司浩楠等：图案化氧化锌在能源器件中的应用 ·979· 该课题组利用三维树枝状结构复合CS窄带隙光催 vibration sensors enhanced by piezotronic effects.Nano Res, 化剂，并用原子层沉积技术沉积T0,保护层提高复合 2014,7(2):190 光阳极的光电化学稳定性.与纯Z0纳米棒阵列光阳 [8]Liao Q L.Zhang Z,Zhang X H,et al.Flexible piezoelectric na- nogenerators based on a fiber/ZnO nanowires/paper hybrid struc- 极相比，三维树枝状ZO/CdS复合材料光阳极的光转 ture for energy harvesting.Nano Res,2014,7(6):917 氢效率大幅提高，达到了3.1%，如图6(b)所示.此 9] Yang Y,Lin L,Zhang Y,et al.Self-powered magnetic sensor 外，三维树枝状ZO/CdS复合材料的光腐蚀问题得到 based on a triboelectric nanogenerator.ACS Nano,2012,6(11): 改善，在0V偏压时，经过3000s辐照后，该复合材料 10378 光阳极的光电流保特了初始值的80%，光电化学电池 [10]Liao X Q,Yan X Q,Lin P,et al.Enhanced performance of 稳定性大幅调高，如图6(c)所示.该三维树枝状Zn0 ZnO piezotronic pressure sensor through electron-unneling modu- 结构比表面积大，载流子收集能力强，容易与其他功能 lation of Mgo nanolayer.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2015,7 (3):1602 性纳米材料复合，为光电化学电池提供了理想的结构， [11]Willander M,Nur 0,Zhao Q X,et al.Zinc oxide nanorod 在光解水制氢领域有广阔的应用前景. based photonic devices:recent progress in growth,light 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enhanced performance of pi- [23] Zhang Y.One-Dimensional ZnO Nanomaterials.Beijing:Sei- ezoelectric nanogenerator via suppressing screening effect with Au ence Press,2010 particles/ZnO nanoarrays Schottky junction.Nano Res,2016,9 (张跃.一维氧化锌纳米材料.北京：科学出版社，2010) (2):372 24] Tian Y,Chen H Q,Zhu X L.et al.Selective growth and char- Zhang Z,Liao Q L,Yan X Q,et al.Functional nanogenerators as acterization of ZnO nanorods assembled a hexagonal pattern on司浩楠等: 图案化氧化锌在能源器件中的应用 该课题组利用三维树枝状结构复合 CdS 窄带隙光催 化剂，并用原子层沉积技术沉积 TiO2保护层提高复合 光阳极的光电化学稳定性． 与纯 ZnO 纳米棒阵列光阳 极相比，三维树枝状 ZnO /CdS 复合材料光阳极的光转 氢效率大幅提高，达到了 3. 1% ，如图 6 ( b) 所示． 此 外，三维树枝状 ZnO /CdS 复合材料的光腐蚀问题得到 改善，在 0 V 偏压时，经过 3000 s 辐照后，该复合材料 光阳极的光电流保持了初始值的 80% ，光电化学电池 稳定性大幅调高，如图 6( c) 所示． 该三维树枝状 ZnO 结构比表面积大，载流子收集能力强，容易与其他功能 性纳米材料复合，为光电化学电池提供了理想的结构， 在光解水制氢领域有广阔的应用前景． 3 总结与展望 图案化技术可以实现材料形貌结构的精确控制， 巧妙地解决了纳米材料形貌不规则、比表面积小等缺 点． 尺寸、形貌和密度可控的有序 ZnO 阵列具有优异 的光学、电学等性能，被用于太阳能电池、光电化学电 池等多种领域． 激光干涉法制备的 ZnO 纳米阵列具有 高比表面积和直线传输的优势，运用于光伏器件和电 化学电池中增加了光吸收同时利于载流子传输，器件 性能显著提高． 因此，基于激光干涉技术制备大面积、 低成本和高精度的 ZnO 阵列为开发高效功能型器件 奠定了坚实的基础． 激光干涉法有效地解决了光电子 领域存在的问题，极大地推动了半导体光电子器件在 材料结构的优化和性能提升，具有巨大的市场价值和 研究意义． 参 考 文 献 ［1］ Yang Y，Guo W，Wang X Q，et al． Size dependence of dielectric constant in a single pencil-like ZnO nanowire． Nano Lett，2012， 12( 4) : 1919 ［2］ Zhang Y，Yan X Q，Yang Y，et al． Scanning probe study on the piezotronic effect in ZnO nanomaterials and nanodevices． Adv Ma￾ter，2012，24( 34) : 4647 ［3］ Zhang Y，Yang Y，Gu Y S，et al． Performance and service be￾havior in 1-D nanostructured energy conversion devices． Nano En￾ergy，2015，14: 30 ［4］ Si H N，Liao Q L，Zhang Z，et al． An innovative design of per￾ovskite solar cells with Al2O3 inserting at ZnO / perovskite interface for improving the performance and stability． Nano Energy，2016， 22: 223 ［5］ Liu Y C，Gu Y S，Yan X Q，et al． Design of sandwich-structured ZnO /ZnS /Au photoanode for enhanced efficiency of photoelectro￾chemical water splitting． Nano Ｒes，2015，8( 9) : 2891 ［6］ Lu S N，Liao Q L，Qi J J，et al． The enhanced 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L，et al． Selective growth and char￾acterization of ZnO nanorods assembled a hexagonal pattern on · 979 ·