上浒充通大率 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY N! ① 二 N!:N factorial N!Nu! w the total number of all the microstates 排列组合问题：N个粒子全排列， 去掉各箱子中粒子全排列 If we have i boxes: AO TONG N! 0 Π，N (Π，N=N1!N2N)ω : the total number of all the microstates 排列组合问题：N个粒子全排列， 去掉各箱子中粒子全排列 If we have i boxes: ! ! ! NI NII N   ! ! i Ni N    ( ! ! !... !) i Ni  N1 N2 Ni N!: N factorial