研究 lexicology的两大方法:1) Diachronic approach:历时语言学2) Synchronic approach:共时语言学e.g.wife纵观历时语言学的方法论, woman词义的变化算是词义 变化的哪一种模式? Woman的词义的变化算 Narrowing or specialization 第一章 What is word?词具有哪些特点?词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。1) a word is a minimal free form of a language; 2) A sound unity or a given sound; 3)a unit of meaning: 4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.以上词的四个特点也就是词的名词解释 词的分类( classification of a word)词根据发音可以分为哪两种词?或者说词根据拼 写可以分为哪两类词? 1) simple words2) complex words单音节词例子:e.g. Man and fine are simple多音 节词例子:e.g. Management, misfortune, blackman Management可以次划分为 manage和 ment misfortune可以次划分为mis-和 fortuneblackmail次划分为 black和mail What is the relationship between sound and meaning? 1)There is 'no logica relationship between the sound and actual thing. e. g. dog. cat2) The relationship between them is conventional. 3) In different languages the same concept can be represented bydifferent sounds. What is relationship between sound and form? 1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oralform, such as English language. 2)This is fairly true of English ir earliest stage i.e. old English)With the development of the language, more and more differences occur between the two What are the great changes that causes illogical relationship or irregularity between sound and form? 1)The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the romans, which does not have a separate letter tore present each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination. 2)Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn farapart. 3)A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. 4) Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the english vocabulary 要记住以上四句话中的关键词:1) influenced by romans2) Pronunciation changed3) best)borr研究 lexicology 的两大方法:1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学 2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学 e.g. wife 纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman 词义的变化算是词义 变化的哪一种模式？ Woman 的词义的变化算 Narrowing or specialization 第一章 What is word ?词具有哪些特点？词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。1) A word is a minimal free form of a language;2) A sound unity or a given sound ;3) a unit of meaning;4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.以上词的四个特点也就是词的名词解释 词的分类（classification of a word）词根据发音可以分为哪两种词？或者说词根据拼 写可以分为哪两类词？ 1) simple words 2) complex words 单音节词例子：e.g. Man and fine are simple 多音 节词例子：e.g. Management, misfortune, blackmailmanagement 可以次划分为 manage 和 –ment misfortune 可以次划分为 mis- 和 fortuneblackmail 次划分为 black 和 mail What is the relationship between sound and meaning?1)There is ‘no logical relationship between the sound and actual thing.e.g. dog. cat2)The relationship between them is conventional.3) In different languages the same concept can be represented bydifferent sounds. What is relationship between sound and form?1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oralform, such as English language.2)This is fairly true of English in its earliest stage i.e. Old English3)With the development of the language, more and more differences occur between the two. What are the great changes that causes illogical relationship or irregularity between sound and form?1) The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter tore present each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.2) Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn farapart.3) A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.4) Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary. 要记住以上四句话中的关键词：1) influenced by Romans2) Pronunciation changed3) early scribes4) borrowing