66 TO CHANGE CHINA GLORIOUS DAYS OF LOOTING 67 the British Sikhs."The most promising of the Chinese soldiers was within this zone that Ward's trained Chinese force,later named were made noncommissioned officers.The Manilamen were brought the "Ever-Victorious Army"by the Chinese government,did its fight up to their former strength,and Ward used them as his personal ing,normally as an auxiliary to British,French and Ch'ing troops. bodyguard.In the autumn the new army won its first victories. Ward proved a brave and effective leader of men within the limits Admiral Hope was so impressed that he agreed to keep Ward sup- of his opportunities.The governor of Kiangsu,Li Hung-chang,wrote plied with arms,artillery and ammunition.By winter 1861 Ward had that "Ward who valiantly defends [Sungkiang]and [Tsingpu],is a force of about three thousand men under his command,with indeed the most vigorous of all [the foreigners].Although until now adequate artillery,steamers for transport,and the active support of he has not yet shaved his hair or called at my humble residence,I the British authorities in the area. have no time to quarrel with foreigners over such a little ceremonial His former Shanghai critics were now all behind him."The matter,"22 Whilom rowdie companion of ci-devant General Walker,of Nica- Ward affected an extreme casualness in action.He "wore,in his raguan memory,"a Western supporter of the Taipings wrote sar- brief military life,no uniform or insignia of rank,the European dress castically,"mercenary leader of a band of Anglo-Saxon freebooters in to which he adhered in battle sufficiently distinguishing him from his Manchoo pay,and sometime fugitive from English marines sent to men,and he was almost always seen either in the close-fitting English weed his ruffians of their countrymen,suddenly became the friend frock-coat which came in with Prince Albert,or in the loose,blue and ally of the British and French Admirals,Generals,and Consuls. serge tunic much worn by residents of the tropics."He always stood The surprise of Ward can only have been equalled by his gratifica- out in battle and,as one observer recalled,"I never saw Ward with a tion upon finding his very questionable presence,and still more sword or any arm;he wore ordinary clothes,-a thick,short cape, doubtful pursuits,patronized and imitated.No doubt,at first he felt and a hood,and carried a stick in his hand,and generally a Manila considerably elated and vastly astonished at the idea of filibustering cheroot in his mouth."28 The use of this "stick"(actually a riding having become such an honorable and recognized profession."2 crop)and his own bravery nourished among his men a feeling of his In December 1861 the Taipings captured the treaty port of invincibility,despite the several wounds he had received. Ningpo,and Admiral Hope decided to take strong action.He visited Moreover,in spite of the thinness of his military training,Ward the rebel capital of Nanking,and demanded guarantees that other understood the kind of tactics that were needed in the fighting treaty ports would not be attacked.Since he,in turn,refused to give around Shanghai.This area was a particularly difficult one.As a any guarantees that the Manchus might not use the treaty ports as contemporary British journalist described the situation: military bases,the Taipings rejected his demands.In January 1862 they advanced again on Shanghai,with the apparent intention of It is simply impossible to seize the cunning,cruel cowards cutting off supplies and stirring up a rising inside the city.Admiral [the Taipings],in the labyrinthine lanes of the Delta.All Hope ordered British and French forces to cooperate with Ward's around they have spies on our movements,and know,as well as army,and some Ch'ing troops,in clearing a thirty-mile zone around we do what these are,so they are comparatively safe in continu- Shanghai.To justify his total abandonment of the British "neutral- ing their incendiary tactics within a few hundred yards of our ity"policy,Hope declared that "these Rebels are Revolters not only column;then off they escape through ditches and across fields, against the Emperor,but against all laws human and Divine,and it where it is impossible to get at them.This the rascals are seems quite right to keep them away from the Treaty Ports."21 It perfectly aware of,especially if pursued by foreign soldiers,括A搜 只l变‖i⒊∶J‰罴T砦0。h:∶∶℃∶∶∶∶兕瑟: adequ占谄 artillery,steamers for transport,and the acthe suPport of the BrIt】 sh author1t1es1n the area, w就J1】IJ;jf毖嗲⒒∶∶ “ 扌、o说混苈饯思a冫书:#【Ι∫1磊& 槲 and allⅤ of the British and French Adn】 辙冁麒磔irals,Generals,and Consuls, 槲轴亟 GLOR10Us DAYs OF Lo0T1NC 67 was within this zone that、 Vard’s tr西 ned Chinese force,later named the“Eve⒈Victorious Army” by the Chinese governmeht,did i“ ￡gh← ing,normally as an auxⅡ iary to BJtish,French and Ch’ ing trooPs. Ward Proved a brave and efec“ v0leader of men lvithin thρ lhnits of his oPPortunitios,The governor of Kiangsu,Li Hungˉ chang,、 viote that ‘‘Ward who vahandy defends !sungkiangl and ['Γ singPu], is 亻翟枉苜1【l犭J;`F1生 骰f社:扌喙e孟 have no thne to quarrel Ⅵ7ith foreigηers over such a litde ceremonial }滥默蒜罗 matter,” 22 Ward afFected an extreme casualness in action, I1e “、vore, ih his b“ef miⅡtary lif。 ,no unifonη or insignia of rank,the European dress t0、vhich he adhered in batde sumciendy distinguishing hi【 n from his men,and he was ahnost always seen either in the close-stting Eng⒈ sh frock℃ oat which came in with Prince Albert,or in the looζ e,blue serge tunic much worn by residents of the troPics· ”He al、vays stood out in batde and,as one observer recalled,“ I nevei saw Ward、vith a sword or any arm;he wore ordinary c】 othes,-a thick,shoFt caPe, and a hood,and carried a stick in his hand,and generally a ManⅡ a cheroot in his mouth.’ ’2: The use of this ‘飞tick” (actua11y a riding Frop)and his o、 vh bravery nourished among his nlen a feehng of his invincibility,despite the several wounds he had received, Moreover,in spite of the thinne§s of his nⅡ htary training, Ward understood the kind of tactics that 、vere nqeded in the sghting around sh容 nghai, tΓhis area was a Particularly di‘ Ecult one, As a contemporary British journali欲 descr此ed the⒍ tuaton∶ It is shnPly impossible t° seize the cunning,cruel cOwards Ithe Taiungs],in the labyrinthine lanes of the Delta,All around they have s,es on our m。 vements,and know,as well as Ll,e do、vhat these are,so1hey are comParadvely safe in continuˉ ing their incendiary tac0cs、 Vithin a fe、 v hundred yards of our column;then of thqy escape through ditches and across selds, 、vheFe it is hnPossible to get at them。 ∶Γhis the rascals are perfectly aware of,espρ cially if pursued by foreign solaers