smoke more deeply. Ultimately, smokers developed experimental"non-burning want a chemical fix and they are cigarettes in which nicotine is released unlikely to stop until they get it as a vapo or by the action of heat on the tobacco. governments should make sure Advocates of the nicotine-free such developments reach the approach say the problem of compensation would vanish if the marketplace nicotine levels were so low that no Of course, this approach requires us amount of puffing could create the buzz to accept that in form smokers crave. But would anyone buy nicotine is always likely to be with us such cigarettes? More likely they would People with moral objections to the turn to the black market for an ill icit recreational use of drugs will find that hard to swallow. But if we are serious about curbing the harm smoking does, Fortunately, there is an alternative route to a safer cigarette: keep the pragmatism is he path to follow nicotine but cut down the cancer-causins Prohibition was a dismal failure chemicals in the smoke. Better still with alcohol. There is no reason why it remove the smoke or as much of it as should work any better with nicotine possible. Manufacturers have already 11. By controlling the content of cigarettes, accord ing to health officials, governments can A. win the public health battle without effort B. impose a ban on cigarette advertising C. make it easier to give up smoking D. make them safer 12. The author doubts that redesigning cigarettes A. is to gain political and legal power B. is to make them safer C. will do the trick D. is worth a tr 13. Which of the following seems to be controversial? A. The cancer-causing chemicals in cigarettes B. SI addictives to C. Denicotinized cigarettes D. Decaffeinated coffee 14. From nicotine-free cigarettes to non-burning ones, the author A. raises the question of their acceptance at the marketplace B. proves it impossible to make them safer C. guid akers to the harm of smoking D. pinpoints the real dangers of smoke 15. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that A. it is unwise to try any approach to make ciga B. the health battle against nicotine is far from C. we are doomed to fail if we try to stop smoking D. smokers do have a right to smoke Twins and their genes are the much-vaunted similarity of IQ news again. American researcher between identical twins. Now they think reanalysed hundreds of old that it is less to do with shared genes and studies and changed their mind rather more to do with the effect of8 smoke more deeply. Ultimately, smokers want a chemical fix and they are unlikely to stop until they get it. Advocates of the nicotine-free approach say the problem of compensation would vanish if the nicotine levels were so low that no amount of puffing could create the buzz smokers crave. But would anyone buy such cigarettes? More likely they would turn to the black market for an illicit supply. Fortunately, there is an alternative route to a safer cigarette: keep the nicotine but cut down the cancer-causing chemicals in the smoke. Better still remove the smoke or as much of it as possible. Manufacturers have already developed experimental “non-burning” cigarettes in which nicotine is released as a vapor by the action of heat on the tobacco. Governments should make sure such developments reach the marketplace. Of course, this approach requires us to accept that in one shape or form nicotine is always likely to be with us. People with moral objections to the recreational use of drugs will find that hard to swallow. But if we are serious about curbing the harm smoking does, pragmatism is he path to follow. Prohibition was a dismal failure with alcohol. There is no reason why it should work any better with nicotine. 11. By controlling the content of cigarettes, according to health officials, governments can ________. A. win the public health battle without effort B. impose a ban on cigarette advertising C. make it easier to give up smoking D. make them safer 12. The author doubts that redesigning cigarettes ________. A. is to gain political and legal power B. is to make them safer C. will do the trick D. is worth a try 13. Which of the following seems to be controversial? A. The cancer-causing chemicals in cigarettes. B. Sugary addictives to cigarettes. C. Denicotinized cigarettes. D. Decaffeinated coffee. 14. From nicotine-free cigarettes to non-burning ones, the author ________. A. raises the question of their acceptance at the marketplace B. proves it impossible to make them safer C. guides smokers to the harm of smoking D. pinpoints the real dangers of smoke 15. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ________. A. it is unwise to try any approach to make cigarettes safer B. the health battle against nicotine is far from won C. we are doomed to fail if we try to stop smoking D. smokers do have a right to smoke Passage 4 Twins and their genes are in the news again. American researchers have reanalysed hundreds of old genetic studies and changed their minds about the much-vaunted similarity of IQ between identical twins. Now they think that it is less to do with shared genes and rather more to do with the effect of