pathway affected by temperature directly $ pathway affected by temperature indirectly Hormones Nerve Endothellum Neurotransmitters acetylcholine.or norepinephrine EDRF,etc h为 .Bind-membrane receptors AE (oonshichor) Enclothaliwm Change ion permeability Interact membrane G-protein Cell potential change or hyperpolarization or depolarization Activate enzyme adenylate (Guanylate)cyclase Ca2is pumped out of or enters the cell Ca2+is pumped back to or Formation or removal of cAMP,cGMP is released from the reticulum,etc Change concentration of Ca Bind or unbind calmodulin Activate myosin phosphatase Split the phosphate from the regulatory chain or phosphorylate the regulatory chain Cause contraction or dilation