格的规定：银行没有任何权利或理由把储户的钱让伪造储户的支票取走。即使伪造得很巧妙，也不 能付款，因为银行有责任辨认出其储户的签名。因此，某些银行已采用把储户印在支票上的作法。 这种做法对储户毫无风险。如果因这种作法出现了伪造的话，受损失的将不是储户，而是银行。 Lesson13 The search for oil探寻石油 The deepest holes of all made for oil,and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet.But we not need to send men down to get the oil our,as we must with other mineral deposits.The holes are only borings,less than a foot in diameter.My particular experience is largely in oil,and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.When is has been decided where we are going to drill,we put up at the surface an oil derrick.It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle,and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom. The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached,so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit.It cuts a clean cylinder of rock,from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through.Once we get down to the oil,it usually flows to the surface because great pressure,either from or water,is pushing it.This pressure must be under control,and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe.We endeavour to avoid the old,romantic idea of a gusher,which wastes oil and gas.We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner. 参考译文 在所有洞穴中，为寻找石油所钻出的洞是最深的，这些洞可深达25,000英尺。但是，我们不 必像开采其他矿藏那样，把人送到地下去把石油取出。这些洞只不过是一些钻孔，直径不到1英 尺。我是专门搞石油的，寻找石油比其他任何采矿业对改进钻探作的贡献都要大。当确定钻孔地点 后，我们就在那里竖起一个井架。井架必须很高，因为它像一个巨型滑轮组。我们必须把很长的钻 杆一节节地钻入地下，然后再从地下拉出米。钻杆顶部安装的发动机带动钻杆旋转，它的底部装有 钻头。 地质学家需要知道钻头已以到达什么样的岩层，因此时常要用芯钻头取样。这种钻头能切割一 段光滑的圆柱形岩石，从中能看出所钻透的地层。一旦到达油层，石油就会由于地下巨大的压力流 到地面上来，这种巨大的压力来自地下天然气或水。这种压力必须加以控制，我们让泥桨顺着钻杆 向下循环，用这种方法来控制压力。我们尽量避免使用陈旧天真的喷井方法，那样会浪费石油和天 然气。我们要让石油留在井下，直到我们能用一种有控制的方法把它引上来为止。 Lesson14 The Butterfly Effect蝴蝶效应 Beyond two or three days,the world's best weather forecasts are speculative,and beyond six or seven they are worthless. The Butterfly Effect is the reason.For small pieces of weather--and to a global forecaster,small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards -any prediction deteriorates rapidly.Errors and uncertainties multiply,cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features,from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see. The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart,and even so,some starting data has to guessed,since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart,rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere.Suppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature,pressure,humidity,and any other quantity a meteorologist would want.Precisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01,then 12.02,then 12.03...格的规定：银行没有任何权利或理由把储户的钱让伪造储户的支票取走。即使伪造得很巧妙，也不 能付款，因为银行有责任辨认出其储户的签名。因此，某些银行已采用把储户印在支票上的作法。 这种做法对储户毫无风险。如果因这种作法出现了伪造的话，受损失的将不是储户，而是银行。 Lesson 13 The search for oil 探寻石油 The deepest holes of all made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. But we not need to send men down to get the oil our, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When is has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom. The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so of ten a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, f rom which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either f rom or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it of f in a controlled manner. 参考译文 在所有洞穴中，为寻找石油所钻出的洞是最深的，这些洞可深达 25,000 英尺。但是，我们不 必像开采其他矿藏那样，把人送到地下去把石油取出。这些洞只不过是一些钻孔，直径不到 1 英 尺。我是专门搞石油的，寻找石油比其他任何采矿业对改进钻探作的贡献都要大。当确定钻孔地点 后，我们就在那里竖起一个井架。井架必须很高，因为它像一个巨型滑轮组。我们必须把很长的钻 杆一节节地钻入地下，然后再从地下拉出来。钻杆顶部安装的发动机带动钻杆旋转，它的底部装有 钻头。 地质学家需要知道钻头已以到达什么样的岩层，因此时常要用芯钻头取样。这种钻头能切割一 段光滑的圆柱形岩石，从中能看出所钻透的地层。一旦到达油层，石油就会由于地下巨大的压力流 到地面上来，这种巨大的压力来自地下天然气或水。这种压力必须加以控制，我们让泥桨顺着钻杆 向下循环，用这种方法来控制压力。我们尽量避免使用陈旧天真的喷井方法，那样会浪费石油和天 然气。我们要让石油留在井下，直到我们能用一种有控制的方法把它引上来为止。 Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效应 Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless. The Butterfly Ef fect is the reason. For small pieces of weather -- and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards -- any prediction deteriorates rapidly. Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, f rom dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see. The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, pressure, humidity, and any other quantity a meteorologist would want. Precisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03