64 TO CHANGE CHINA GLORIOUS DAYS OF LOOTING 65 sea and settled,by means of guile and coercion,onto the Chinese Ch'ing,in turn,began unwillingly to cooperate."It is just that there coast.Moreover,their diplomatic and military representatives had is a danger (fear)that if we do not make them our allies they may be great freedom of action since it took so long for them to request or used by the rebels.The harm in that would be incalculable,"said receive instructions from their home governments.Often they were Prince Kung,new chief minister of the central government.17 out to get what they could for themselves or their own countries by But in May 1861,Ward,under arrest in a cabin on the Chesa- any means possible,and accordingly their loyalties went not to the peake,had yet to feel the effects of this change in policy.Contriving Ch'ing dynasty but to whatever groups in China best promised to to escape dramatically-leaping at night through a porthole,and forward their interests.The constant friction inherent in this situa- being whisked away by a waiting junk to cries of"man overboard"- tion had led twice in thirty years to open warfare with the Chinese his only recourse was to hide out with the remnants of his Sung government.From their point of view the Ch'ing had"paid"them kiang garrison.Later that summer Admiral Hope,now of a different well enough,but they would have been willing to support the mind,having visited the Taipings in person in an unsuccessful Taipings,had the Taipings offered them greater benefits.In addition, attempt to obtain a guarantee for the security of Shanghai,invited early missionary accounts of the Taiping's "Christianity,"had im- Ward and his lieutenants to a conference on board the Chesapeake, pressed most Westerners,and positive reports of their discipline and assuring them of safe conduct.At this conference,Ward offered the order (order being one thing congenial to trade)had also infuenced admiral a new plan.In his escapades he had learned from the Western public opinion. Taipings themselves that Chinese soldiers,well armed,well trained, The Westerners were further encouraged when a new Taiping and well led,made fierce fighters.Thus "he abandoned the enlist- leader,Hung Jen-kan,came to the forefront in 1859.Hung Jen-kan ment of deserters and turned his attention to recruiting a native force tried to bring the Taiping religion closer to conventional Protestant to be commanded by European officers and patiently drilled in the tenets and to reestablish contact with the Western powers.He drew European School of Arms."This was a revolutionary,and to Western- up an ambitious program of "modernization,"planning to introduce ers in Shanghai a laughable,project.In return,the admiral "winked railroads,post offices,banks and insurance to the rebel-held areas. at the fact that there were still a number of British deserters But Hung Jen-kan lost out in a power struggle among rebel leaders, employed as drillmasters at Sungkiang,"where Forrester and Burge and in 1860 fresh Taiping forces began to approach and menace vine had held together a nucleus of the old force during Ward's Shanghai,spreading chaos in the surrounding areas and prohibiting imprisonment.18 trade in opium.Western opinion began slowly to undergo a change. Ward worked fast and efficiently with his new Chinese recruits, This change was indirectly linked to the successful ratification of the who were mostly local Kiangsu men."After a little training they Treaty of Tientsin in 1860,which gave the Western powers the right learned their drill thoroughly,became fairly good marksmen and to open new treaty ports and to trade along the Yangtze River (much knew how to handle and care for their English muskets and Prussian of which was controlled by the Taipings).With these new rights, rifles.Commands were given in English.The Chinese readily learned Westerners began to feel that it was,in fact,the Taipings who were these commands,and the bugle calls.Artillery practice baffled them delaying the Western advance and endangering Western economic at first,but after some instruction they made rapid progress in it and interests in Shanghai.The stated Western policy of"neutrality"in before they were ready to take the field many of them had become the Chinese civil war came slowly and fitfully to be an active "neu- expert gunners....The whole force was well-clad and well- trality"in favor of a quiescent China under the Ch'ing dynasty.The equipped.It wore a uniform something like that of the Zouaves or64 TO cHANcE CH【 NA sea and setded, by means of guⅡ e and coρ rcion, onto the Chinese coast, Moreover, their diPlomatic and n1ihtary representatives had great freedon1of action since it took so long for then1to request oi receive instructions fron】 their home governments, often they、vere out to get、 vhat they could for themselves or their own countries by any means Possible,and accordingly their loyalties、 vent not to the Ch’ing dynasty bu!to whatever grouPs in China best oro” i∞d to for、vard their interests。 The constant friction inherent in this situaˉ 搬圩爿万留茹⒒岁⒒万T抚T∶le吧扌渑钳雀iP∷嚣 、i`e1l enough, but they would have been wⅡ hng to suPport the TaiPings,had the″ ΓaiPings ofered thenl greater benests,In addition, early misoiopary accounts of the TaiPing’ s“Christianity/’ had in卩ˉ Pressed most Westerners,and positive rePorts of their disciphne and order(order be,ng one:hing congenial to伫 rade)had also inRuenced Western Pubhc oPinion, The Westerners were further encouraged When a ne、 v Taiping leader,Hung Je艹 kan,came to the forefront h1859,Hung Je艹 kan tried to b。ng the TaiPing rehgiop closer to conventional PFOtestant tenets and to reestabhsh contact、 vith the Western po、 vers, He dre、 v uP an ambitious Program of‘ 、nodernization`’ Planning to introduce raⅡ roads, Post omces,banks and insurance to the rebe⒈ held areas,Ⅰ 0、 But Hung Jenˉkan lost out in a Power struggle among rebd leaders, and in 1860 fresh Taiping foFces began to aDProach and menace shanghai,sPFeading chaos in the surrounding a亡 eas and Prohibiting 慨 of whkh was controlled by the TaiPings),、 VVesterners begah to feel that it was,in fac:,the'Γ 嬲黝l槲槲Vith these new rights, 鹦 aiPings who wero 鞲 delaying the Western advance and ehdangering Westε rn econoΠ iic interests in Shanghai,The s仕 ated Western Pohcy of“ neutrahty” in the Chinese civn war came slowly and stfully to be杏 n βctive‘ ‘neu￾trality” in favor of a quiescent China under tho Ch’ ing dynasty,The CLORI0us DAYs OF LooTINC 65 Ch1n⒏ in tum,began unw山 ndy∞ ∞operatc。 △t is just tha"hem `r1∶ 阝⒎f锶〕∶∴钒:椋焦∵烈 k喂甜泔烈扌∷讠;夺严:括 P|:Ⅰ 智佯L;eI奋 ::∶ s;氵:扌f::∶∫皙;呈:呷 Ft黥哏c拓m= 笸辍龇鞯韫1I甙搬热恙 茹堪洋潲Ⅵ俏露萝扌r扌Ξ阝F扌 搀睽 黼 荃 t硷i鞴艹筷 熟撇 拂嬲 eFs in Shangh甜 舜盏獬 a laughable,Pr叻 栉鞯:蹦eα,In return,the ad“ 撇 kal“ 燃 winked at the%ct that there wcre still a number of Brit、 h deserters 揪l琚 impHsonment。 疏扩丑8摞浓:Fy招砦胪诏皙F器r栋猡挠镦 Ward worked fast and emoently with his,ow Chinese recruit蜕 who were mostly local Ki。 ngsu men,“ After a little traihing they learned their drⅡ l thoroughly, became f仓 irly good marksmen and kne、v how to handle岔 nd care for thcir English muskets and Prussian riHes,Commands were妒 ven in English。 The C"nese rea由ly learned these commands,and the bugle salls,Artillery Practice bamed tbem at srst,but after some instruction they made raPid Progress in it and before they u,ere ready to take the seld many of them had bec° me exPert gunners,,,。 The whde force was 切dl℃】ad and wel⒈ equⅡped。 It wore a u“ form something hke that of the zouaves or