62 TO CHANGE CHINA GLORIOUS DAYS OF LOOTING 63 Westerners even in the present century.Ward would learn his lesson led by another European mercenary,an ex-British first lieutenant much sooner. named Savage.Ward's force was mauled in two assaults,and he Having chosen two lieutenants,Edward Forrester (who had been himself was badly wounded.He lost his artillery,his gunboats and with Ward in Central America)and Henry Andrea Burgevine (a his entire provision train.It was the worst defeat of his career in Southerner who,like Ward himself,had arrived in China as the first China,and when he returned to Shanghai to rebuild his army,he mate on a clipper ship),Ward began to comb the Shanghai water- was met with hostility and scorn.The Shanghai North China front for recruits.In those days,as many as three hundred ships Herald commented in August 1860:"The first and best item...is could be found anchored in the harbor;so it was not a difficult matter the utter defeat of Ward and his men before Tsingpu.This notorious to induce layover sailors and navy deserters into joining a high-paying man has been brought down to Shanghai,not,as was hoped,dead, military adventure.Having given three weeks'training to a motley but severely wounded in the mouth,one side and one leg....He force of about two hundred men,Ward decided to attack Sungkiang, managed to drag his carcass out of danger,but several of his a walled town held by the Taiping forces,about thirty miles south- valourous blacks were killed or wounded....It seems astonishing west of Shanghai.With no artillery to breach the walls,he counted that Ward should be allowed to remain unpunished,and yet not a on surprise to bring him victory.But,as Ward was to recount later, hint is given that any measures will be taken against him."14 his men,by drinking all night,had raised"such a hell of a noise,"that It seemed that Ward's China career was finished.Taki was unwill- the Taipings were more than ready for them.Ward was forced to ing to support him further.The commander of the British naval retreat with heavy losses and pay off his force.His first attempt to forces,Admiral James Hope,was furious that Ward had encouraged form his own army in China had ended in fiasco.13 his sailors to desert.The foreign community in Shanghai was openly Undaunted,he returned immediately to Shanghai and,despite contemptuous.Ward was still without an army and recovering from the ridicule of the foreign community,began recruiting a new force, his wounds when,on May 19,1861,he was arrested by Admiral this time on a more rational basis.First he accepted the service of Hope for having defied the Allied declaration of neutrality in the Vincente Macanaya,a young Filipino soldier of fortune with a great civil war.At his court hearing,Ward insisted he was a naturalized following among the Manilamen on the docks of Shanghai.Maca- naya was able to bring with him about two hundred of his followers. subject of the Ch'ing government,but this claim was untrue and Hope ignored it,imprisoning him on board his ship the Chesapeake. To these Ward added half a dozen Western drillmasters (mostly In June 1861,the North China Herald noted:"[Ward's]force is deserters from the British navy)and a small amount of artillery.By now disbanded.Some have probably suffered capital punishment at the middle of July 1860,he was back in front of the walls of the hands of the Chinese,some have fallen in action,some are Sungkiang.With the help of accurate artillery fire,and after fierce expiating their offences against our laws in common jails,and some hand-to-hand fighting with the Taiping troops,the city was taken. few have escaped it is hoped with sufficient examples before them The reward money for the capture of Sungkiang and the possibil- never to again engage in such an illegitimate mode of earning a ity of future looting drew more recruits from the Shanghai water- livelihood as enrolling themselves in such disreputable ranks as those front.With his newly bolstered force and his newly bolstered con- of a Chinese Foreign Legion. fidence,Ward decided to attack Tsingpu,a larger city in Taiping Yet the self-righteous hostility of most Westerners in China hands.But he had overestimated the abilities of his troops.At toward Ward hardly reflected the realities of their position.For,like Tsingpu he found a well-armed Taiping force behind strong walls, Ward,the Western powers were"adventurers."They had arrived by62 TO cHANGE CH1NA ll/esterners even in the Present century,、 氵1严 ard访ould learn his lesson much sooner, Jw鞯{s邕扼∫器:∶强;’ 驷酞⒎苜艮fl甘1∶安π∶∶ e嚣 Southerncr xl`ho,like、01⒎ ard hin1self,had arrived in China as the flrst 茁Nr℃摺:絮咄芒%拧嗫 nJ∶ J∶:投f℃絮d黥 could be found anchored in the harbor;so it xx冫 as nota dⅡ⒔Cult matter 蹒擀 lWl蚶饭拊脶苕槭 即:挠雠:丨 l∶∶讠⒏掐嘿暴搬:;sf;c:i∶ nghεⅡ and,des口 ∞ 抵1帑以袋p焦f昱哏;y‰扌秽愚J岁哏甜括曝 嫩 槲槲躏 ￡dence, Ward decided to attack Tsingpu, a largor oity in TaiPing hands. But he had overestimated the abilities of his trooPs· At Tsingpu he found a well⒓ rmed T加 Ping force behind strong walls, CLOR10us DAYs OF LooT1NC 63 led by ρnother EuroP0an mercenary, an exˉ British srst he。tenant named savage,、Vards force was mauled in two assaults,and he 扛F罗:茗:∶ 窍;刂括J潸;i;:F挠 ‰扌刂招橡‰r皙邕Ft 豳 the utter defeat of Ward and his Fnen before Tsingpu.This notorious 摊 抻槭搦:芤蝴榭tjr御馋 man has been brought do、 vn to Shanghai,not,as was hoPed,dead, but sevcrely、vounded in the mouth,one side and one leg, 。 , , He managed to drag his carcass out of danget, but several of his valourous blacks were kⅢ ed or wounded,… ,It seems asto“s“n。 that Ward should be aⅡ owed to remain unPunished,and yet not a hintis given that any measures、 vⅡl be taken against him.” 14 Itseemed that Ward`China career was snished,Tab was unwillˉ ing to support him further。 The commander of the British naval forces,Admiral James HoPe,was furious that、 Vard had encouraged his sailo‘ to desert,The foreign communi哕 in shangho was oPenly contemPtuous· Ward was stⅡ l without an army犭 nd recoveⅡ ng from his wounds when,on May19,I861,he was arrested by Admiral Hρpe for ha访ng desed the Allied declaraton of neutrality in the c玉 vⅡ 、var。 At his court hearing, Ward insisted he was a naturalized subject of the Ch’ hg government,but this claim was untrue and HρPe ignored it,imPrisoning him on board his shiP the c‰ εs伢 `ε ‘,1kε ∶ In June1861,the Nor屁 C‰饣伢Hε `伢 Jd noted:“ [Ward创 force k no、v disbanded,some have Probably suσ ered caPital Punishment at the hands of the Chinese, some haVe fallen in action, some are exu狂ing their ofFences ag缸nst our laws in comluon弘ils,and some fe访 have escaPed it is hoped with su路 cient examPles before them neVer to again engage in such an Ⅱlegithnate 甲ode ρf earning a hvehhood as eFrolling themselves in such disrePutable ranks as those of a Chinesc Foreign Legion,” r° Yet the oel⒈ righteous hostility of mo班 Westerners in China toward Ward hardly regected the reali-ies of their Posidon.For,like Ward,the V1/estern Po、 vers、vere‘‘adventurers,” They had arrived by