Basic Sciences of Medicine Anatomy (A #=)is the study of the physical structure of organisms. In contrast to macroscopic or gross anatomy, cytology and histology are concerned with microscopic structures Biochemistry (E 41t )is the study of the chemistry taking place in living organisms, especially the structure and function of their chemical components Biostatistics(s4' #=)is the application of statistics to biological fields in the broadest sense. a knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation, and interpretation of medical research. It is also fundamental to epidemiology and evidence- based medicine Cytology(细胞学) sthe microscopic study of individual cells Embryology(胚胎学) is the study of the early development of organisms Epidemiology (i1T f)is the study of the demographics of disease processes, and includes, but is not limited to, the study of epidemics Genetics(ii ft )is the study of genes, and their role in biological inheritance Histology (iasR = )is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemist Immunology (R R 4)is the study of the immune system, which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in humans, for example Medical physics(医学物理学) is the study of the applications of physics principles in medicine Microbiology(微生物学) s the study of microorganisms, including protozoa, bacteria,fung, and viruses Neuroscience(i742#)includes those disciplines of science that are related to the study of the nervous system. a main focus of neuroscience is the biology and physiology of the human brain and spinal cord Nutrition(B f=)is the study of the relationship of food and drink to health and disease, especially in determining an optimal diet Medical nutrition therapy is done by dietitians and is prescribed for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, weight and eating disorders, allergies, malnutrition, and neoplastic diseases Pathology as a science(I=)is the study of disease-the causes, course, progression and resolution thereof Pharmacology(药理学) is the study of drugs and their actions Physiology (sIf)is the study of the normal functioning of the body and the underlying regulatory mechanisms Toxicology(毒理学) is the study of hazardous effects of drugs and poisons Anatomy (解剖学) is the study of the physical structure of organisms. In contrast to macroscopic or gross anatomy, cytology and histology are concerned with microscopic structures.  Biochemistry (生物化学) is the study of the chemistry taking place in living organisms, especially the structure and function of their chemical components.  Biostatistics (生物统计学) is the application of statistics to biological fields in the broadest sense. A knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation, and interpretation of medical research. It is also fundamental to epidemiology and evidence￾based medicine.  Cytology (细胞学) is the microscopic study of individual cells.  Embryology (胚胎学) is the study of the early development of organisms.  Epidemiology (流行病学) is the study of the demographics of disease processes, and includes, but is not limited to, the study of epidemics.  Genetics (遗传学) is the study of genes, and their role in biological inheritance.  Histology (组织学) is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.  Immunology (免疫学) is the study of the immune system, which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in humans, for example.  Medical physics (医学物理学) is the study of the applications of physics principles in medicine.  Microbiology (微生物学) is the study of microorganisms, including protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and viruses.  Neuroscience (神经科学) includes those disciplines of science that are related to the study of the nervous system. A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and physiology of the human brain and spinal cord.  Nutrition (营养学) is the study of the relationship of food and drink to health and disease, especially in determining an optimal diet. Medical nutrition therapy is done by dietitians and is prescribed for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, weight and eating disorders, allergies, malnutrition, and neoplastic diseases.  Pathology as a science (病理学) is the study of disease—the causes, course, progression and resolution thereof.  Pharmacology (药理学) is the study of drugs and their actions.  Physiology (生理学) is the study of the normal functioning of the body and the underlying regulatory mechanisms.  Toxicology (毒理学) is the study of hazardous effects of drugs and poisons