夏洞奇:十五世纪以前的世界 二、“黑暗的中世纪”? ①“中世纪”的两种形象 黯淡忧郁的形象~浪漫乐观的形象 误读“中世纪”的原因: 对宗教的成见:“民族主义”的成见;对“封建”的成见:“知识时差”。 ②定义“中世纪” 《大英百科全书》( Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition,2004) 对 The Middle ages”的解释 the period in European history from the collapse of roman civilization in the 5th century Ad to the period of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and on other factors) The term and its conventional meaning were introduced by italian humanists with invidious intent; the humanists were engaged in a revival of classical learning and culture, and the notion of a thousand-year period of darkness and igr separating them from the ancient Greek and Roman world served to highlight the humanists'own work and ideals In a sense, the humanists invented the Middle Ages in order to distinguish themselves from it. The Middle Ages nonetheless provided the foundation for th transformations of the humanists' own Renaissance..”(关键词以黑体标明) Early Mdde Ages Hgh Mda Ages I Late Middle Agefa Eurasia 图11-2:中世纪历史分期 ③“黑暗的中世纪”? 马克思主义的视角:更高的社会形态? 宗教的视角:基督教化全面深入的时代,“基督教社会”全面成形的时代 历史的视角:认识中世纪在物质和精神方面的辉煌成就: 西欧长期的人口增长; “中世纪农业革命”( ynn White) 以哥特式大教堂为代表的技术与艺术水平; 大学的起源,以“经院神学”为代表的理性主义学术… 蒂尔尼与佩因特:“如果不从中世纪的源头开始考查,当代西方文明的诸多方 面就无法理解”;“这是人类历史中伟大的时代之一。”(《西欧中世纪史·尾声》) 李隆国,《“黑暗时代”的消退与中古史研究的“认同性危机”》:文艺复兴时期,人文学 者在复兴古典文化的过程中,从语言、文学和艺术的角度来观察历史,认为“中世纪” ( medium aevum)是“黑暗”的:宗教改革时期的新教学者,认为中世纪天主教会是使徒教 会和新教教会之间的堕落期,因此这一时代就是“黑暗时代”;启蒙运动之后,作为历史夏洞奇:十五世纪以前的世界 3 二、“黑暗的中世纪”? ①“中世纪”的两种形象 黯淡忧郁的形象~浪漫乐观的形象 误读“中世纪”的原因: 对宗教的成见;“民族主义”的成见;对“封建”的成见;“知识时差”。 ②定义“中世纪” 《大英百科全书》(Encyclopædia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004) 对“The Middle Ages”的解释: “the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century AD to the period of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and on other factors). The term and its conventional meaning were introduced by Italian humanists with invidious intent; the humanists were engaged in a revival of classical learning and culture, and the notion of a thousand-year period of darkness and ignorance separating them from the ancient Greek and Roman world served to highlight the humanists’ own work and ideals. In a sense, the humanists invented the Middle Ages in order to distinguish themselves from it. The Middle Ages nonetheless provided the foundation for the transformations of the humanists' own Renaissance…” (关键词以黑体标明) 图 11-2:中世纪历史分期 ③“黑暗的中世纪”? 马克思主义的视角:更高的社会形态? 宗教的视角:基督教化全面深入的时代,“基督教社会”全面成形的时代 历史的视角:认识中世纪在物质和精神方面的辉煌成就: 西欧长期的人口增长; “中世纪农业革命”(Lynn White); 以哥特式大教堂为代表的技术与艺术水平; 大学的起源,以“经院神学”为代表的理性主义学术…… 蒂尔尼与佩因特:“如果不从中世纪的源头开始考查,当代西方文明的诸多方 面就无法理解”;“这是人类历史中伟大的时代之一。”(《西欧中世纪史·尾声》) 李隆国,《“黑暗时代”的消退与中古史研究的“认同性危机”》:文艺复兴时期,人文学 者在复兴古典文化的过程中,从语言、文学和艺术的角度来观察历史,认为“中世纪” (medium aevum)是“黑暗”的;宗教改革时期的新教学者,认为中世纪天主教会是使徒教 会和新教教会之间的堕落期,因此这一时代就是“黑暗时代”;启蒙运动之后,作为历史