changing your name. Grammar points 省略:在某些状语从句中,如果其主语与主句的主语一致,谓语是(或相当于)系表结 构,这时从句的主语和系动词均可省略。如 While(he was)a student at Oxford University, he published quite a few scientific papers. 当他还是牛津大学学生的时候,他就发表了好几篇科学论文 He is an honest man although(he is)very poor 他虽穷但是诚实 ---Whether(she is )sick or well, she is al ways cheerful 无论是生病还是健康,她总是高高兴兴的。 主语与状语逻辑主语的一致:表示时间,条件以及伴随情况等状语的逻辑主语必须和句子 的主语保持一致,否则意义就会含混不清。如 1)i: Having been delayed by heavy traffic, it was impossible for her to arrive on time. IE: Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she found it impossible to arrive on time 2)i: After finishing his speech, the audience was invited to ask questions IE: After finishing his speech, he invited the audience to ask questions 3)i: Unless acted upon by a force, we cannot move a body at rest IE: Unless acted upon by a force, a body at rest can' t move (除非受到力的作用,否则一个静止的物体是不会移动的。) Section B: Judge by Appearances Reading Skill: Reading for the Main Ideas in Paragraphs The main idea sentence of a paragraph is commonly known as a "topic sentence" or"topic statement".The topic sentence most frequently appears at the beginning of a paragraph, as we can following ole taken Of course, na with a sense can work for you, even encourage nen acquaintances... She was ill at ease.( Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea: Names with a positive sense can work for you But the topic sentence may also appear in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Look at two more examples taken from Reading A 1. Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie/Lynne's professional achievement-- but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents . before they even meet you.( Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea: What you're called can affect your li (The main idea sentence appears in the middle or in the midst of this paragraph. 2. Though your probably meant your name to last a lifetime, .. and with some etermination too. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main idea: You can change your name if you are determined to (The main idea sentence appears at the end of this paragraph. Sometimes the main idea of a paragraph is not directly stated by any one sentence in the paragraph: it is only implied In these cases you have to write a sentence to sum up or state idea of New Words a l(of views or reasons, etc. )well based (指证明,理由)有充分根据的,合情合理的,健全的 There is still no valid research that supports your theory 目前还没有站得住脚的研究可以证明你的理论 2) lawfully effective有效的,具有法律效力的 The marriage was held to be valid 这桩婚事被认为是有效的 2. wrinkle y( cause sth.) to form small lines(使)起皱纹 to wrinkl10 changing your name. Grammar Points 省略：在某些状语从句中，如果其主语与主句的主语一致，谓语是（或相当于）系表结 构，这时从句的主语和系动词均可省略。如： ---While (he was) a student at Oxford University, he published quite a few scientific papers. 当他还是牛津大学学生的时候，他就发表了好几篇科学论文。 ---He is an honest man although (he is) very poor. 他虽穷但是诚实。 ---Whether (she is )sick or well, she is always cheerful. 无论是生病还是健康，她总是高高兴兴的。 主语与状语逻辑主语的一致： 表示时间，条件以及伴随情况等状语的逻辑主语必须和句子 的主语保持一致，否则意义就会含混不清。如： 1） 误：Having been delayed by heavy traffic, it was impossible for her to arrive on time. 正：Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she found it impossible to arrive on time. 2 ） 误 ： After finishing his speech, the audience was invited to ask questions. 正 ： After finishing his speech, he invited the audience to ask questions. 3 ） 误 ： Unless acted upon by a force, we cannot move a body at rest. 正：Unless acted upon by a force, a body at rest can’t move. (除非受到力的作用，否则一个静止的物体是不会移动的。) Section B: Judge by Appearances Reading Skill: Reading for the Main Ideas in Paragraphs The main idea sentence of a paragraph is commonly known as a “topic sentence” or “topic statement”. The topic sentence most frequently appears at the beginning of a paragraph, as we can see in the following example taken from Reading Passage Of course, names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances. … She was ill at ease. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea : Names with a positive sense can work for you. But the topic sentence may also appear in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Look at two more examples taken from Reading A: 1. Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie/Lynne's professional achievement -- but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents … before they even meet you. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea : What you're called can affect your life. (The main idea sentence appears in the middle or in the midst of this paragraph. ) 2. Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, …and with some determination, you can, too. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main idea: You can change your name if you are determined to. (The main idea sentence appears at the end of this paragraph.) Sometimes the main idea of a paragraph is not directly stated by any one sentence in the paragraph: it is only implied. In these cases you have to write a sentence to sum up or state the main idea of a paragraph. New Words 1. valid a.1)(of views or reasons, etc.) well based （指证明，理由）有充分根据的，合情合理的，健全的 ---There is still no valid research that supports your theory. 目前还没有站得住脚的研究可以证明你的理论。 2) lawfully effective 有效的，具有法律效力的 ---The marriage was held to be valid. 这桩婚事被认为是有效的。 2. wrinkle v.(cause sth.) to form small lines (使) 起皱纹 ---The apples are beginning to wrinkle