414 TJ.Davis,PA.Claisse /C d Building Materials 14(00)407417 bolted joints timber Initial Stiffness Maximum Slip at Embedmen Wood (N/mm) () ad(m) 279 183 193 30 i68 "Moisture content at test =11t2%. mode of failure.The high-tensile steel bolts were gen- Fig.9.On initial loading the joints exhibited a non-lin- e permanent eormaom None non-recoverable, Within three levels,i.e. nd 04 slip graphs for the tests are shown in imber extreme ductility (Fig.9a) rised results for bolted joints Wood (kN/m (kN/mm) load (m e Splitting 21 18 "Moisture content at test 12+1%. Table4 Wood (kN/mm) 20.7 890645 185806 00004500 三 182 25.5 0.3 27 6 .01 Moisture content at test 7+1%. 414 T.J. Da¨is, P.A. Claisse rConstruction and Building Materials 14 2000 407 ( ) ]417 Table 2 a Summarised results for bolted joints in solid timber Sample Initial Stiffness Maximum Slip at Embedment Wood Failure number stiffness K K load F maximum strength f density mode i s max h 2 3 Ž . Ž . Ž. Ž . Ž . Ž . kNrmm kNrmm kN load mm Nrmm kgrm S-B-1 13.0 17.9 18.3 3.08 34.7 490 Splitting S-B-2 11.3 21.7 17.9 2.79 33.9 490 Splitting S-B-3 11.1 20.7 21.0 3.28 39.8 500 Splitting S-B-4 6.41 10.8 19.3 4.61 36.5 510 Splitting S-B-5 11.7 16.6 21.7 3.83 41.0 510 Splitting S-B-6 8.91 22.4 16.8 2.93 31.9 470 Splitting Ave. 10.4 18.3 19.2 3.42 36.3 490 CoV 0.23 0.24 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.03 a Moisture content at tests11"2%. mode of failure. The high-tensile steel bolts were gen￾erally unaffected, confirming the desired embedment response, although the three strongest Parallam sam￾ples did cause noticeable permanent deformation. None of the glulam samples failed at the glueline, the trans￾verse splitting occurred in the adjacent wood. Typical load-slip graphs for the tests are shown in Fig. 9. On initial loading the joints exhibited a non-lin￾ear, non-recoverable, ‘bedding-in’ response. Within working stress levels, i.e. on reloading, the joints gave a linear load-slip response but on loading beyond 0.4Fest the response was non-linear up to the maximum load, which occurred at a slip of 2]4 mm. Some of the solid timber samples exhibited extreme ductility Fig. 9a Ž . Table 3 a Summarised results for bolted joints in glulam Sample Initial Stiffness Maximum Slip at Embedment Wood Failure number stiffness K K load F maximum strength f density mode i s max h 2 3 Ž . Ž . Ž. Ž . Ž . Ž . kNrmm kNrmm kN load mm Nrmm kgrm G-B-1 11.7 20.0 19.9 3.60 37.6 500 Splitting G-B-2 15.5 24.2 20.0 3.59 37.8 510 Splitting G-B-3 18.4 23.0 22.4 2.88 42.4 550 Splitting G-B-4 8.38 22.1 21.4 3.79 40.5 510 Splitting G-B-5 13.6 21.0 19.4 3.20 36.7 500 Splitting G-B-6 12.0 20.5 22.8 3.80 43.2 510 Splitting Ave. 13.5 22.1 20.6 3.41 39.0 510 CoV 0.28 0.08 0.06 0.11 0.06 0.04 a Moisture content at tests12"1%. Table 4 a Summarised results for bolted joints in microlam Sample Initial Stiffness Maximum Slip at Embedment Wood Failure number stiffness K K load F maximum strength f density mode i s max h 2 3 Ž . Ž . Ž. Ž . Ž . Ž . kNrmm kNrmm kN load mm Nrmm kgrm M-B-1 19.2 20.7 28.0 3.49 54.2 650 Splitting M-B-2 13.8 20.0 30.5 3.24 59.0 640 Splitting M-B-3 18.4 31.8 26.8 2.08 51.9 650 Splitting M-B-4 9.01 18.6 28.0 4.14 54.3 640 Splitting M-B-5 30.4 36.7 24.8 1.35 48.0 630 Splitting M-B-6 26.1 38.1 25.1 1.35 49.9 690 Splitting M-B-7 24.1 40.8 29.0 1.62 57.5 700 Shear M-B-8 25.6 66.1 26.0 1.96 51.6 660 Splitting Ave. 18.2 25.5 27.6 2.86 53.5 640 Cov 0.44 0.32 0.07 0.39 0.07 0.01 a Moisture content at test 7"1%