价格歧视 价格歧视 Price Discrimination Price discrimination 当一种物品在竞争市场出售时,价格歧视是不可 企业试图将同样的产品以不同的价格卖给 能的,因为有许多以市场价格出售同一种物品的 不同的顾客。这一做法就是价格歧视。 企业。企业能够实行价格歧视,它一定具有某种 Firms try to sell the same good to different Price discrimination is not possible when a good is customers for different prices. This practice sold in a competitive market since there are many is called price discrimination. firms all selling at the market price. In order to price discriminate, the firm must have some marker power. 完全价格歧视 价格歧视 Perfect Price Discrimination Price Discrimination 完全价格歧视是指这种情况:垄断者 价格歧视的两个重要效应 完全了解每个顾客的支付意愿,并对 Two important effects of price 每位顾客收取不同的价格 discrimination: Perfect price discrimination refers to ◆它可以增加垄断者的利润。 It can increase the monopolists profits the situation when the monopolist ◆它可以减少无谓损失 knows exactly the willingness to pay of It can reduce deadweight loss. each customer and can charge each customer a different price 没有价格歧视时的福利 有价格歧视时的福利 Welfare Without Price discrimination Welfare With Price Discrimination (a)单一价格垄斷者 Prie(b)完全价格峻视斯者 Monopolist with Single Price Monopolist with Perfect Price Discrimination 无损失 Deadweigl 盡斯价格利润 Profit 福求 Demand 剩会 Quantity sold Quantity Quantity8 43 价格歧视 Price Discrimination 企业试图将同样的产品以不同的价格卖给 不同的顾客。这一做法就是价格歧视。 Firms try to sell the same good to different customers for different prices. This practice is called price discrimination. 44 价格歧视 Price Discrimination 当一种物品在竞争市场出售时，价格歧视是不可 能的，因为有许多以市场价格出售同一种物品的 企业。企业能够实行价格歧视，它一定具有某种 市场势力。 Price discrimination is not possible when a good is sold in a competitive market since there are many firms all selling at the market price. In order to price discriminate, the firm must have some market power. 45 完全价格歧视 Perfect Price Discrimination 完全价格歧视是指这种情况：垄断者 完全了解每个顾客的支付意愿，并对 每位顾客收取不同的价格。 Perfect price discrimination refers to the situation when the monopolist knows exactly the willingness to pay of each customer and can charge each customer a different price. 46 价格歧视 Price Discrimination • 价格歧视的两个重要效应： Two important effects of price discrimination: ‹它可以增加垄断者的利润。 It can increase the monopolist’s profits. ‹它可以减少无谓损失。 It can reduce deadweight loss. 47 无谓损失Deadweight loss 消费者剩余Consumer surplus 没有价格歧视时的福利 Welfare Without Price Discrimination Price 0 Quantity 利润Profit 需求Demand 边际成本Marginal cost Marginal revenue 销售量Quantity sold Monopoly price (a) 单一价格垄断者 Monopolist with Single Price 垄断价格 边际收益 48 利润 Profit 有价格歧视时的福利 Welfare With Price Discrimination Price 0 Quantity 需求Demand 边际成本Marginal cost Quantity sold (b) 完全价格歧视垄断者 Monopolist with Perfect Price Discrimination 销售量