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,1244. 北京科技大学学报 第31卷 1600 corrosion products formed on carbon steel after exposure to the open atmosphere in the Antarctic and Easter Island.Corros Sci. 1200 2000,42(4):753 [4]Cao C N.Enironmental Corrosion of Materials in China.Bei- ( jing:Chemical Industry Press,2005:90 g 800 (曹楚南.中国材料的自然环境腐蚀北京：化学工业出版社， 400 2005:90) [5]Mendoza A R.Corvo F.Outdoor and indoor atmospheric corro 0 sion of carbon steel.Corros Sci,1999,41(1):75 0 20 4060 80100 暴晒时间d [6]Arroyave C.Lopez F A.Morcillo M.The early atmospheric cor rosion stages of carbon steel in acidic fogs.Corros Sci,1995. 图9电荷转移电阻R,值随暴晒时间变化图 37(11):1751 Fig.9 Variation of R,of Q235 steel with exposure time [7]Asami K.Kikuchi M.In-depth distribution of rusts on plain car- bon steel and weathering steel exposed to coastal-industrial atmo- FeOOH的总的过程可以表示为： sphere for 17 years.Corros Sci.2003.45(11):2671 Fe+(Fe00H)m+1/2Hz0+3/402一 [8]NishimuraT,Katayama H.Noda K.et al.Electrochemical be- havior of rust formed on carbon steel in a wet/dry environment FeOOH+(FeOOH)nIst containing chloride ions.Corrosion,2000,56(9):935 碳钢在西沙大气环境下的暴晒过程（也就是锈 [9]Wang J H.Wei F I.Shih H C.Modeling of atmospheric corro- 层的氧化还原反应的交替过程)中，钢基体不断地被 sion behavior of weathering steel in sulfur dioxide polluted atmo 腐蚀， spheres.Corrosion.1996.52(12):900 [10]MisawaT.Kyuno T,Suetaka W.et al.The mechanism of at- 3结论 mospheric rusting and the effect of Cu and P on the rust forma (1)Q235碳钢在西沙湿热环境下暴晒，表面很 tion of low alloy steels.Corras Sci.1971,11:35 [11]Misawa T,Asami K,Hashimoto K,et al.The mechanism of 快形成连续锈层，Q235碳钢形成的锈层疏松多孔、 atmospheric rusting and the protective amorphous rust on lowal- 多裂纹，Fe和0元素分布在整个锈层中，而CI元素 loy steel.Corras Sci,1973,13:279 富集于锈层的裂纹处，随着暴晒时间的延长，3个 [12]Wang JJ.Guo X D.Zheng W L.et al.Analysis of the corro- 月的锈层表面开始出现明显的减薄现象， sion rust on weathering steel and carbon steel exposed in marine (2)Q235碳钢在西沙1个月暴晒后形成的外 atmosphere for three years.Corras Prot.2002,23(7):288 (王建军，郭小丹，郑文龙，等.海洋大气暴露3年的碳钢与耐 层腐蚀产物主要是Y一FeOOH、B-FeO0H及a一 候钢表面锈层分析.腐蚀与防护，2002,23(7)：288) Fe00H等，而锈层内部主要为Fe304、YFe203等. [13]Zhang Q C.Wu JS.Wang JJ.et al.Corrosion behavior of 暴晒3个月后，锈层疏松的内部电解液蒸发加剧，内 weathering steel in marine atmosphere.Mater Chem Phys, 层还原后的锈层重新被氧化，生成较多的FOOH, 2002,77.603 同时部分YFe00H转化成为aFe00H.Q235碳 [14] Evans U R,Taylor C A J.Mechanism of atmospheric rusting Corros Sei,1972,12(3):227 钢在西沙大气环境下的暴晒过程（也就是锈层的氧 [15]Evans U R.Mechanism of rusting.Corros Sci.1969.9(11): 化还原反应的交替过程)中，钢基体不断地被腐蚀 813 [16]Oblonsky L J.Devine T M.A surface enhanced Raman spectro- 参考文献 scopic study of the passive films formed in borate buffer on iron. [1]Oh S J.Cook DC.Tow nsend HE.Atmospheric corrosion of dif- nickel,chromium and stainless steel.Corros Sci,1995,37(1): ferent steels in marine,rural and industrial environments.Corros 17 Sci,1999,41(9):1687 [17]Raman A.Razvan A.Kuban B.et al.Characteristics of the rust [2]Allam I M,Arlow JS,Saricimen H.Initial stages of atmospheric from weathering steels in Louisiana Bridge spans.Corrosion corrosion of steel in the Arabian Gulf.Corros Sci.1991.32(4): 1986,42(8):447 417 [18]Cao C N.The Theory of Electrochemical Corrosion.2nd Ed. [3]Marco JF,Gracia M.Gancedo JR.et al.Characterization of the Beijing:Chemistry Industry Press.2004:190图9 电荷转移电阻 Rt 值随暴晒时间变化图 Fig．9 Variation of Rt of Q235steel with exposure time FeOOH 的总的过程可以表示为： Fe＋（FeOOH）rust＋1／2H2O＋3／4O2 FeOOH＋（FeOOH）rust． 碳钢在西沙大气环境下的暴晒过程（也就是锈 层的氧化还原反应的交替过程）中钢基体不断地被 腐蚀． 3 结论 （1） Q235碳钢在西沙湿热环境下暴晒表面很 快形成连续锈层．Q235碳钢形成的锈层疏松多孔、 多裂纹Fe 和 O 元素分布在整个锈层中而 Cl 元素 富集于锈层的裂纹处．随着暴晒时间的延长3个 月的锈层表面开始出现明显的减薄现象． （2） Q235碳钢在西沙1个月暴晒后形成的外 层腐蚀产物主要是 γ－FeOOH、β－FeOOH 及α－ FeOOH 等而锈层内部主要为 Fe3O4、γ－Fe2O3 等． 暴晒3个月后锈层疏松的内部电解液蒸发加剧内 层还原后的锈层重新被氧化生成较多的 FeOOH 同时部分γ－FeOOH 转化成为α－FeOOH．Q235碳 钢在西沙大气环境下的暴晒过程（也就是锈层的氧 化还原反应的交替过程）中钢基体不断地被腐蚀． 参 考 文 献 ［1］ Oh S JCook D CTownsend H E．Atmospheric corrosion of different steels in marinerural and industrial environments．Corros Sci199941（9）：1687 ［2］ Allam I MArlow J SSaricimen H．Initial stages of atmospheric corrosion of steel in the Arabian Gulf．Corros Sci199132（4）： 417 ［3］ Marco J FGracia MGancedo J Ret al．Characterization of the corrosion products formed on carbon steel after exposure to the open atmosphere in the Antarctic and Easter Island．Corros Sci 200042（4）：753 ［4］ Cao C N．Environmental Corrosion of Materials in China．Beijing：Chemical Industry Press2005：90 （曹楚南．中国材料的自然环境腐蚀．北京：化学工业出版社 2005：90） ［5］ Mendoza A RCorvo F．Outdoor and indoor atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel．Corros Sci199941（1）：75 ［6］ Arroyave CLopez F AMorcillo M．The early atmospheric corrosion stages of carbon steel in acidic fogs．Corros Sci1995 37（11）：1751 ［7］ Asami KKikuchi M．In-depth distribution of rusts on plain carbon steel and weathering steel exposed to coasta-l industrial atmosphere for17years．Corros Sci200345（11）：2671 ［8］ Nishimura TKatayama HNoda Ket al．Electrochemical behavior of rust formed on carbon steel in a wet／dry environment containing chloride ions．Corrosion200056（9）：935 ［9］ Wang J HWei F IShih H C．Modeling of atmospheric corrosion behavior of weathering steel in sulfur dioxide-polluted atmospheres．Corrosion199652（12）：900 ［10］ Misawa TKyuno TSuetaka Wet al．The mechanism of atmospheric rusting and the effect of Cu and P on the rust formation of low alloy steels．Corros Sci197111：35 ［11］ Misawa TAsami KHashimoto Ket al．The mechanism of atmospheric rusting and the protective amorphous rust on low-alloy steel．Corros Sci197313：279 ［12］ Wang J JGuo X DZheng W Let al．Analysis of the corrosion rust on weathering steel and carbon steel exposed in marine atmosphere for three years．Corros Prot200223（7）：288 （王建军郭小丹郑文龙等．海洋大气暴露3年的碳钢与耐 候钢表面锈层分析．腐蚀与防护200223（7）：288） ［13］ Zhang Q CWu J SWang J Jet al．Corrosion behavior of weathering steel in marine atmosphere． Mater Chem Phys 200277：603 ［14］ Evans U RTaylor C A J．Mechanism of atmospheric rusting． Corros Sci197212（3）：227 ［15］ Evans U R．Mechanism of rusting．Corros Sci19699（11）： 813 ［16］ Oblonsky L JDevine T M．A surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of the passive films formed in borate buffer on iron nickelchromium and stainless steel．Corros Sci199537（1）： 17 ［17］ Raman ARazvan AKuban Bet al．Characteristics of the rust from weathering steels in Louisiana Bridge spans． Corrosion 198642（8）：447 ［18］ Cao C N．The Theory of Electrochemical Corrosion．2nd Ed． Beijing：Chemistry Industry Press2004：190 ·1244· 北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 第31卷