授课内容 第二讲翻译的过程 教学重点 翻译过程的三个阶段:理解、表达、审校 教学难点 翻译过程的三个阶段:理解、表达、审校 课时分配 两学时 教学方法 讲练结合,师生互动。 学手段 常规教学。 思考题目 关于翻译的过程,你的看法如何? 作业与辅导(内 容、时间) ranslate the passage "Life in the violin Case(on P. 153)into Chinese ①《新编英汉翻译教程》孙致礼,上海外语教育出版社,2011 参考文献 ②《简明翻译教程》成昭伟等,国防工业出版社,2006 ③《英汉翻译教程》张培基等,上海外语教育出版社,1980 Chapter 2 The Process of Translation I Nida's analysis of the process of translation According to Nida's analysis, there arefour steps in the translating process, that's(I)analysis of the source text( # x2)transfer from the sourceto the target language (f<if)(3) restructuring in the target language (H:)(4)testing of thetranslated text with persons who represent the intended(future)audience. (as ida,1993:146-147 The analysis of the source text means a detailed treatment of boththe designative and associative meanings of the lexemes, the syntax, and the discoursestructures. Understanding and The process of transfer involves the shift from thinking in thesource language to thinking in the target language. Here is where the essentialprocess of the translating takes place. The process of restructuring involves the reorganization of thelexical syntactic and discourse features of the transferred text so as toprovide maximal comprehension and appreciation on the part of the intendedaudience Although these three basic processes can be abstracted, it is entirelywrong to think that translators accomplish their task in three stages or steps. All three processes are going on at the Checking-up of the translated text is also an essential step intranslating. No one would dare declare that his translation needs nochecking-up George Steiner's analysis ofthe proce According to George Steiner's(乔治斯坦纳) analysis( a Britishtranslation theorist, there are four steps in thetranslating process, that's(l) Trust(信任)(2) Aggression(进攻) 3) Incorporation(吸收)(4) Restitution(补偿) II. The process of translation(Domestic scholars analysis) The process of translation can be described as a three-stepprocedure:l. comprehension理解,2 expression(表达);3. revIsion(审校) 1. Comprehension Comprehension is the first step in the whole process of translation, and it is the basis of translation To deal with the problems of comprehension, one translator should analyze the atures of the source language or text. Generally speaking, four aspects, namely, grammatical analysis, languageanalysis, contextual analysis and logical analysis, must be taken intoconsideration in a thorough text analysis (1)Grammatical analysis It is generallyaccepted that translating means translating meaning. To a translator with keeninsights, however, grammar itself can convey some sort of additionalinformation. Now that" grammar has meaning"'according to Nida., we should nevertake it for granted(不要因为对某事熟悉而觉察不出它的价值) Grammatical analysis is necessary. For example The man, wearing such dark glasses, obviously could not see clearly(此人因戴一副黑眼镱,显然看不清东西) The participle phrase"wearing such dark glasses requires ourattention. If it is treated as an adverbial element, the version above bears noproblem; if it is treated as an attributive element, however, the versionshould be这个戴黑眼镜的人显然看不清东西. Here we can see the later is preferable in view of the position ofthe phrase in the sentence. 2)Languageanalysis(seestudents'book P 13) Language is aneffective tool for human communication. The language we use is never somethingindependent or self-sufficient. Like wise, when we translate a text, we musttake each word,s or sentences context into account. Otherwise themeaning might become ambiguous due to the lack of a frame of reference. Forexample, a simple sentence like"George passed"may have differentinterpretations in different contexts. If the context is an examination, itmeans George did well in the test(FAj r it) in acard game it would indicate that george declined his chance to bid(乔治没有叫牌); in sports it wouldmean the ball reached another player(乔治把球传给其他球员) For the same reason,the word好 in the sentence身体好,学习好,工作好 must be treated carefully due to different collocations: keepfit, study well and work hard.. Some examples are:( text book.8) (4)Logical analysis According toQian Gechuan(EK/1, 1903-1990),a famous translator in China, "Logical analysis is the last trump card in atranslator's hand and he must always keep a firm grasp on it"In other words, logical analysi re one's correct understanding of the original Ifsomething doesn' t make sure, it's certain that some deviations( 9 )have occurred. Some examplesare: (text book P 18-20) 2. Expression is to express the author or the speaker sreal idea or intention. While expressing, the translator should attach the importanceto three relations: (1) faithfulness and smoothness; (2)content and form; (3 )restraining ones creativity and proper creativity(see students bookP 21-29)授课内容 第二讲翻译的过程 教学重点 翻译过程的三个阶段：理解、表达、审校 教学难点 翻译过程的三个阶段：理解、表达、审校 课时分配 两学时 教学方法 讲练结合，师生互动。 教学手段 常规教学。 思考题目 关于翻译的过程，你的看法如何？ 作业与辅导（内 容、时间） Translate the passage “Life in the violin Case (on P.153) into Chinese” 参考文献 ①《新编英汉翻译教程》孙致礼，上海外语教育出版社，2011 ②《简明翻译教程》成昭伟等， 国防工业出版社，2006 ③《英汉翻译教程》张培基等，上海外语教育出版社，1980 Chapter 2 The Process of Translation Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation According to Nida’s analysis, there arefour steps in the translating process, that’s (1) analysis of the source text (分析)(2) transfer from the sourceto the target language （传译）(3) restructuring in the target language （重组）(4) testing of thetranslated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience.（检验） (Nida, 1993: 146-147) The analysis of the source text means a detailed treatment of boththe designative and associative meanings of the lexemes, the syntax, and the discoursestructures. Understanding and appreciation of the source text are fundamentalto any attempts at translating. The process of transfer involves the shift from thinking in thesource language to thinking in the target language. Here is where the essentialprocess of the translating takes place. The process of restructuring involves the reorganization of thelexical syntactic and discourse features of the transferred text so as toprovide maximal comprehension and appreciation on the part of the intendedaudience. Although these three basic processes can be abstracted, it is entirelywrong to think that translators accomplish their task in three stages or steps.All three processes are going on at the same time and are already below thelevel of consciousness. Checking -up of the translated text is also an essential step intranslating. No one would dare declare that his translation needs nochecking-up. Ⅱ. George Steiner’s analysis ofthe process of translation According to George Steiner’s (乔治.斯坦纳)analysis( a Britishtranslation theorist), there are four steps in thetranslating process, that’s (1)Trust（信任）(2) Aggression（进攻） (3) Incorporation （吸收）(4) Restitution（补偿）. Ⅲ. The process of translation (Domestic scholars’ analysis) The process of translation can be described as a three-stepprocedure: 1.comprehension(理解); 2.expression（表达）; 3. revision（审校）. 1. Comprehension Comprehension is the first step in the whole process of translation,and it is the basis of translation. To deal with the problems of comprehension,one translator should analyze the features of the source language or text.Generally speaking, four aspects, namely, grammatical analysis, languageanalysis, contextual analysis and logical analysis, must be taken intoconsideration in a thorough text analysis: (1) Grammatical analysis It is generallyaccepted that translating means translating meaning. To a translator with keeninsights, however, grammar itself can convey some sort of additionalinformation. Now that “grammar has meaning” according to Nida, we should nevertake it for granted (不要因为对某事熟悉而觉察不出它的价值). Grammatical analysis is necessary.For example, The man, wearing such dark glasses, obviously could not see clearly(此人因戴一副黑眼镜，显然看不清东西). The participle phrase “wearing such dark glasses” requires ourattention. If it is treated as an adverbial element, the version above bears noproblem; if it is treated as an attributive element, however, the versionshould be 这个戴黑眼镜的人显然看不清东西. Here we can see the later is preferable in view of the position ofthe phrase in the sentence. (2)Languageanalysis (seestudents’ book P.13) (3) Contextual analysis Language is aneffective tool for human communication. The language we use is never somethingindependent or self-sufficient. Like wise, when we translate a text, we musttake each word’s or sentence’s context into account. Otherwise themeaning might become ambiguous due to the lack of a frame of reference. Forexample, a simple sentence like “George passed” may have differentinterpretations in different contexts. If the context is an examination, itmeans George did well in the test (乔治通过了考试)；in acard game it would indicate that George declined his chance to bid（乔治没有叫牌）; in sports it wouldmean the ball reached another player（乔治把球传给其他球员）.For the same reason, the word好 in the sentence身体好，学习好，工作好 must be treated carefully due to different collocations: keepfit, study well and work hard. Some examples are: (text bookP.18) (4)Logical analysis According toQian Gechuan (钱歌川，1903-1990),a famous translator in China, “Logical analysis is the last trump card in atranslator’s hand and he must always keep a firm grasp on it” In other words,logical analysis can ensure one’s correct understanding of the original. Ifsomething doesn’t make sure, it’s certain that some deviations(偏离) have occurred. Some examplesare: (text book P.18-20) 2. Expression A translator’s mission is to express the author or the speaker’sreal idea or intention. While expressing, the translator should attach the importanceto three relations: (1) faithfulness and smoothness; (2) content and form; (3)restraining one’s creativity and proper creativity (see students’ bookP.21-29). 3. Revision