Grades are not determined for ind ividual exams. Final grades are determined ccord ing to the ratios in the following Lecture-60%(midterm exam20%+final test 40%) E Attendance -10%(everyone should be signature on the namelist in each lecture) Homework-10%(each lecture gives 2-3 questions, students choose those as homework, submit the homework to elearning before the deadline(in 2 weeks after the lecture) This lecture introduces common terms and basic concepts of med ical microbiology, in order to gain an awareness of the versatility of microbes and understand of how we coexist BACTERIOLOGY Lecture Two Bacterial Morphology and structures, Metabolism growth 1. Basics of bacterial cell wall structures and properties associated with bacterial cell walls( Gram positive/negative cell wall, staining, Peptidoglycan, LPS pathogenesis, and targets of antibiotics) 2. Structures of the bacterial cell and the genetic makeup of bacteria(ribosome, Plasmid, Chromosome, target of antibiotics, roles in pathogenesis or drug 3. Morphology of bacteria and the versatility of bacteria(in clinical diagnosis) 4. Bacterial appendages, bacterial spores, capsules, etc, and their related with clinic 5. Techniques to study morphology of bacteria 6. Bacterial growth, survival and death, cultivation of bacteria, growth curve bacterial metabolism. classification of bacteria Lecture Three bacterial Heredity &variation 1. Genetic material of bacteria( Chromosome, plasmid, transposable element integron and phage genome) 2. Bacterial phages, virulent phage and lysogenic phage 3. Mechanisms of transfer and recombination of bacterial genes(transformation, ransduction, conjugation and lysogenic conversion; gene mutation 4. The significance of bacterial genetic variation(in drug resistance, pathogenesis or virulence and variation, diagnosis, and vaccination), and manipulation of cloned DNA 5. Sterilization and disinfection(concepts and methods) 6. Biosafety in the medical microbiology laboratory Lecture Four Bacterial Infection Pathogenesis 1. Normal human microbiota(Role of the resident microbiota, and locations in the body) 2. Virulence of bacteria, bacterial virulence factors and their regulation(exotoxin endotoxin, and their contribution to pathogenesis4 / 11 Grades are not determined for individual exams. Final grades are determined according to the ratios in the following： Lecture-60%（midterm exam20% + final test 40%）; Experiment-20%; Attendance -10% (everyone should be signature on the namelist in each lecture); Homework-10%（each lecture gives 2-3 questions, students choose 10 of those as homework, submit the homework to elearning before the deadline (in 2 weeks after the lecture). This lecture introduces common terms and basic concepts of medical microbiology, in order to gain an awareness of the versatility of microbes and understand of how we coexist. BACTERIOLOGY Lecture Two Bacterial Morphology and Structures，Metabolism & Growth 1. Basics of bacterial cell wall structures and properties associated with bacterial cell walls (Gram positive/negative cell wall, staining, Peptidoglycan, LPS, pathogenesis, and targets of antibiotics) 2. Structures of the bacterial cell and the genetic makeup of bacteria (Ribosome, Plasmid, Chromosome, target of antibiotics, roles in pathogenesis or drug resistance) 3. Morphology of bacteria and the versatility of bacteria (in clinical diagnosis) 4. Bacterial appendages, bacterial spores, capsules, etc., and their related with clinic practice. 5. Techniques to study morphology of bacteria 6. Bacterial growth, survival and death, cultivation of bacteria, growth curve, bacterial metabolism, classification of bacteria. Lecture Three Bacterial Heredity &Variation 1. Genetic material of bacteria (Chromosome, plasmid, transposable element, integron and phage genome). 2. Bacterial phages, virulent phage and lysogenic phage 3. Mechanisms of transfer and recombination of bacterial genes (transformation, transduction, conjugation and lysogenic conversion); gene mutation. 4. The significance of bacterial genetic variation (in drug resistance, pathogenesis or virulence and variation, diagnosis, and vaccination), and manipulation of cloned DNA. 5. Sterilization and disinfection (concepts and methods) 6. Biosafety in the medical microbiology laboratory Lecture Four Bacterial Infection & Pathogenesis 1．Normal human microbiota (Role of the resident microbiota, and locations in the human body) 2．Virulence of bacteria, bacterial virulence factors and their regulation (exotoxin, endotoxin, and their contribution to pathogenesis)