18.3·World Reserves 381 250 200 ■01 ▣Gas 1 50 0 Africa North South Asia Europe Middle Oceania Total America America East FiGURE 18.6.Schematic representation of the number of years the cur- rently known oil(and gas)reserves will last assuming the present con- sumption rate.Source:World Energy Council,London,2000. Developments to promote the usage of alcohol,rapeseed oil (for diesel motors),and other renewable energy sources are use- ful for environmental and possible long-range economic bene- fits.The seed of the rape plant(brassica napus,also called canola, swede or colza)contains about 40%oil,which is mainly used for cooking,soap production,and technical applications.The rape cake that remains after pressing the seeds is rich in proteins and is used as animal fodder.The rape plant is native to Europe but is also cultivated in China and India.Rapeseed oil has been the top oil produced in the European Union and now accounts for more than one third of the total European vegetable oil pro- duction.It has passed the consumption of soy oil.European leaders contemplate obtaining a certain independence from for- eign mineral oil by utilizing rapeseed oil for energy production and transportation.Since specialized engines need to be devel- oped for burning rapeseed oil,a different avenue has been found, (1qqzOIx)sanlasa I!o PLoM 0.8 FIGURE 18.7.Worldwide crude 0.6 oil reserves from 1955 to Rest of world 1995.(Source:"Oil and Gas 0.4 Journal,"March 1996.)The world oil reserves have re- 0.2 OPEC mained fairly stable since this figure was drawn.These 0 reserves at the end of 2002 1955 1960 1965 19701975 1980 1985 1990 1995 are listed as 1.05 X 1012 bbl; Year see Figure 18.3.Developments to promote the usage of alcohol, rapeseed oil (for diesel motors), and other renewable energy sources are use￾ful for environmental and possible long-range economic bene￾fits. The seed of the rape plant (brassica napus, also called canola, swede or colza) contains about 40% oil, which is mainly used for cooking, soap production, and technical applications. The rape cake that remains after pressing the seeds is rich in proteins and is used as animal fodder. The rape plant is native to Europe but is also cultivated in China and India. Rapeseed oil has been the top oil produced in the European Union and now accounts for more than one third of the total European vegetable oil pro￾duction. It has passed the consumption of soy oil. European leaders contemplate obtaining a certain independence from for￾eign mineral oil by utilizing rapeseed oil for energy production and transportation. Since specialized engines need to be devel￾oped for burning rapeseed oil, a different avenue has been found, 18.3 • World Reserves 381 FIGURE 18.6. Schematic representation of the number of years the cur￾rently known oil (and gas) reserves will last assuming the present con￾sumption rate. Source: World Energy Council, London, 2000. 250 50 100 200 150 0 Years Africa North America South America Asia Europe Middle East Oceania Total Oil Gas 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 World oil reserves ( 1012bbl) 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 Year 1980 1985 1990 1995 OPEC Rest of world FIGURE 18.7. Worldwide crude oil reserves from 1955 to 1995. (Source: “Oil and Gas Journal,” March 1996.) The world oil reserves have re￾mained fairly stable since this figure was drawn. These reserves at the end of 2002 are listed as 1.05 1012 bbl; see Figure 18.3