352 工程科学学报，第43卷，第3期 表1不同模板法调控g-CN孔结构总括 Table I Summary of the different template methods in adjusting the pore structure of g-CN Reaction precursor,temperature,time, Template type& Pore Removal reagents&Specific surface Average Sample volume/ pore Refs. heating rate,atmosphere requirement requirement area/(m-g) (cm".g) size/nm Porous-C3Na Dicyandiamide,500C,4.5 h 7-40 nm SiO,hard 20%HF,4h template -109 -20 20 12 nm SiOz 4.0 mol-L-1 MCN1.0 Cyanamide,550C,4 h,2 C'min,N2 nanosphere hard NH HF2,24 h -190.7 0.52 -10.9 [21] template CLBM-SBA-15 Cyanamide,stirring at room temperature.9.5nm SBA-15 hard 4.0 mol-L-1 1 h,550C,6 h,air template NH HF, -145 -0.43 44 [23] CN-MCF Melamine,300C,1 h,600C,2 h,Ar MCF hard template 15%HF,12h -70 -0.3 [24 Bulk-g-CNa Dicyandiamide,560 C,2 h,N 12 nm PSB hard NH HF2 -0.28 -36 template -37 [25] TiO,trapped g-CNa Dicyandiamide,560C,2 h,N2 12 nm PSB hard NHHF2 63 -0.29 20 template [25] 260-320nmSi02 OCS/gCN Melamine,550C,2 h,2C-min',air nanosphere hard HF 105 -0.123 -260-320[26] template Meso-g- C:Na/WP/Meso-g- Cyanamide,550 C,4 h,3 C'min N2 8-15 nm SiOz hard 0.5 mol-L-HF -82 -8-15 template [27 CiNa CN-MCF-0.4 Carbon tetrachloride,ethylenediamine, 35.7 nm MCF hard 4.0 mol-L-1 498 53 90C,6 h,600C,5 h,3 C'min,Ar template NH HF2 [29 Dicyandiamide,550C,4h, 12 nm SiO,hard 4.0 mol-L- mpg-C3N45 2.3 C-min,N2 NHaHF2,24 h -218.15 -0.69 12.57 template [30 6.7 nm ZnO hard PCNCs-ANT Melamine,550C,2 h,2 C'min template 4.0 molL NaOH 32 -0.103 16.8 BI] g-CiNa Melamine,500C,2 h,air P123 soft template 90 [34 Bulk-g-CjNa Melamine,600C,2 h,Ar P123 soft template 90 -15 [34 B-C3Na/SnO2 Thiourea,SnCl,550C,2 h,10C'min- HCL H,O soft template -44.3 2.638 -100-430[3) C:N@TiO. Melamine,400C,2 h,N2,2 h,air Melamine soft 44.7 0.11 10.7 template [3刀 N-RGO Graphene oxide,melamine,900 C, 30 min,5C-min Ice soft template 190 -0.99 -20-200[38] Cyanuric acid- melamine CNF-0.005 Melamine,550 C,4 h,3 C'min,N supramolcular 381 -0.85 15 [39 aggregates ionic liquid soft template PCNM Melamine,urea,550C,4 h,N2 Melamine soft 78 0.76 template [40 g-C3Na ultrathin Melamine,glutaraldehyde,800C, Cyanuric acid soft -84 nanosheet 2h,Ar template [48) g-C3Na bundles Melamine,500C,4 h,N2 PEG-PPG-PEG soft 40.974 100 template [49 g-CNabeads Dicyandiamide,530-600C,2 h,N2 PSB soft template -5R 015 -30-90 [50 P-C3Na Melamine,550C,4 h Free 40.89 0.2 [4) 2MCN/2UCN Melamine,urea,550C,1.5 h, 5Cmin,N2 Free 41 -0.24 23 [44 5%La/g-CNT Melamine,550C,2 h,air Free 4 0.0623 2.8 [45) CN/Fe-1 Urea,600℃，4h,5Cmin Free -48.19 [46 -C3NaNS/TMC Melamine,550℃，3h,2.3Cmin,air Free 57.4 [47 g-C3N/Ag:PO Urea,550C,4 h,Ar Free 20.84 -0.083 16 [51] Brookite/anatase Hexadecylamine,550C,4 h, TiO,/g-CNa 3C'min,N2 Free 37 -0.2 18 [52 g-C3Na nanosheet Melamine,550C.4 h,500C.2 h,Ar Free 190.1 -0.61 5-25 [5) Fe2O3(6.6)/CNS Thiourea,535C,3 h,3 C.min,air Free 33.5 0.195 -25 [54 g-CNa/MoS2 Thiourea,500C,2 h,2 C'min Free 45 [55)表 1 不同模板法调控 g-C3N4 孔结构总括 Table 1 Summary of the different template methods in adjusting the pore structure of g-C3N4 Sample Reaction precursor, temperature, time, heating rate, & atmosphere Template type& requirement Removal reagents& requirement Specific surface area/(m2 ·g−1) Pore volume/ (cm3 ·g−1) Average pore size/nm Refs. Porous-C3N4 Dicyandiamide, 500 °C, 4.5 h 7−40 nm SiO2 hard template 20% HF, 4 h ~109 — ~20 [20] MCN1.0 Cyanamide, 550 °C, 4 h, 2 °C·min−1, N2 12 nm SiO2 nanosphere hard template 4.0 mol·L−1 NH4HF2 , 24 h ~190.7 ~0.52 ~10.9 [22] CLBM‒SBA-15 Cyanamide, stirring at room temperature, 1 h, 550 °C, 6 h, air 9.5 nm SBA-15 hard template 4.0 mol·L−1 NH4HF2 ~145 ~0.43 ~44 [23] C3N4‒MCF Melamine, 300 °C, 1 h, 600 °C, 2 h, Ar MCF hard template 15% HF, 12 h ~70 ~0.3 — [24] Bulk-g-C3N4 Dicyandiamide, 560 °C, 2 h, N2 12 nm PSB hard template NH4HF2 ~37 ~0.28 ~36 [25] TiO2 trapped g-C3N4 Dicyandiamide, 560 °C, 2 h, N2 12 nm PSB hard template NH4HF2 ~63 ~0.29 ~20 [25] OCS/gCN Melamine, 550 °C, 2 h, 2 °C·min−1, air 260−320 nm SiO2 nanosphere hard template HF ~105 ~0.123 ~260‒320 [26] Meso-g￾C3N4 /WP/Meso-g￾C3N4 Cyanamide, 550 °C, 4 h, 3 °C·min−1, N2 8−15 nm SiO2 hard template 0.5 mol·L−1 HF ~82 — ~8‒15 [27] CN‒MCF-0.4 Carbon tetrachloride, ethylenediamine, 90 °C, 6 h, 600 °C, 5 h, 3 °C·min−1, Ar 35.7 nm MCF hard template 4.0 mol·L−1 NH4HF2 ~498 ~1.36 ~5.3 [29] mpg‒C3N4-δ Dicyandiamide, 550 °C, 4 h, 2.3 °C·min−1, N2 12 nm SiO2 hard template 4.0 mol·L−1 NH4HF2 , 24 h ~218.15 ~0.69 ~12.57 [30] PCNCs‒ANTa Melamine, 550 °C, 2 h, 2 °C·min−1 6.7 nm ZnO hard template 4.0 mol·L−1 NaOH ~32 ~0.103 ~16.8 [31] g-C3N4 Melamine, 500 °C, 2 h, air P123 soft template ~90 — — [34] Bulk-g-C3N4 Melamine, 600 °C, 2 h, Ar P123 soft template ~90 — ~15 [34] g-C3N4 /SnO2 Thiourea, SnCl4 , 550 °C, 2 h, 10 °C·min−1 HCl, H2O soft template ~44.3 2.638 ~100‒430 [35] C3N4@TiO2 Melamine, 400 °C, 2 h, N2 , 2 h, air Melamine soft template ~44.7 ~0.11 ~10.7 [37] N-RGO Graphene oxide, melamine, 900 °C, 30 min, 5 °C·min−1 Ice soft template ~190 ~0.99 ~20−200 [38] CNF-0.005 Melamine, 550 °C, 4 h, 3 °C·min−1, N2 Cyanuric acid￾melamine supramolcular aggregates & ionic liquid soft template ~381 ~0.85 ~15 [39] PCNM Melamine, urea, 550 °C, 4 h, N2 Melamine soft template ~78 ~0.76 — [40] g-C3N4 ultrathin nanosheet Melamine, glutaraldehyde, 800 °C, 2 h, Ar Cyanuric acid soft template ~84 — ~3 [48] g-C3N4 bundles Melamine, 500 °C, 4 h, N2 PEG-PPG-PEG soft template ~40.974 — ~100 [49] g-C3N4 beads Dicyandiamide, 530−600 °C, 2 h, N2 PSB soft template ~58 ~0.15 ~30−90 [50] P-C3N4 Melamine, 550 °C, 4 h Free ~40.89 ~0.2 — [43] 2MCN/2UCN Melamine, urea, 550 °C, 1.5 h, 5 °C·min−1, N2 Free ~41 ~0.24 ~23 [44] 5% La/g-CNT Melamine, 550 °C, 2 h, air Free ~4 ~0.0623 ~2.8 [45] CN/Fe-1 Urea, 600 °C, 4 h, 5 °C·min−1 Free ~48.19 — — [46] g-C3N4 NS/TMC Melamine, 550 °C, 3 h, 2.3 °C·min−1, air Free ~57.4 — — [47] g-C3N4 /Ag3PO4 Urea, 550 °C, 4 h, Ar Free ~20.84 ~0.083 ~16 [51] Brookite/anatase TiO2 /g-C3N4 Hexadecylamine, 550 °C, 4 h, 3 °C·min−1, N2 Free ~37 ~0.2 ~18 [52] g-C3N4 nanosheet Melamine, 550 °C, 4 h, 500 °C, 2 h, Ar Free ~190.1 ~0.61 ~5−25 [53] Fe2O3 (6.6)/CNSb Thiourea, 535 °C, 3 h, 3 °C·min−1, air Free ~33.5 ~0.195 ~25 [54] g-C3N4 /MoS2 Thiourea, 500 °C, 2 h, 2 °C·min−1 Free ~45 — — [55] · 352 · 工程科学学报，第 43 卷，第 3 期