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第39卷第5期 784 南京医科大学学报 2019年5月 发作。研究显示少数患者(7%)在12-17年随访后[7] Benuzzi e, Mirandola l, Pugnaghi m,eta. Increased cor- 仍有癫痫发作。但由于国内外各研究在入组及 tical BOLD signal anticipates generalized spike and wave 排除标准、随访时间长度等方面存在一定的差异 discharges in adolescents and adults with idiopathic gen 研究结果的可比性相对较差 eralized epilepsies[J]. Epilepsia,2012, 53(4): 622-630 [8] Littjohann A. Van Luijtelaar G. The dynamics of cortico- 7结语及展望 thalamo-cortical interactions at the transition from pre-ic- tal to ictal LFPs in absence epilepsy [j]. Neurobiol Di CAE是一种常见的儿童期癫痫综合征。其发 2012,47(1):49-60 病与遗传因素有关,目前研究认为发病累及的基因[9] Moeller p, Manesh m, Pittau e,etal. Functional connec 有编码γ-氨基丁酸、钙离子通道、钠离子通道等的基 tivity in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy [J] 因,但确切的遗传方式尚需进一步探究。从磁源定 Epilepsia,2011,52(3):515-522 位上来看,皮质作为局灶性起源区域最早出现活[10] Berman r, Negishi m, Vestal m,eta. Simultaneous eeg 动,而完整的皮质-丘脑网络在棘慢波放电的产生和 fMRI, and behavior in typical childhood absence seizures 维持中起关键作用。CAE患儿存在默认网络、背侧 [JJ. Epilepsia,2010,51(10):2011-2022 注意网络、突显网络的变化。然而,仍需研发空间 [11] Unterberger I, Trinka E, Kaplan PW,et al. Generalized 及时间分辨率更高的影像手段或采用多模态融合 nonmotor(absence )seizures -What do absence, general 的方法以进一步探索其磁源定位及网络的动态变 ized, and nonmotor mean? [J]. Epilepsia, 2018, 59(3) 523-529 化特点。CAE具有典型的临床特征和特异性的脑 [12] Li Q, Cao W, Liao X, et al. Altered resting state functional 电图表现。虽然CAE具有自限性,但它却存在着影 network connectivity in children absence epilepsy [j].J 响认知等功能的风险,及早发现风险并采取针对性 Neurol sci,2015,354(1-2):79-8 的干预措施可显著改善患者的生活质量。治疗上[13] Miao a, Tang I, Xiang J,etal. Dynamic magnetic source 乙琥胺、丙戊酸为一线药物。在抗癫痫药物选择上 maging of absence seizure initialization and propagation 认知不良反应是一个重要因素。迷走神经刺激技 a magnetoencephalography study [J]. Epilepsy Res, 2014 术是一种失神癫痫潜在的治疗手段。如果使用严 108(3):468-480 格的诊断标准定义,该疾病预后较好,部分患者预[141 Westmijse, Ossenblok P, Gunning B,etal. Onset and 后不良。 propagation of spike and slow wave discharges in human absence epilepsy: A MEG study [J]. Epilepsia,2009,50 [参考文献] (12):2538-2548 [1] Matricardi S. Verrotti A, Chiarelli F, et al. Current advanc- [15] Holmes MD, Brown M, Tucker DM. Are"generalized"sei- es in childhood absence epilepsy [j].Pediatr Neurol Evidence of localized mesial fro 014,50(3):205-212 tal and frontopolar discharges in absence [J]. Epilepsia [2] Yalcin 0. Genes and molecular mechanisms involved in 2004,45(12):1568-1579 the epileptogenesis of idiopathic absence epilepsies [J]. [16] Blumenfeld H Cellular and network mechanisms of spike- Seizure,2012,21(2):79-86 wave seizures[J]. Epilepsia, 2005.46(Suppl 9): 21-33 [3] Knox AT, Glauser T, Tenney J, et al. Modeling pathogene- [17] Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, et al. Operational classi sis and treatment response in childhood absence epilepsy fication of seizure types by the International League [ J]. Epilepsia,2018,59(1):135-145 Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission [4] Makinson CD, Tanaka BS, Sorokin JM, et al.Regulation for Classification and Terminology [J].Epilepsia, 2017, 58 of Thalamic and Cortical Network Synchrony by Scn8a (4):522-530 [J]. Neuron,2017,93(5):1165-1179 [18] Blumenfeld H. Impaired consciousness in epilepsy [j] [5]胡秀秀,董靖德,王小姗,等.血清神经元特异性烯醇化 Lancet neurol,2012,11(9):814-826 酶与儿童失神癫痫关系的研究[J].南京医科大学学报[19] Sadleir lg, Scheffer ie, Smith s,eta. Automatisms in ab (自然科学版),2010,30(6):837-840 sence seizures in children with idiopathic generalized epi [6] Carney PW, Masterton RA, Harvey AS, et al. The core net- lepsy[J]. Arch Neurol, 2009,66(6):729-734 work in absence epilepsy. Differences in cortical and tha- [20 Sadleir LG, Farrell K, Smith S, et al. Electroclinical fea- lamic BOLD response[J]. Neurology, 2010.75(10):904- ures of absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy [J]. Neurology,2006,67(3):413-418南 京 医 科 大 学 学 报 第39卷第5期 2019年5月 发作。研究显示少数患者(7%)在12~17年随访后 仍有癫痫发作[22] 。但由于国内外各研究在入组及 排除标准、随访时间长度等方面存在一定的差异, 研究结果的可比性相对较差。 7 结语及展望 CAE 是一种常见的儿童期癫痫综合征。其发 病与遗传因素有关,目前研究认为发病累及的基因 有编码γ⁃氨基丁酸、钙离子通道、钠离子通道等的基 因,但确切的遗传方式尚需进一步探究。从磁源定 位上来看,皮质作为局灶性起源区域最早出现活 动,而完整的皮质⁃丘脑网络在棘慢波放电的产生和 维持中起关键作用。CAE患儿存在默认网络、背侧 注意网络、突显网络的变化。然而,仍需研发空间 及时间分辨率更高的影像手段或采用多模态融合 的方法以进一步探索其磁源定位及网络的动态变 化特点。CAE 具有典型的临床特征和特异性的脑 电图表现。虽然CAE具有自限性,但它却存在着影 响认知等功能的风险,及早发现风险并采取针对性 的干预措施可显著改善患者的生活质量。治疗上 乙琥胺、丙戊酸为一线药物。在抗癫痫药物选择上 认知不良反应是一个重要因素。迷走神经刺激技 术是一种失神癫痫潜在的治疗手段。如果使用严 格的诊断标准定义,该疾病预后较好,部分患者预 后不良。 [参考文献] [1] Matricardi S,Verrotti A,Chiarelli F,et al. Current advanc⁃ es in childhood absence epilepsy[J]. Pediatr Neurol, 2014,50(3):205-212 [2] Yalçın Ö. Genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the epileptogenesis of idiopathic absence epilepsies[J]. Seizure,2012,21(2):79-86 [3] Knox AT,Glauser T,Tenney J,et al. Modeling pathogene⁃ sis and treatment response in childhood absence epilepsy [J]. Epilepsia,2018,59(1):135-145 [4] Makinson CD,Tanaka BS,Sorokin JM,et al. Regulation of Thalamic and Cortical Network Synchrony by Scn8a [J]. Neuron,2017,93(5):1165-1179 [5] 胡秀秀,董靖德,王小姗,等. 血清神经元特异性烯醇化 酶与儿童失神癫痫关系的研究[J]. 南京医科大学学报 (自然科学版),2010,30(6):837-840 [6] Carney PW,Masterton RA,Harvey AS,et al. The core net⁃ work in absence epilepsy. Differences in cortical and tha⁃ lamic BOLD response[J]. Neurology,2010,75(10):904- 911 [7] Benuzzi F,Mirandola L,Pugnaghi M,et al. Increased cor⁃ tical BOLD signal anticipates generalized spike and wave discharges in adolescents and adults with idiopathic gen⁃ eralized epilepsies[J]. Epilepsia,2012,53(4):622-630 [8] Lüttjohann A,Van Luijtelaar G. The dynamics of cortico⁃ thalamo⁃cortical interactions at the transition from pre⁃ic⁃ tal to ictal LFPs in absence epilepsy[J]. Neurobiol Dis, 2012,47(1):49-60 [9] Moeller F,Maneshi M,Pittau F,et al. Functional connec⁃ tivity in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy[J]. Epilepsia,2011,52(3):515-522 [10]Berman R,Negishi M,Vestal M,et al. Simultaneous EEG, fMRI,and behavior in typical childhood absence seizures [J]. Epilepsia,2010,51(10):2011-2022 [11]Unterberger I,Trinka E,Kaplan PW,et al. Generalized nonmotor(absence)seizures ⁃ What do absence,general⁃ ized,and nonmotor mean?[J]. Epilepsia,2018,59(3): 523-529 [12]Li Q,Cao W,Liao X,et al. Altered resting state functional network connectivity in children absence epilepsy[J]. J Neurol Sci,2015,354(1⁃2):79-85 [13]Miao A,Tang L,Xiang J,et al. Dynamic magnetic source imaging of absence seizure initialization and propagation: a magnetoencephalography study[J]. Epilepsy Res,2014, 108(3):468-480 [14]Westmijse I,Ossenblok P,Gunning B,et al. Onset and propagation of spike and slow wave discharges in human absence epilepsy:A MEG study[J]. Epilepsia,2009,50 (12):2538-2548 [15]Holmes MD,Brown M,Tucker DM. Are“generalized”sei⁃ zures truly generalized? Evidence of localized mesial fron⁃ tal and frontopolar discharges in absence[J]. Epilepsia, 2004,45(12):1568-1579 [16]Blumenfeld H. Cellular and network mechanisms of spike⁃ wave seizures[J]. Epilepsia,2005,46(Suppl 9):21-33 [17]Fisher RS,Cross JH,French JA,et al. Operational classi⁃ fication of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy:Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology[J]. Epilepsia,2017,58 (4):522-530 [18] Blumenfeld H. Impaired consciousness in epilepsy[J]. Lancet Neurol,2012,11(9):814-826 [19]Sadleir LG,Scheffer IE,Smith S,et al. Automatisms in ab⁃ sence seizures in children with idiopathic generalized epi⁃ lepsy[J]. Arch Neurol,2009,66(6):729-734 [20] Sadleir LG,Farrell K,Smith S,et al. Electroclinical fea⁃ tures of absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy [J]. Neurology,2006,67(3):413-418 ·784·
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