(16)你要小心哪 (17)你们别吵哇 比较 (18)放下枪,举起手来! 语气助词的其他用法 (19)你听谁说的?别是谣言吧?(老舍) (20)咱们开会吧!(老舍) (21)水离堤面只一尺了。(袁静) (22)刚才我走着回来的,连车都没雇!(老舍) (23)他无非会念几句书罢了,并没有什么真本事。 (24)那还不知道,共产党是抗日的么。(袁静) (25)小水啊,你可是小人办大事,任务不轻啊!(袁静) (26)他呀,从根起的生性,一点不关心自己。(杨朔) (27)譬如喝茶吧,我的这位内兄最懂得喝茶,最讲究喝茶。(曹禺) 4.2.2 Meaning of Subject and Finite The Finite element, as its name implies, has the function of making the proposition finite. That is to say, it circumscribes it; it brings the proposition down to earth. so that it is something that can be argued about a good way to make something arguable is to give it a point of reference in the here and now and this is what the Finite does. It relates the proposition to its context in the speech event This can be done in one of the two ways. One is by reference to the time of speaking(i.e. primary tense); the other is by reference to the jud gment of the speak (i.e. modality ) For example ()An old man was crossing the road (4)It cant be true Primary tense means past, present, or future at the moment of speaking; it is time relative to“now Modality means likely or unlikely(if a proposition ) desirable or undesirable(if a proposal) What these have in common is interpersonal deixis: they locate the exchange within the semantic space that is opened up between speaker and listener With primary tense, the dimension is that of time: primary tense construes time nterpersonally, as defined by what is"present" to you and me at the time of sayi With modality the dimension is that of assessment: modality construes a region of uncertainty where I can express, or ask you to express, an assessment of the valid ity of what is being said Finiteness is thus expressed by means of a verbal operator which is either One further feature which is essential concomitant of finiteness is polarity This is the choice between positive and negative In order for something to be arguable, it has to be specified for polarity: either"is or isnt"(proposition), either"do"or"dont(proposal)4 （16）你要小心哪！ （17）你们别吵哇！ 比较： （18）放下枪，举起手来！ F . 语气助词的其他用法 （19）你听谁说的？别是谣言吧？（老舍） （20）咱们开会吧！（老舍） （21）水离堤面只一尺了。（袁静） （22）刚才我走着回来的，连车都没雇！（老舍） （23）他无非会念几句书罢了，并没有什么真本事。 （24) 那还不知道，共产党是抗日的么。（袁静） （25) 小水啊，你可是小人办大事，任务不轻啊！（袁静） （26）他呀，从根起的生性，一点不关心自己。（杨朔） （27）譬如喝茶吧，我的这位内兄最懂得喝茶，最讲究喝茶。（曹禺） 4.2.2 Meaning of Subject and Finite The Finite element, as its name implies, has the function of making the proposition finite. That is to say, it circumscribes it; it brings the proposition down to earth, so that it is something that can be argued about. A good way to make something arguable is to give it a point of reference in the here and now; and this is what the Finite does. It relates the proposition to its context in the speech event. This can be done in one of the two ways. One is by reference to the time of speaking (i.e. primary tense); the other is by reference to the judgment of the speaker (i.e. modality). For example: (3) An old man was crossing the road. (4) It can’t be true. Primary tense means past, present, or future at the moment of speaking; it is time relative to “now”. Modality means likely or unlikely (if a proposition), desirable or undesirable (if a proposal). What these have in common is interpersonal deixis: they locate the exchange within the semantic space that is opened up between speaker and listener. With primary tense, the dimension is that of time: primary tense construes time interpersonally, as defined by what is “present” to you and me at the time of saying. With modality the dimension is that of assessment: modality construes a region of uncertainty where I can express, or ask you to express, an assessment of the validity of what is being said. Finiteness is thus expressed by means of a verbal operator which is either temporal or modal. One further feature which is essential concomitant of finiteness is polarity. This is the choice between positive and negative. In order for something to be arguable, it has to be specified for polarity: either “is” or “isn’t” (proposition), either “do” or “don’t” (proposal)