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级反应举例 化石、种子等古生物体含有C,它包括℃和C,科学研 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 究表明,大气中的比例长期保特恒定,14℃:2℃=1:102。 活的生物体均保持这个比例,生物体死亡后,不再与大气 "for his method to use 有C的交换,而体内C的衰变半衰期为=5730年。 carbon-14 for age ·己知,一张小纸片中,1℃:2℃是现代生物活体 determination in archaeology, 的0.795,求其制造年代。 geology,geophysics,and other branches of science" 第3章 0.693 42=5730y→12= ,k=1.21×10y1 k Willard Frank Libby USA University of California ln“C/“c=kt→ln1/0.795=1.21×10-1 Los Angeles,CA.USA 三1=1900y ·1908-1980 •零级反应 2.温度对化学反应速率的影响 00 反应速率与反应物浓度 1898年,阿仑尼乌斯公式 无关。 0时 A:指前因子 v=k k=e品 2Na+H,0→2NaOH+H, 001 →nk=-E+B RT →ln k E。 -工X>1) k2.303R k2-E。 Svante August Arrhenius In k I3-工I,>TW (1859-1927) 2.303RT2 对比 a Swedish physical chemist best known for his theory that electrolytes,certain Van'tHof方程式 substances that dissolve in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity,are separated,or dissociated,into electrically charged particles,or 器片是 ions,even when there is no current flowing through the solution. K() In 1903 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-bio.html第 3章化学反应概述 一级反应举例 化石、种子等古生物体含有C,它包括12C和14C,科学研 究表明,大气中的比例长期保持恒定, 14C :12C =1:1012。 活的生物体均保持这个比例,生物体死亡后,不再与大气 有C的交换,而体内14C的衰变半衰期为t1/2=5730年。 • 已知,一张小纸片中, 14C :12C是现代生物活体 的0.795,求其制造年代。 14 14 4 0 ln / ln1/ 0.795 1.21 10 C C kt t − =⇒ = × 4 1 1/2 1/2 0.693 t yt k y 5730 , 1.21 10 k − − = ⇒= = × ⇒ =t y 1900 第 3章化学反应概述 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 • Willard Frank Libby USA • University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA • 1908-1980 "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" 第 3章化学反应概述 •零级反应 反应速率与反应物浓度 无关。 2 2 2Na+H O 2NaOH+H → v k = 第 3章化学反应概述 2.温度对化学反应速率的影响 2 21 2 1 1 2 ln ln ( )( ) 2.303 Ea RT a a k Ae E k B RT k TT E T T k R TT − = ⇒ =− + − ⇒= > 1898年,阿仑尼乌斯公式 A:指前因子 第 3章化学反应概述 Van’t Hoff方程式 对比 2 1 12 ( ) 1 1 ln ( ) ( ) KT Hr K T R TT θ θ θ Δ = − 2 21 2 1 1 2 ln ( )( ) 2.303 Ea k TT T T k R TT − = > 第 3章化学反应概述 Svante August Arrhenius (1859-1927) • a Swedish physical chemist • best known for his theory that electrolytes, certain substances that dissolve in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity, are separated, or dissociated, into electrically charged particles, or ions, even when there is no current flowing through the solution. • In 1903 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-bio.html
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