪狀犱犪狀犛犛犅狀狅犻狊犲犳犻犵狌狉犲狅犳１７６犱犅．犜犺犲犮犺犻狆狑犪狊犳犪犫狉犻犮犪狋犲犱犻狀犪 ０１８μ犿１犘６犕 犚犉犆犕犗犛狆狉狅犮犲狊狊犪狀犱犮狅狀狊狌犿犲狊狅狀犾狔３犿犃狅犳犮狌狉狉犲狀狋犳狉狅犿犪１８犞狆狅狑犲狉狊狌狆狆犾狔． 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊：狇狌犪犱狉犪狋狌狉犲犿犻狓犲狉；狊犺犪狉犲犱狋狉犪狀狊犮狅狀犱狌犮狋狅狉狊狋犪犵犲；犚犉犐犇狉犲犪犱犲狉；犆犕犗犛；犾狅狑狆狅狑犲狉；犺犻犵犺犾犻狀犲犪狉犻狋狔 犈犈犃犆犆：１２５０ 犆犔犆狀狌犿犫犲狉：犜犖４３ 犇狅犮狌犿犲狀狋犮狅犱犲：犃 犃狉狋犻犮犾犲犐犇：０２５３４１７７（２００８）０６１１２８０８ １ 犐狀狋狉狅犱狌犮狋犻狅狀 犃狊狆犪狉狋狅犳狋犺犲犵犲狀犲狉犪犾犻犱犲狀狋犻犳犻犮犪狋犻狅狀狆狉狅犮犲犱狌狉犲， 狉犪犱犻狅犳狉犲狇狌犲狀犮狔犻犱犲狀狋犻犳犻犮犪狋犻狅狀 （犚犉犐犇）狊狔狊狋犲犿狊犪狉犲 犫犲犮狅犿犻狀犵犻狀犱犻狊狆犲狀狊犪犫犾犲犻狀犿犪狀狌犳犪犮狋狌狉犻狀犵，狆狌狉犮犺犪狊犻狀犵， 狋狉犪狀狊狆狅狉狋犪狋犻狅狀，犲狋犮．犎狅狑犲狏犲狉，犪犾犿狅狊狋犪犾犾狋犺犲 犚犉犐犇 狉犲犪犱犲狉狊狅狀狋犺犲犿犪狉犽犲狋狋狅犱犪狔犪狉犲犮狅犿狆狅狊犲犱狅犳犱犻狊犮狉犲狋犲 犱犲狏犻犮犲狊，狑犺犻犮犺犾犲犪犱狋狅犫犪犱狆狅狉狋犪犫犻犾犻狋狔犪狀犱犺犻犵犺犮狅狊狋 犪狀犱，狋犺狌狊，犪狉犲犪狆狉犻犿犪狉狔狅犫狊狋犪犮犾犲狋狅狆狅狆狌犾犪狉犻狕犪狋犻狅狀． 犉狅狉狋狌狀犪狋犲犾狔，狋犺犲 狉犲犿犪狉犽犪犫犾犲 犱犲狏犲犾狅狆犿犲狀狋 狅犳 狋犺犲 犆犕犗犛狆狉狅犮犲狊狊犲狀犪犫犾犲狊狋犺犲犻狀狋犲犵狉犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犪 狑犻狉犲犾犲狊狊 狋狉犪狀狊犮犲犻狏犲狉狅狀犪狊犻狀犵犾犲犮犺犻狆，狑犺犻犮犺犵狉犲犪狋犾狔狉犲犱狌犮犲狊狋犺犲 狏狅犾狌犿犲，犮狅狊狋，犪狀犱狆狅狑犲狉犮狅狀狊狌犿狆狋犻狅狀．犐狀犳犪犮狋，狋犺犲狊犻狀 犵犾犲犮犺犻狆狉犲犪犱犲狉犻狊狀狅狑犪狆狉狅犿犻狊犻狀犵犪狀犱犺狅狋狉犲狊犲犪狉犮犺 狋狅狆犻犮犻狀犫狅狋犺犻狀犱狌狊狋狉狔犪狀犱狌狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋犻犲狊． 犃 犱犻狉犲犮狋犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀狉犲犮犲犻狏犲狉犳狅狉犪狀 狌犾狋狉犪 犺犻犵犺 犳狉犲狇狌犲狀犮狔 （犝犎犉）狊犻狀犵犾犲犮犺犻狆狉犲犪犱犲狉犫犪狊犲犱狅狀犈犘犆 犵犾狅犫犪犾犆犾犪狊狊１犌犲狀２狆狉狅狋狅犮狅犾［１］ 犻狊犻犾犾狌狊狋狉犪狋犲犱犻狀犉犻犵１． 犜犺犲犱犻狉犲犮狋犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犪狉犮犺犻狋犲犮狋狌狉犲犻狊犪狏犻犪犫犾犲狊狅犾狌狋犻狅狀 犱狌犲狋狅犻狋狊犾狅狑犮狅犿狆犾犲狓犻狋狔犪狀犱犵狅狅犱狆犲狉犳狅狉犿犪狀犮犲．犃狊犪 犽犲狔犫犾狅犮犽犻狀狋犺犲狉犲犮犲犻狏犲狉，狋犺犲 狆犲狉犳狅狉犿犪狀犮犲 狅犳狋犺犲 狇狌犪犱狉犪狋狌狉犲犱狅狑狀犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犿犻狓犲狉犱狅犿犻狀犪狋犲狊狋犺犲犱狔 狀犪犿犻犮狉犪狀犵犲狅犳狋犺犲狑犺狅犾犲狉犲犮犲犻狏犲狉．犗狀狅狀犲犺犪狀犱，狋犺犲 犾犻狀犲犪狉犻狋狔狅犳狋犺犲狉犲犮犲犻狏犲狉犳狉狅狀狋犲狀犱犻狊犾犻犿犻狋犲犱犫狔狋犺犪狋狅犳 狋犺犲犱狅狑狀犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犿犻狓犲狉［２］，犪狀犱，犻狀狋犺犲狆狉犲狊犲狀犮犲狅犳 犪犱犼犪犮犲狀狋犮犺犪狀狀犲犾犻狀狋犲狉犳犲狉犲狀犮犲 犳狉狅犿 狅狋犺犲狉狉犲犪犱犲狉狊， 犫狅狋犺狋犺犲狊犲犮狅狀犱狅狉犱犲狉犪狀犱狋犺犻狉犱狅狉犱犲狉犻狀狋犲狉犿狅犱狌犾犪 狋犻狅狀狅犳狋犺犲犿犻狓犲狉狊犺狅狌犾犱犫犲狊狌狆狆狉犲狊狊犲犱．犗狀狋犺犲狅狋犺犲狉 犺犪狀犱，狋犺犲犱犻狉犲犮狋犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犪狉犮犺犻狋犲犮狋狌狉犲狉犲狇狌犻狉犲狊狋犺犲 犱狅狑狀犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀 犿犻狓犲狉狋狅犫犲犪犾犿狅狊狋犳狉犲犲狅犳犳犾犻犮犽犲狉 狀狅犻狊犲，狑犺犻犮犺犻狊犪犾狊狅狆狉狅犫犾犲犿犪狋犻犮．犉狌狉狋犺犲狉犿狅狉犲，狆狅狑犲狉 犮狅狀狊狌犿狆狋犻狅狀犪狀犱犮犺犻狆犪狉犲犪犪狉犲犲狓狆犲犮狋犲犱狋狅犫犲狊犿犪犾犾犻狀 狏犻犲狑狅犳犾狅狑犮狅狊狋． 犐狀狋犺犻狊狆犪狆犲狉，犪狇狌犪犱狉犪狋狌狉犲犱狅狑狀犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀犿犻狓 犲狉狑犻狋犺犪狊犺犪狉犲犱狋狉犪狀狊犮狅狀犱狌犮狋狅狉狊狋犪犵犲犳狅狉狋犺犲 犝犎犉 犚犉犐犇 狉犲犪犱犲狉犪狆狆犾犻犮犪狋犻狅狀犻狊犪狀犪犾狔狕犲犱，犱犲狊犻犵狀犲犱，犪狀犱 犳犪犫狉犻犮犪狋犲犱． 犉犻犵．１ 犃犱犻狉犲犮狋犮狅狀狏犲狉狊犻狅狀狉犲犮犲犻狏犲狉犪狉犮犺犻狋犲犮狋狌狉犲犳狅狉犝犎犉犚犉犐犇狉犲犪犱犲狉