Xia Qiang(夏强)，PhD Department of Physiology Rm C518,Block C,Research Building, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Zijingang Campus Tel:882o8252 Email:xiaqiang @zju.edu.cn Introduction to the Course of Basic Medical Sciences
Xia Qiang（夏强）, PhD Department of Physiology Rm C518, Block C, Research Building, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus Tel: 88208252 Email: xiaqiang@zju.edu.cn
Dr Charles Sidney Burwell (Dean of HMS from 1935 to 1949) At an HMS graduation in the late 1940s, he said". Half of what we have taught you is wrong. Unfortunately, we don't know which half Dr. Burwell was a cardiologist who specialized in circulation changes associated with heart disease. He is credited with bringing attention to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In 1944, while Dr. Burwell was Dean, women entered harvard Medical School for the first time on an equal basis with men
At an HMS graduation in the late 1940s, he said “…Half of what we have taught you is wrong. Unfortunately, we don’t know which half.” Dr. Burwell was a cardiologist who specialized in circulation changes associated with heart disease. He is credited with bringing attention to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In 1944, while Dr. Burwell was Dean, women entered Harvard Medical School for the first time on an equal basis with men
nature.com:Sitemap Login i Register nature.com/scientificreports Keep yo nature Full text access provided to Zhe jiang University by ZJU Libraries Home News&Comment Research Careers Jobs Current Issue Archive Audio Video For Authors Current Issue>Books and Arts>Article w Take Nature Publishing Group's readership survey for the chance to win a MacBook Air. Find out more图 NATURE I BOOKS AND ARTS 4 previous article next article r Philosophy What we don t know Michael shermer atue484.446447(26Apri2012)ldoi10.1038/484446a Published online 25 April 2012 SUBMIT NOW Michael Shermer enjoys a reminder that cutting-edge research is a step into the unknown Subject terms Enjoy an exclusive 40 discount! Ignorance: How it Drives Science Stuart Firestein Oxford University Press. 2012. 256 pp. E14.99, s21.95 BN:9780199828074 Selected fea Buy this book: US UK Japan At a press conference in 2002, Donald Rumsfeld, then US secretary of defence,used epistemology to explain US foreign entanglements and their B, print unintended consequences. There are known knowns; there are things we we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say,we download pdf Good science bad science there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown 5 download citation The H5N1 controversy shows how thin the line can
It has been estimated that, from the beginning of civilization-5,ooo years ago or more-until 2003, humanity created a total of five exabytes(billion gigabytes) of information. From 2003 to 2010, we created this amount every two gig days. By 2013, we will be doing so every ten minutes, exceeding within hours all the information currently contained in all the books ever writter So it isn 't that we need more knowledge; it is that we need to distinguish between what we know and what we don't know through what Firestein calls controlled neglect". Researchers must selectively ignore vast quantities of facts and data that block creative solutions and focus on a narrow range of possibilities "To make discoveries, researchers need to look beyond the facts Ignorance includes an important discussion about scientific errors and their propagation in textbooks. I admit that I passed one on in my last book, The Believing Brain(Times Books, 2011): I repeated as gospel the ''that the human brain contains about 1oo billion neurons Firestein reports that it is actually around 8o billion, and that the number of glial cells is an order of magnitude smallerthan most textbooks state The neural spike'recorded by neuroscientists as a fundamental unit of brain activity firestein reminds us is an artefact of our measuring devices and ignores other forms of neural activity. Even the famous and widely printed tongue map, which shows sweet flavours sensed on the tip of the tongue bitter on the back and salt and sour on the sides is wrong -the result of a mistranslation of a German physiology paper. These and other errors arise as a result of our lack of scepticism towards the knowledge we have
"It has been estimated that, from the beginning of civilization —5,000 years ago or more — until 2003, humanity created a total of five exabytes (billion gigabytes) of information. From 2003 to 2010, we created this amount every two days. By 2013, we will be doing so every ten minutes, exceeding within hours all the information currently contained in all the books ever written. So it isn't that we need more knowledge; it is that we need to distinguish between what we know and what we don't know, through what Firestein calls “controlled neglect”. Researchers must selectively ignore vast quantities of facts and data that block creative solutions, and focus on a narrow range of possibilities. "To make discoveries, researchers need to look beyond the facts.” Ignorance includes an important discussion about scientific errors and their propagation in textbooks. I admit that I passed one on in my last book, The Believing Brain (Times Books, 2011): I repeated as gospel the 'fact' that the human brain contains about 100 billion neurons. Firestein reports that it is actually around 80 billion, and that the number of glial cells is an order of magnitude smaller than most textbooks state. The 'neural spike' recorded by neuroscientists as a fundamental unit of brain activity, Firestein reminds us, is an artefact of our measuring devices and ignores other forms of neural activity. Even the famous and widely printed 'tongue map', which shows sweet flavours sensed on the tip of the tongue, bitter on the back and salt and sour on the sides, is wrong — the result of a mistranslation of a German physiology paper. These and other errors arise as a result of our lack of scepticismtowards the knowledge we have
大学课程面向的对象 课程面向对象—已经是成人的大学生 成人学习的主要特点 学习是有目的的 学习是自愿的 学习应当是主动的,不是被动的 应该设定清晰的学习目的和最后目标 需要反馈 应该提供思考的机会
课程面向对象——已经是成人的大学生 成人学习的主要特点： ▪ 学习是有目的的 ▪ 学习是自愿的 ▪ 学习应当是主动的，不是被动的 ▪ 应该设定清晰的学习目的和最后目标 ▪ 需要反馈 ▪ 应该提供思考的机会
新时期对我国医学教育课程体系的 新要求 21世纪医学人才的培养目标: 医学与自然科学、社会科学、生命科学越来越广泛的交叉渗透 现行的基于学科的课程体系无法适应社会对医学人才的需求 国际的: 世界医学教育联合会199年提出的《医学教育全球标准》 世界卫生组织和世界医学教育联合会2001年联合提出的《本科医 学教育国际标准》 国际医学教育专门委员会2002年提出的《全球医学教育最基本要 求》 国内的 我国教育部卫生部2008年联合提出的《本科医学教育标准》
21世纪医学人才的培养目标： ▪ 医学与自然科学、社会科学、生命科学越来越广泛的交叉渗透 ▪ 现行的基于学科的课程体系无法适应社会对医学人才的需求 国际的： ▪ 世界医学教育联合会1999年提出的《医学教育全球标准》 ▪ 世界卫生组织和世界医学教育联合会2001年联合提出的《本科医 学教育国际标准》 ▪ 国际医学教育专门委员会2002年提出的《全球医学教育最基本要 求》 国内的： ▪ 我国教育部卫生部2008年联合提出的《本科医学教育标准》
我国医学教育主要课程体系 基于学科的课程体系 ■通识、基础医学、临床医学“三段式” 以学科为主的教学模式 基于系统的课程体系 ■按照人体器官系统组织课程的教学模式 基于模块的课程体系 通常是根据器官系统或某一主题组织课程,综 合了医学、人文社科、伦理等知识内容 以问题为中心的课程体系
基于学科的课程体系 ▪ 通识、基础医学、临床医学“三段式” ▪ 以学科为主的教学模式 基于系统的课程体系 ▪ 按照人体器官系统组织课程的教学模式 基于模块的课程体系 ▪ 通常是根据器官系统或某一主题组织课程，综 合了医学、人文社科、伦理等知识内容 以问题为中心的课程体系
What iS MED|C|NE(医学)? Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of practices evolved to maintain and restore human health by the prevention and treatment of illness The word medicine is derived from the latin ars medicina, meaning the art of healing
Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of practices evolved to maintain and restore human health by the prevention and treatment of illness The word medicine is derived from the Latin ars medicina, meaning the art of healing
What is medICine(医学) The science of diagnosing, treating, or reventing disease and other damage to the body or mind (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/medicine) Medicine is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through its study, diagnosis,andtreatment(http://www.bio medicine.org/medicine-definition/Medicine/)
The science of diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease and other damage to the body or mind (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/medicine) Medicine is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through its study, diagnosis, and treatment (http://www.biomedicine.org/medicine-definition/Medicine/)
The royal MEDIO SOcIETY of MEDICINE The rod of asclepius, with its single snake, is an ancient greek symbol associated with medicine 蓝色生命之星交 叉的六条臂象征 着急救医疗系统 的六大功能:发 途中监护、转至 院内救治 医神之蛇杖( rod of Asclepius):一條蛇盤 赫密斯之杖( caduceus):兩條蛇之上有 繞一根杖的,稱為醫神之蛇杖( (rod of 對翼的,稱為赫密斯之杖( caduceus)。赫 Asclepius)。所說的醫神叫阿斯克勒庇奥 密斯( Hermes)是希臘神話裡神的信使,專 斯,他是太陽神阿波羅的兒子 管冶煉金術士。因為到了十六世紀末, 煉金術士與醫學關係密切,赫密斯之杖 漸漸地成為一些醫療組織採用的象徵 现代人将双蛇杖视为贸易和运输行业的 象征,也象征著医学以及炼金术 但專業醫療組織認為醫神之杖才是最正統的,而採用赫密斯之杖的多是醫療 行業的商業組織
The Rod of Asclepius, with its single snake, is an ancient Greek symbol associated with medicine 医神之蛇杖(rod of Asclepius)：一條蛇盤 繞一根杖的，稱為醫神之蛇杖(rod of Asclepius)。所說的醫神叫阿斯克勒庇奧 斯，他是太陽神阿波羅的兒子。 赫密斯之杖(caduceus)：兩條蛇之上有一 對翼的，稱為赫密斯之杖(caduceus)。赫 密斯(Hermes)是希臘神話裡神的信使，專 管冶煉金術士。因為到了十六世紀末， 煉金術士與醫學關係密切，赫密斯之杖 漸漸地成為一些醫療組織採用的象徵。 现代人将双蛇杖视为贸易和运输行业的 象征，也象征著医学以及炼金术。 但專業醫療組織認為醫神之杖才是最正統的，而採用赫密斯之杖的多是醫療 行業的商業組織。 蓝色生命之星交 叉的六条臂象征 着急救医疗系统 的六大功能：发 现、报告、反应、 现场抢救、运输 途中监护、转至 院内救治
