Teaching Plan Book TwO Unit 6 By Xie Jingxian May,2005
1 Teaching Plan Book Two Unit 6 By Xie Jingxian May, 2005
Book two Unit si Section A: As His Name s. So is hel Preview This writer describes ways names can make a difference. When one woman used her middle name, she felt better and her professional achievement improved. A magazine refused to print the writer's name because it suited a baseball player more than an art expert. At a party, another woman was uncomfortable: the man she wanted the writer to introduce her was the same one she had refused a blind date because of his name The writer thinks we often assign name prejudices to people. One classroom study showed teachers gave lower grades to essays written by boys with certain names than to the very same essays with only the names changed. Similarly, girl's popularity can relate to their names. So the writer suggests if your name doesnt suit you, you can change your name Text Structure Analysis People'snames are related to pparently, teachers prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well wever, teacher prejudice isn't the only ce of classroom difference In a study conducted by Herbert Harari of San diego 1. Dr. Thomas V Busse and Louisa Seraydarian of State University, and John Temple University found those girls with names McDavid of Georgia State such as Linda, Diane, Barbara, Carol, and Cindy Unit performed better on objectively graded IQ and teachers gave consistently achievement tests than did girls with less lower grades on essays appealing names 2. A companion study showed girls written by boys named Elmer with their peers was also related to the popularity and Hubert than they awarded of their names -although the connection was to the same papers when the less clear for b author s names were given as michael and David We find that the main idea of the passage is: People's names are related to their achievements or behavior. the main idea is supported by two viewpoints or opinions: Name can affect classroom achierement and other sources also make classroom differences. Then the first viewpoint or: opinion is supported by a comparison between the grades scored by teachers to the same papers with only supported by two comparisons instead of one. The first comparison is that students with g00d,'o different names. The second viewpoint turns out to be a bit more than the first one as it names performed better than those with less appealing names. And the second comparison is that girls' popularity in relation to the popularity of their names is much clearer than that of the boys
2 Book Two Unit Six Section A: As His Name Is. So Is He! Preview This writer describes ways names can make a difference. When one woman used her middle name, she felt better and her professional achievement improved. A magazine refused to print the writer’s name because it suited a baseball player more than an art expert. At a party, another woman was uncomfortable: the man she wanted the writer to introduce her was the same one she had refused a blind date because of his name. The writer thinks we often assign name prejudices to people. One classroom study showed teachers gave lower grades to essays written by boys with certain names than to the very same essays with only the names changed. Similarly, girl’s popularity can relate to their names. So the writer suggests if your name doesn’t suit you, you can change your name. Text Structure Analysis: We find that the main idea of the passage is: People’s names are related to their achievements or behavior. The main idea is supported by two viewpoints or opinions: Name can affect classroom achievement and other sources also make classroom differences. Then the first viewpoint or: opinion is supported by a comparison between the grades scored by teachers to the same papers with only different names. The second viewpoint turns out to be a bit more than the first one as it is supported by two comparisons instead of one. The first comparison is that students with“good” names performed better than those with less appealing names. And the second comparison is that girls’ popularity in relation to the popularity of their names is much clearer than that of the boys. People’s names are related to their achievements or behavior. Apparently, teacher’s prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well. However, teacher prejudice isn’t the only source of classroom difference. In a study conducted by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University, and John McDavid of Georgia State University, teachers gave consistently lower grades on essays supposedly to have been written by boys named Elmer and Hubert than they awarded to the same papers when the author’s names were given as Michael and David. 1. Dr. Thomas V. Busse and Louisa Seraydarian of Temple University found those girls with names such as Linda, Diane, Barbara, Carol, and Cindy performed better on objectively graded IQ and achievement tests than did girls with less appealing names. 2. A companion study showed girls’ popularity with their peers was also related to the popularity of their names -- although the connection was less clear for boys
Background Information on We have many proper names, which contain cultural background. You can look up almost 0 names, about language origins, elements of names, meanings, namesakes and many other subtopics. The following is a brief explanation of the names that appeared in the reading passage 1)Debbie(f )represents the personality characteristics of generous, understanding, honest creative, and intense. It is a short name of Deborah originally from a Hebrew name for a woman described in the old Testament history of the bible 2)Lynne(f )or Lynn(m )represents the personality characteristics of sensitive, deeply artistic and creative. intense. and nature-lover and comes from Welsh meaning "lake or is a short form of Linda(Spanish), or Belinda(Italian), both meaning " beautiful 3)Webster(m )represents the personality characteristics of original, inventive, friendly, positive, outspoken, and procrastinator and comes from Old English, meaning"weaver 4)Joe(m represents the personality characteristics of spontaneous, social, easy-going, warm, generous, lacking in initiative and is a short form of Joseph, originally from a Hebrew name of famous man in the Old Testament history of the bible 5)Adrian(m )represents the personality characteristics of diplomatic, friendly, lacking in energy, confidence and initiative, and a procrastinator. This name is the English form of Hadrian, the name of a Roman Emperor who built a wall across northern Britain 6) Susan (f )represents the personality characteristics of pleasant, easy-going, friendly, patient ocial. cautious and is a short form of Susanna. It is from the hebrew shoshanna name for a woman in the old Testament history of the bible 7)Harry(m )represents the personality characteristics of individual, reserved, serious, stubborn, alone, loyal, and thoughtful. It is the Medieval English form of Henry, the name of eight kings of England 8)Nigel(m ) represents the personality characteristics of imaginative, creative, inconsistent, insecure, gullible, talkative and is an Italian form of Neil, or a French name meaning " hero. It sometimes associated with the Latin Niger, meaning "black 9)Bertha(f )represents the personality characteristics of idealistic, generous, kind, caring possessive and comes from German, meaning "bright famous". Bertha is well known in German legends as a character who sneaks into nurseries and rocks children to sleep 10) Pope Mel is a humorous reference, meant to show how foolish it would be to put the two names together. "Pope" is a title given to the highest authority of the roman Catholic Church in Rome. "Mel" is possibly a short form of either Melvin(m), or Melanie(f) or Melissa(f), and a playful name which has no meaning in and of itself. 11)Julian(m ) represents the personality characteristics of patient, careful, cautious, conservative, intense and comes from Julius, the name of the last Roman emperor 12)Rory(m )represents the personality characteristics of practical, logical, analytical, systematic, particular, and serious and comes from the Irish, Ruaidhri, meaning red king". It is the name of the last high king of ireland who reigned in the 12th century 13) Elmer(m represents the personality characteristics of shrewd, aggressive, decisive, self centred, and independent and comes from Old English, meaning "noble, famous 14)Hubert(m )represents the personality characteristics of pleasant, diplomatic, sensitive, passive, and procrastinator and comes from German, meaning "bright heart".The Saint Hubert who lived in the 8th Century is the patron saint of hunters 15)Michael (m. represents the personality characteristics of clever, responsible, serious, self- confident and independent and is from the Hebrew name Mikha el meaning who is like God The New Testament of the bible identifies michael as the archangel who leads heavens armies. He is the patron saint of soldiers 16)Linda(f) represents the personality characteristics of hard worker, careful, patient, independent, reliable, and practical and comes from Spanish or Italian, meaning"beautiful
3 Background Information 1. Names We have many proper names, which contain cultural background. You can look up almost 9000 names, about language origins, elements of names, meanings, namesakes and many other subtopics. The following is a brief explanation of the names that appeared in the reading passage. 1) Debbie (f.) represents the personality characteristics of generous, understanding, honest , creative, and intense. It is a short name of Deborah originally from a Hebrew name for a woman described in the Old Testament history of the Bible. 2) Lynne (f.) or Lynn (m.) represents the personality characteristics of sensitive, deeply artistic and creative, intense, and nature-lover and comes from Welsh meaning “lake” or is a short form of Linda (Spanish), or Belinda (Italian), both meaning “beautiful.” 3) Webster (m.) represents the personality characteristics of original, inventive, friendly, positive, outspoken, and procrastinator and comes from Old English, meaning “weaver.” 4) Joe (m.) represents the personality characteristics of spontaneous, social, easy-going, warm, generous, lacking in initiative and is a short form of Joseph, originally from a Hebrew name of a famous man in the Old Testament history of the Bible. 5) Adrian (m.) represents the personality characteristics of diplomatic, friendly, lacking in energy, confidence and initiative, and a procrastinator. This name is the English form of Hadrian, the name of a Roman Emperor who built a wall across northern Britain. 6) Susan (f.) represents the personality characteristics of pleasant, easy-going, friendly, patient, social, cautious and is a short form of Susanna. It is from the Hebrew Shoshanna name for a woman in the Old Testament history of the Bible. 7) Harry (m.) represents the personality characteristics of individual, reserved, serious, stubborn, alone, loyal, and thoughtful. It is the Medieval English form of Henry, the name of eight kings of England. 8) Nigel (m.) represents the personality characteristics of imaginative, creative, inconsistent, insecure, gullible, talkative and is an Italian form of Neil, or a French name meaning “hero.” It is sometimes associated with the Latin Niger, meaning “black.” 9) Bertha (f.) represents the personality characteristics of idealistic, generous, kind, caring, possessive and comes from German, meaning “bright, famous”. Bertha is well known in German legends as a character who sneaks into nurseries and rocks children to sleep. 10) Pope Mel is a humorous reference, meant to show how foolish it would be to put the two names together. “Pope” is a title given to the highest authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Rome. “Mel” is possibly a short form of either Melvin (m.), or Melanie (f.) or Melissa (f.), and is a playful name which has no meaning in and of itself. 11) Julian (m.) represents the personality characteristics of patient, careful, cautious, conservative, intense and comes from Julius, the name of the last Roman emperor. 12) Rory (m.) represents the personality characteristics of practical, logical, analytical, systematic, particular, and serious and comes from the Irish, Ruaidhrí, meaning “red king”. It is the name of the last high king of Ireland who reigned in the 12th century. 13) Elmer (m.) represents the personality characteristics of shrewd, aggressive, decisive, selfcentred, and independent and comes from Old English, meaning “noble, famous”. 14) Hubert (m.) represents the personality characteristics of pleasant, diplomatic, sensitive, passive, and procrastinator and comes from German, meaning “bright heart”. The Saint Hubert who lived in the 8th Century is the patron saint of hunters. 15) Michael (m.) represents the personality characteristics of clever, responsible, serious, selfconfident and independent and is from the Hebrew name Mikha’el meaning “who is like God”. The New Testament of the Bible identifies Michael as the archangel who leads heaven’s armies. He is the patron saint of soldiers. 16) Linda (f.) represents the personality characteristics of hard worker, careful, patient, independent, reliable, and practical and comes from Spanish or Italian, meaning“beautiful
17) Diane(f) represents the personality characteristics of clever, responsible, friendly, serious, reliable, and independent and comes from the French form of Diana, originally from the oman goddess of nature and fertility 18)Barbara(f) represents the personality characteristics of sensitive, artistic, unstable, and self- conscious and comes from the Greek, barbaros, meaning"foreign". Saint Barbara was a woman killed by her father, who was then killed by a bolt of lightning She is the patron of architects geologists, stonemasons and artillerymen 19)Carol(f or m )represents the personality characteristics of quiet, practical, clever, methodical, creative,inventive, analytical, studious, and moody and is an English feminine form of Carolus meaning"song" or"hymn" in English. Note that Carol used to be a masculine name as well but now it is for girls only 20Cindy(f) represents the personality characteristics of idealistic, proactive, mpressionable receptive, candid, self-centred, sensitive, imaginative, visionary, and perfectionist. Cindy is a short form of Cynthi which comes from the Greek," Kynthos", the name of the Greek moon goddess Artemis who was named after the mountain Kynthos on which she and her twin brother apollo were presumably born 2. Temple University Temple University has distinguished faculty in 16 schools and colleges, including four professional schools. Temple has eight campuses and sites in Pennsylvania, international campuses in Rome, Tokyo, and London and programs in China, Korea, Greece, Israel, and other locations throughout the world. The University works in close partnership with community colleges in the region, offering a variety of degree completion options for transfer students. The Libraries of Temple University offer an extensive network of services and resources to support the educational and research needs of faculty and students New words 1. application n1)[U,C] official request申请,请求 Free information will be sent out on application to the office 可向公司函索免费资料 - --l've sent off applications for four different jobs 我已对四份不同的工作寄出了求职信 2)[U, C] act of putting a theory, discovery, etc to practical use 应用,使用,运用 In my business I use word processing applications 在我的业务上,我使用文字处理应用程序 The design has many applica 这项设计有很多用途。 apply for /to --This year, more graduates apply for(= make application for )their first jobs Apply theory to practice 2. substitute vt. put or use sb./sth. to replace sb./sth.else代替,替换,代用 We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. We must replace the broken chair with a new one 我们得用新椅子代替这把破椅子。 Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match 下半场比赛由戴顿换下了威廉。 vi. act or serve as a replacement代替,代用 ---Can you substitute for me at the meeting 你能代替我去开会吗? Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe 在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。 n [Cl person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb. or sth. else
4 17) Diane (f.) represents the personality characteristics of clever, responsible, friendly, serious, reliable, and independent and comes from the French form of Diana, originally from the Roman goddess of nature and fertility. 18) Barbara (f.) represents the personality characteristics of sensitive, artistic, unstable, and selfconscious and comes from the Greek, barbaros, meaning“foreign”. Saint Barbara was a woman killed by her father, who was then killed by a bolt of lightning. She is the patron of architects, geologists, stonemasons and artillerymen. 19) Carol (f. or m.) represents the personality characteristics of quiet, practical, clever, methodical, creative, inventive, analytical, studious, and moody and is an English feminine form of Carolus meaning “song” or “hymn” in English. Note that Carol used to be a masculine name as well but now it is for girls only. 20)Cindy (f.) represents the personality characteristics of idealistic, proactive, impressionable, receptive, candid, self-centred, sensitive, imaginative, visionary, and perfectionist. Cindy is a short form of Cynthi which comes from the Greek, “Kynthos”, the name of the Greek moon goddess Artemis who was named after the mountain Kynthos on which she and her twin brother Apollo were presumably born. 2. Temple University Temple University has distinguished faculty in 16 schools and colleges, including four professional schools. Temple has eight campuses and sites in Pennsylvania, international campuses in Rome, Tokyo, and London, and programs in China, Korea, Greece, Israel, and other locations throughout the world. The University works in close partnership with community colleges in the region, offering a variety of degree completion options for transfer students. The Libraries of Temple University offer an extensive network of services and resources to support the educational and research needs of faculty and students. New Words 1. application n.1) [U, C] official request 申请，请求 ---Free information will be sent out on application to the office. 可向公司函索免费资料。 ---I've sent off applications for four different jobs. 我已对四份不同的工作寄出了求职信。 2) [U, C] act of putting a theory, discovery, etc. to practical use 应用，使用，运用 ---In my business I use word processing applications. 在我的业务上，我使用文字处理应用程序。 ---The design has many applications. 这项设计有很多用途。 apply for / to: --This year ,more graduates apply for (= make application for)their first jobs. --Apply theory to practice. 2. substitute vt.put or use sb. / sth. to replace sb. / sth. else 代替，替换，代用 ---We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. = We must replace the broken chair with a new one. 我们得用新椅子代替这把破椅子。 ---Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match. 下半场比赛由戴顿换下了威廉。 vi.act or serve as a replacement 代替，代用 ---Can you substitute for me at the meeting? 你能代替我去开会吗？ ---Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. 在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。 n.[C] person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb. or sth. else
代理人,代替的人,代用品,代用物 The manager was unable to attend but sent his secretary as a substitute 经理不能出席,但派了他的秘书代替他出席 The teacher's ill, so a substitute is teaching today 那位教师生病了,因此今天由一位代课教师在上课 3. confidence n.1)[ U] feeling of certainty; trust in ones own ability信心,自信 confident adj - --He answered the questions with confidence 他很自信地回答了问题 ---She lacks confidence. I've never known anyone so shy and unsure of themselves.她缺少自信。我从未见过如此胆怯和对自己没有信心的人。 2)[U] trust(in sb., in sb. ' s ability, or in what is said, reported, etc. 信赖,信任,相信 confidential ad j Don' t put too much confidence in what the papers say 不要过分相信报纸上所说的 I have every confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job 我对她充满信心。她干这项工作完全合适。 4. characteristic a representative特有的,独特的 Such honesty is characteristic of him 这种诚实是他的典型作风。 ith the friendly and generous care so characteristic of these people, they opened their house to over fifty guests 这些人由于本性乐善好施,在家里接待了五十多个客人 n.C] special quality特点,特征 What characteristics separate Americans from Canadians 美国人和加拿大人的性格特点有什么不同? 5. approval on approval(idm):(of goods) supplied to a customer on condition that they may be returned if they are not satisfactory(指货物不满意可退的) 6. reserve n.1)[ U] the habit of not showing one's feelings or thoughts矜持,拘谨 ---He was a man of such reserve that not even his closest friends really understood him 他是一个如此拘谨的人,甚至他最亲密的朋友都不能真正理解他。 --A few drinks broke through his reserve 几杯酒下肚他就打开了话匣子。 2)[C,U] thing kept for later use留待以后用的东西,储备量 -I have a reserve of food in case of emergencies 我储备了些粮食,以防万 vt1) keep sth. for a particular purpose or time保留,留出,储备 I reserve Mondays for cleaning up my desk and answering letters 我留出周一来清理书桌,答复信件。 Reserve your strength for the climb 留点力气爬山吧 2)order(seats, accommodation, etc. )for use by a particular person at a future time firEEX 保留(座位、席位),登记 --.I rang the hotel to reserve a double room for a week 我打电话给旅馆预定一个双人房间为期一周 If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me 如果你先到达那里,请给我预定一个座位 7. specific a.l) detailed and exact具体的,明确的 .I asked you a specific question Please give me a specific answer 我问你一个具体的问题,请你给我明确的回答。 Are you doing anything specific this weekend? 这个周末你有什么特别的事要做?
5 代理人，代替的人，代用品，代用物 ---The manager was unable to attend but sent his secretary as a substitute. 经理不能出席，但派了他的秘书代替他出席。 ---The teacher's ill, so a substitute is teaching today. 那位教师生病了，因此今天由一位代课教师在上课。 3. confidence n.1) [U] feeling of certainty; trust in one's own ability 信心，自信 confident adj ---He answered the questions with confidence. 他很自信地回答了问题。 ---She lacks confidence. I've never known anyone so shy and unsure of themselves. 她缺少自信。我从未见过如此胆怯和对自己没有信心的人。 2) [U] trust (in sb., in sb.'s ability, or in what is said, reported, etc.) 信赖，信任，相信 confidential adj. ----Don't put too much confidence in what the papers say. 不要过分相信报纸上所说的。 ---I have every confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job. 我对她充满信心。她干这项工作完全合适。 4. characteristic a.representative 特有的，独特的 ---Such honesty is characteristic of him. 这种诚实是他的典型作风。 ---With the friendly and generous care so characteristic of these people, they opened their house to over fifty guests. 这些人由于本性乐善好施，在家里接待了五十多个客人。 n.[C] special quality 特点，特征 ---What characteristics separate Americans from Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的性格特点有什么不同？ 5. approval: on approval(idm): (of goods) supplied to a customer on condition that they may be returned if they are not satisfactory （指货物不满意可退的） 6. reserve n.1) [U] the habit of not showing one's feelings or thoughts 矜持，拘谨 ---He was a man of such reserve that not even his closest friends really understood him. 他是一个如此拘谨的人，甚至他最亲密的朋友都不能真正理解他。 ---A few drinks broke through his reserve. 几杯酒下肚他就打开了话匣子。 2) [C, U] thing kept for later use 留待以后用的东西，储备量 ---I have a reserve of food in case of emergencies. 我储备了些粮食，以防万一。 vt.1) keep sth. for a particular purpose or time 保留，留出，储备 ---I reserve Mondays for cleaning up my desk and answering letters. 我留出周一来清理书桌，答复信件。 ---Reserve your strength for the climb. 留点力气爬山吧。 2) order (seats, accommodation, etc.) for use by a particular person at a future time 预定或 保留（座位、席位），登记 ---I rang the hotel to reserve a double room for a week. 我打电话给旅馆预定一个双人房间为期一周。 ---If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me. 如果你先到达那里，请给我预定一个座位。 7. specific a.1)detailed and exact具体的，明确的 ---I asked you a specific question. Please give me a specific answer. 我问你一个具体的问题 ，请你给我明确的回答。 ---Are you doing anything specific this weekend? 这个周末你有什么特别的事要做？
2) relating to one particular thing,et; not general特有的,特定的 The money is to be used for a specific purpose the building of the new theatre. itEM 将专款专用:兴建新剧院 8. latter a 1 )being the second of two people, things or groups mentioned before (两者中的)后者的 There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive. TEv 椅有塑料制的和木制的,但是后者贵得多 2) near to the end of a period后面的 Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year 修建新图书馆的工程应在明年下半年开始 -In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire 在战斗的后阶段他开始感到累了 n[the - ] the second of two things or people already mentioned/ g 'e have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive l'd rather do the latter first. i 们得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些-我情愿先装饰客厅。 My support the former plan, but personally I'm for the latter 许多人支持前面那个计划,但我个人赞同后者。 former: antonym of latter后者 9. prominent a.l) )important,wel- known重要的,杰出的,显著的,著名的 .The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. i 府应该在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用 2) sticking out from a surface突出的,凸起的 She has a rather prominent nose.她的鼻子很高。 10. refine vt1)make(sb./sth) more elegant使文雅,使高尚 Delia has been refined. You can't imagine she is now an elegant lady 德丽娅现在变文雅了。你想象不到她已是一位优雅的女士了 2) )to make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material提炼,精炼 Oil is industrially refined.燃料油是经工业提炼而成的 11. acquaintance n1)[C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend相识的人 He has a lot of business acquaintances but very few real friends 他有许多生意上的熟人,但真正的朋友却很少 -- He has a wide circle of acquaintances.他交际甚广。 2)[U]( often sligh) knowledge of sb./sth.了解 --He has acquaintance with the Japanese language 他略懂一些日语 Make the acquaintance of sb= make sb' s acquaintance与人结识 have a( nodding) acquaintance with sb与某人有(点头)之交 12. stereotype vt form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the characteristics of a certain group of people or things对……形成固定看法 The study says that British advertisements stereotype women 该项研究说英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。 The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people. HAfit 评警方对黑人有成见 C] image, idea, character, etc that has become fixed in a routine form 固定的形象,陈规,老套,旧框框 He doesn't fit the national stereotype of a frenchman 他不是个符合法国模式的法国人 The characters in the book are just stereotypes 这书中的角色只是些僵化的人物 13. confess v 1)admit often unwillingly ]ki confess doing I'm rather bored. I must confess
6 2) relating to one particular thing, etc.; not general 特有的，特定的 ---The money is to be used for a specific purpose: the building of the new theatre. 这笔款 将专款专用：兴建新剧院。 8. latter a.1)being the second of two people, things or groups mentioned before （两者中的）后者的 ---There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive. 花园 椅有塑料制的和木制的，但是后者贵得多。 2) near to the end of a period 后面的 ---Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. 修建新图书馆的工程应在明年下半年开始。 ---In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire. 在战斗的后阶段他开始感到累了。 n.[the ~ ] the second of two things or people already mentioned后者 ---We have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive. I'd rather do the latter first. 我 们得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些--我情愿先装饰客厅。 ---My support the former plan, but personally I'm for the latter. 许多人支持前面那个计划，但我个人赞同后者。 former : antonym of latter 后者 9. prominent a.1)important; well-known 重要的，杰出的，显著的，著名的 ---The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. 政 府应该在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用。 2) sticking out from a surface 突出的，凸起的 ---She has a rather prominent nose. 她的鼻子很高。 10. refine vt.1) make (sb. / sth.) more elegant 使文雅，使高尚 ---Delia has been refined. You can't imagine she is now an elegant lady. 德丽娅现在变文雅了。你想象不到她已是一位优雅的女士了。 2)to make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material 提炼，精炼 ---Oil is industrially refined. 燃料油是经工业提炼而成的。 11. acquaintance n.1) [C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识的人 ---He has a lot of business acquaintances but very few real friends. 他有许多生意上的熟人，但真正的朋友却很少。 ---He has a wide circle of acquaintances. 他交际甚广。 2）[U] (often slight) knowledge of sb. / sth.了解 ---He has some little acquaintance with the Japanese language. 他略懂一些日语。 Make the acquaintance of sb = make sb’s acquaintance 与人结识; have a (nodding) acquaintance with sb 与某人有（点头）之交 12. stereotype vt.form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the characteristics of a certain group of people or things 对... ...形成固定看法 ---The study says that British advertisements stereotype women. 该项研究说英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。 ---The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people. 有人批 评警方对黑人有成见。 n.[C] image, idea, character, etc. that has become fixed in a routine form 固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框 ---He doesn't fit the national stereotype of a Frenchman. 他不是个符合法国模式的法国人。 ---The characters in the book are just stereotypes. 这书中的角色只是些僵化的人物。 13. confess v.1) admit often unwillingly 承认 confess doing ---I'm rather bored, I must confess
我不得不承认我有点厌烦了 He confessed that he had slept through the second half of the film 他承认电影放到一半后他一直在睡觉 2) admit that one has done sth wrong,esp. when what you have done is secret坦白,供认 he confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring 她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。 I'm afraid that I've got something to confess: I've broken your vase 恐怕有件事我得告诉你-我打破了你的花瓶。 Ie.g. The man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager of the company A)have told B)be told C) being tol D) having told 4. thoughtful a 1 )thinking deeply深思的,思考的 The doctor looked thoughtful for a moment and then started to writ omething on the pape 医生仔细考虑了片刻,开始在纸上写了起来 When Beth is writing a letter. she looks thoughtful 当贝思写信时,她看上去像在思索。 2)( considerate) showing care for the need of others 体贴的,关心的,考虑周到的 She's a very thoughtful person 她是个很体贴别人的人。 Thank you for phoning to see if I was feeling better-it was very thoughtful of you. if 谢你打电话问我是否觉得好点了-你真关心人 15. award vt give esp. as the result of an official decision授予,给予 The university has awarded Jane $500 for travel she was awarded a medal for bravery 她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章 n[C]sth. awarded奖品 They have given an award of s900 to each of the winners 他们给予每位获胜者900美元奖励 16. objective a not influenced by personal feelings; fair 不受个人感情影响的,客观的,公正的 How can you make an objective decision if she's your own daughter? 如果她是你的女儿,你怎么可能做出客观的决定呢? - --lt is an objective report 这是一篇客观的报道 nC] thing aimed at or wished for; purpose目标,目的 Her main objective now is simply to become an internationally famous 她现在的主要目标就是成为一名具有世界声望的科学家 -i don't know what his objectives were in making such a criticism? 我不知道他这样指责的目的是什么? subjective: antonym of objective主观的,受个人感情支配的 17. despair vi have lost all hope失望,绝望 We've despaired of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months 我们对他非常失望,没有哪一个工作他能干半年以上 Don't despair! Well find a way out! 不要绝望!我们会找到解决办法的! n)[U] state of having lost all hope失望,绝望 gave up the struggle in despa 他绝望地放弃了斗争 To the despair of her teachers, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. <tip 们感到失望的是,尼科尔从来不做布置给她的作业
7 我不得不承认我有点厌烦了。 ---He confessed that he had slept through the second half of the film. 他承认电影放到一半后他一直在睡觉。 2) admit that one has done sth. wrong, esp. when what you have done is secret坦白，供认 ---She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring. 她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。 ---I'm afraid that I've got something to confess: I've broken your vase. 恐怕有件事我得告诉你--我打破了你的花瓶。 [e.g.] The man in the corner confessed to ____ a lie to the manager of the company. A) have told B) be told C) being told D) having told 14. thoughtful a.1)thinking deeply深思的，思考的 ---The doctor looked thoughtful for a moment and then started to write something on the paper. 医生仔细考虑了片刻，开始在纸上写了起来。 ---When Beth is writing a letter, she looks thoughtful. 当贝思写信时，她看上去像在思索。 2) （ considerate）showing care for the need of others 体贴的，关心的，考虑周到的 ---She's a very thoughtful person. 她是个很体贴别人的人。 ---Thank you for phoning to see if I was feeling better - it was very thoughtful of you. 谢 谢你打电话问我是否觉得好点了--你真关心人。 15. award vt.give esp. as the result of an official decision 授予，给予 ---The university has awarded Jane $500 for travel. 大学给予简500美元旅行补助。 ---She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章。 n.[C] sth. awarded奖品 ---They have given an award of $900 to each of the winners. 他们给予每位获胜者900美元奖励。 16. objective a.not influenced by personal feelings; fair 不受个人感情影响的，客观的，公正的 ---How can you make an objective decision if she's your own daughter? 如果她是你的女儿，你怎么可能做出客观的决定呢？ ---It is an objective report. 这是一篇客观的报道。 n.[C] thing aimed at or wished for; purpose 目标，目的 ---Her main objective now is simply to become an internationally famous scientist. 她现在的主要目标就是成为一名具有世界声望的科学家。 ---I don't know what his objectives were in making such a criticism? 我不知道他这样指责的目的是什么？ subjective : antonym of objective 主观的，受个人感情支配的 17. despair vi.have lost all hope 失望，绝望 ---We've despaired of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. 我们对他非常失望，没有哪一个工作他能干半年以上。 ---Don't despair! We'll find a way out! 不要绝望！我们会找到解决办法的！ n.1) [U] state of having lost all hope 失望，绝望 ---He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。 ---To the despair of her teachers, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. 令老师 们感到失望的是，尼科尔从来不做布置给她的作业
2) person who makes other people give up hope令人感到不可救药的人 He's the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job 他让父母束手无策,因为他对找工作没有表现出一点兴趣 -Your son is the despair of all his teachers 你的儿子令所有的老师感到头痛 18. label n D)[C] descriptive word or words applied to a person, group, etc 用以形容人、团体等的)称号,外号 A critic called her first novel"super-romantic"and the label has stuck 一位评论家称他的第一部小说为"超级浪漫小说",于是那部小说得了这一雅号 2)[CI piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc. on or beside an object and describing its nature name, owner,etc.标签,签条 I read the information on the label before deciding which to buy 我先看标签上的说明,然后才决定买哪一种 Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases 记住在衣箱上贴上几张地址标签。 vt.) describe sb./sth.把.称为 - --His work is difficult to label precisely. 他的工作难以准确描述 If you spend any time in prison you're labeled a criminal for the rest of your life. s%I 坐过牢,你将一辈子被看作罪犯。 2) put a label or labels on sth.把标签贴在……上,用标签标明 ---He was busy labeling all the bottles of wine that he'd made that year 他忙着给所有装有他那年酿的酒的瓶子贴上标签 This jam is labeled"apple and banana" 这瓶果酱上贴着标签”苹果和香蕉 19. convey to make(ideas, feelings, etc. known to another person 表达(思想、感情);转达 Please convey my good wishes to your mothe 请向你母亲转达我的良好祝愿 If you see James, do convey my regrets to him 要是你见到詹姆斯,请向他转达我的歉意 20. even so in spite of that虽然这样,然而,不过 There are many spelling mistakes; even so it,'s quite a good essay 然有很多拼写错误,但这仍不失为是一篇相当不错的文章 I had a terrible headache. but even so i went to the concer 我头痛得厉害,但我还是去了音乐会 21. turn down refuse to consider拒绝,驳回 He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health 他想参军,但因身体不好被拒绝。 Why was I turned down for the job? Is it because I'm a woman? 为什么不让我做那项工作?因为我是一个女人吗 press for sth. make repeated and demanding request for sth 反复请求,紧急请求 The chairman is pressing for improved working conditions 主席一再要求改善工作条件 lany parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened 许多家长一直迫切要求重新开办当地那所学校 23. be ill at ease uncomfortable; embarrassed不自在,困窘 pat felt ill at ease with his family, wondering whether or not to announce his news. ta+ 和家人在一起很不自在,不知是否要宣布他的事 ---She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother 母亲批评她的时候,她觉得非常得困窘。 24. free from not influenced or damaged by sth. dangerous
8 2) person who makes other people give up hope 令人感到不可救药的人 ---He's the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job. 他让父母束手无策，因为他对找工作没有表现出一点兴趣。 ---Your son is the despair of all his teachers. 你的儿子令所有的老师感到头痛。 18. label n.1)[C] descriptive word or words applied to a person, group, etc. (用以形容人、团体等的)称号，外号 ---A critic called her first novel "super-romantic" and the label has stuck. 一位评论家称他的第一部小说为"超级浪漫小说"，于是那部小说得了这一雅号。 2) [C] piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc. on or beside an object and describing its nature, name, owner, etc. 标签，签条 ---I read the information on the label before deciding which to buy. 我先看标签上的说明，然后才决定买哪一种。 ---Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases. 记住在衣箱上贴上几张地址标签。 vt.1)describe sb. / sth. 把... ...称为 ---His work is difficult to label precisely. 他的工作难以准确描述。 --- If you spend any time in prison you're labeled a criminal for the rest of your life.如果你 坐过牢，你将一辈子被看作罪犯。 2) put a label or labels on sth. 把标签贴在... ...上，用标签标明 ---He was busy labeling all the bottles of wine that he'd made that year. 他忙着给所有装有他那年酿的酒的瓶子贴上标签。 ---This jam is labeled "apple and banana". 这瓶果酱上贴着标签"苹果和香蕉"。 19. convey to make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another person 表达（思想、感情）；转达 ---Please convey my good wishes to your mother. 请向你母亲转达我的良好祝愿。 ---If you see James, do convey my regrets to him. 要是你见到詹姆斯，请向他转达我的歉意。 20. even so in spite of that 虽然这样，然而，不过 ---There are many spelling mistakes; even so it's quite a good essay. 虽然有很多拼写错误，但这仍不失为是一篇相当不错的文章。 ---I had a terrible headache, but even so I went to the concert. 我头痛得厉害，但我还是去了音乐会。 21. turn down refuse to consider 拒绝，驳回 ---He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health. 他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝。 ---Why was I turned down for the job? Is it because I'm a woman? 为什么不让我做那项工作？因为我是一个女人吗？ 22. press for sth. make repeated and demanding request for sth. 反复请求，紧急请求 ---The chairman is pressing for improved working conditions. 主席一再要求改善工作条件。 ---Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened. 许多家长一直迫切要求重新开办当地那所学校。 23. be ill at ease uncomfortable; embarrassed 不自在，困窘 ---Pat felt ill at ease with his family, wondering whether or not to announce his news. 帕特 和家人在一起很不自在，不知是否要宣布他的事。 ---She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother. 母亲批评她的时候，她觉得非常得困窘。 24. free from not influenced or damaged by sth. dangerous
不具.的,未受危险伤害的 ---ls the President free from prejudice? 难道总统没有偏见吗? Make sure the wound is free from dirt? 要保证伤口不能沾上污物 25. take charge of( be in charge of take control of, become responsible for 负责管理,对……负责 The department was badly organized until she took charge of it 在她负责以前这个部门曾是一团糟。 The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. g 板让他在她离开时掌管办公室几天。 Language points 1. As His Name Is, So Is He! (Title) Meaning: His nature or manner as a man is similar to what he is called his name he“as…so” here is used to express parallelism or proportionality.(表示类比) As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.沙漠似海,骆驼似舟 -- As is the teacher, so is the pupil.有其师必有其徒 (There is also a possibility not to invert part of the sentence. s you treat me, so I shall treat you.你怎样对待我,我也将怎样对待你 .As time went on, so their hopes began to decrease 随着时间的推移,他们的希望开始变得越来越小了。 2. .. while filling out an application form. Para. 2 In adverbial clauses of time introduced by the conjunction" while”(and"when'”,“ until”, as soon as,"once, etc. ) we may have finite verb forms or non-finite verb forms. So this clause of time may be rewritten as:... while she was filling out an application form More examples She was singing a tune while she was working (or: She was singing a tune while working.)她边干活边哼曲子。 3. .. it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. (Para. 3) Meaning:. it surely helped although it helped only by adding a bit of self-confidence to if: conj. accepting that, although This is a pleasant if noisy child.这孩子挺可爱,虽说有点闹 t is a nice house, if a little expensiⅳve.这房子不错,虽说价钱高了 4.... qualities. may be suggested by your name.(Para. 3) suggest: vt. make clear indirectly, indicate, signal -- Her expression suggested anger她脸上的表情说明她生气了。 The disorganized meeting suggested a lack of proper planning 会议组织混乱,表明缺乏事先筹划 I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete. ( Para. 4) Meaning: I think it likely that if my name were Arthur or Adrian, (a name suggesting that a person is more polite, better educated and better-mannered), my full name would have been printed in my by-line names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances.(Para. 5) Meaning:. names that suggest good qualities to other people can help you to your advantage in some way, and even give other people encouragement to get to know you we're all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent.(Para. 6) Meaning:.all of us are wrong to some degree to attach too simple an image to people according to the qualities suggested by their names 8.. we project name-based stereotypes on people, ...(Para. 6) Meaning:.. we imagine that people have the qualities suggested by their names 9. .. you aren' t stuck with the label. (Para. 8) Meaning:. if you dont like your name given by your parents, you can get rid of it by
9 不具……的，未受危险伤害的 ---Is the President free from prejudice? 难道总统没有偏见吗？ ---Make sure the wound is free from dirt? 要保证伤口不能沾上污物。 25. take charge of （ be in charge of ） take control of; become responsible for 负责管理，对……负责 ---The department was badly organized until she took charge of it. 在她负责以前这个部门曾是一团糟。 ---The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. 老 板让他在她离开时掌管办公室几天。 Language Points 1. As His Name Is, So Is He! (Title) Meaning: His nature or manner as a man is similar to what he is called, his name. The “as … so” here is used to express parallelism or proportionality. (表示类比) ---As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。 ---As is the teacher, so is the pupil. 有其师必有其徒。 (There is also a possibility not to invert part of the sentence. ) ---As you treat me, so I shall treat you. 你怎样对待我，我也将怎样对待你。 ---As time went on, so their hopes began to decrease. 随着时间的推移，他们的希望开始变得越来越小了。 2. ... while filling out an application form ... (Para. 2) In adverbial clauses of time introduced by the conjunction “while” (and “when”, “until”, “as soon as”, “once”, etc.), we may have finite verb forms or non-finite verb forms. So this clause of time may be rewritten as: ... while she was filling out an application form ... More examples: ---She was singing a tune while she was working. (or: She was singing a tune while working.) 她边干活边哼曲子。 3. ... it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents.(Para. 3) Meaning: ... it surely helped although it helped only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. if: conj. accepting that, although ---This is a pleasant if noisy child. 这孩子挺可爱, 虽说有点闹。 ---It is a nice house, if a little expensive. 这房子不错, 虽说价钱高了 4. ... qualities ... may be suggested by your name ... (Para. 3) suggest: vt. make clear indirectly, indicate, signal ---Her expression suggested anger. 她脸上的表情说明她生气了。 ---The disorganized meeting suggested a lack of proper planning. 会议组织混乱, 表明缺乏事先筹划。 5. I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete. (Para. 4) Meaning: I think it likely that if my name were Arthur or Adrian, (a name suggesting that a person is more polite, better educated and better-mannered), my full name would have been printed in my by-line. 6. ... names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances. (Para. 5) Meaning: ... names that suggest good qualities to other people can help you to your advantage in some way, and even give other people encouragement to get to know you. 7. ... we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (Para. 6) Meaning: ...all of us are wrong to some degree to attach too simple an image to people according to the qualities suggested by their names. 8. ... we project name-based stereotypes on people, ... (Para. 6) Meaning: ... we imagine that people have the qualities suggested by their names... 9. ... you aren’t stuck with the label. (Para. 8) Meaning: ...if you don’t like your name given by your parents, you can get rid of it by
changing your name. Grammar points 省略:在某些状语从句中,如果其主语与主句的主语一致,谓语是(或相当于)系表结 构,这时从句的主语和系动词均可省略。如 While(he was)a student at Oxford University, he published quite a few scientific papers. 当他还是牛津大学学生的时候,他就发表了好几篇科学论文 He is an honest man although(he is)very poor 他虽穷但是诚实 ---Whether(she is )sick or well, she is al ways cheerful 无论是生病还是健康,她总是高高兴兴的。 主语与状语逻辑主语的一致:表示时间,条件以及伴随情况等状语的逻辑主语必须和句子 的主语保持一致,否则意义就会含混不清。如 1)i: Having been delayed by heavy traffic, it was impossible for her to arrive on time. IE: Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she found it impossible to arrive on time 2)i: After finishing his speech, the audience was invited to ask questions IE: After finishing his speech, he invited the audience to ask questions 3)i: Unless acted upon by a force, we cannot move a body at rest IE: Unless acted upon by a force, a body at rest can' t move (除非受到力的作用,否则一个静止的物体是不会移动的。) Section B: Judge by Appearances Reading Skill: Reading for the Main Ideas in Paragraphs The main idea sentence of a paragraph is commonly known as a "topic sentence" or"topic statement".The topic sentence most frequently appears at the beginning of a paragraph, as we can following ole taken Of course, na with a sense can work for you, even encourage nen acquaintances... She was ill at ease.( Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea: Names with a positive sense can work for you But the topic sentence may also appear in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Look at two more examples taken from Reading A 1. Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie/Lynne's professional achievement-- but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents . before they even meet you.( Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea: What you're called can affect your li (The main idea sentence appears in the middle or in the midst of this paragraph. 2. Though your probably meant your name to last a lifetime, .. and with some etermination too. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main idea: You can change your name if you are determined to (The main idea sentence appears at the end of this paragraph. Sometimes the main idea of a paragraph is not directly stated by any one sentence in the paragraph: it is only implied In these cases you have to write a sentence to sum up or state idea of New Words a l(of views or reasons, etc. )well based (指证明,理由)有充分根据的,合情合理的,健全的 There is still no valid research that supports your theory 目前还没有站得住脚的研究可以证明你的理论 2) lawfully effective有效的,具有法律效力的 The marriage was held to be valid 这桩婚事被认为是有效的 2. wrinkle y( cause sth.) to form small lines(使)起皱纹 to wrinkl
10 changing your name. Grammar Points 省略：在某些状语从句中，如果其主语与主句的主语一致，谓语是（或相当于）系表结 构，这时从句的主语和系动词均可省略。如： ---While (he was) a student at Oxford University, he published quite a few scientific papers. 当他还是牛津大学学生的时候，他就发表了好几篇科学论文。 ---He is an honest man although (he is) very poor. 他虽穷但是诚实。 ---Whether (she is )sick or well, she is always cheerful. 无论是生病还是健康，她总是高高兴兴的。 主语与状语逻辑主语的一致： 表示时间，条件以及伴随情况等状语的逻辑主语必须和句子 的主语保持一致，否则意义就会含混不清。如： 1） 误：Having been delayed by heavy traffic, it was impossible for her to arrive on time. 正：Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she found it impossible to arrive on time. 2 ） 误 ： After finishing his speech, the audience was invited to ask questions. 正 ： After finishing his speech, he invited the audience to ask questions. 3 ） 误 ： Unless acted upon by a force, we cannot move a body at rest. 正：Unless acted upon by a force, a body at rest can’t move. (除非受到力的作用，否则一个静止的物体是不会移动的。) Section B: Judge by Appearances Reading Skill: Reading for the Main Ideas in Paragraphs The main idea sentence of a paragraph is commonly known as a “topic sentence” or “topic statement”. The topic sentence most frequently appears at the beginning of a paragraph, as we can see in the following example taken from Reading Passage Of course, names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances. … She was ill at ease. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea : Names with a positive sense can work for you. But the topic sentence may also appear in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Look at two more examples taken from Reading A: 1. Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie/Lynne's professional achievement -- but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents … before they even meet you. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main Idea : What you're called can affect your life. (The main idea sentence appears in the middle or in the midst of this paragraph. ) 2. Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, …and with some determination, you can, too. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 6) Main idea: You can change your name if you are determined to. (The main idea sentence appears at the end of this paragraph.) Sometimes the main idea of a paragraph is not directly stated by any one sentence in the paragraph: it is only implied. In these cases you have to write a sentence to sum up or state the main idea of a paragraph. New Words 1. valid a.1)(of views or reasons, etc.) well based （指证明，理由）有充分根据的，合情合理的，健全的 ---There is still no valid research that supports your theory. 目前还没有站得住脚的研究可以证明你的理论。 2) lawfully effective 有效的，具有法律效力的 ---The marriage was held to be valid. 这桩婚事被认为是有效的。 2. wrinkle v.(cause sth.) to form small lines (使) 起皱纹 ---The apples are beginning to wrinkle