Unit Seven Section a:a rose is a rose Warm-up questions 1. What gift will you choose to give your lover on Valentine's Day? And why? 2. Do you know the origin of Valentine's Day? Related information: Every february. across the country candy flowers and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint and why do we celebrate this holiday The history of Valentine's Day-and its patron saint- is shrouded in mystery. But we do know that February has long been a month of romance. St. Valentine's day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient roman trad ition So. who was saint valentine and how d id he become associated with this ancient rite? Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families he outlawed marriage for young men--his crop of potential soldiers. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and cont inued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured According to one legend, valentine actually sent the first'valentine' greeting himself. While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl -who may have been his jailors daughter -who visited him during his confinement. Before hi death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed'From your Valentine, an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure. It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France Text Structure Analysis The essay focuses on one central theme: the rose business must adapt to changing cond itions in the marketplace in order to succeed. One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the read ing passage is a problem-solution pattern The whole passage can be divided into 4 parts The first part is Paragraph 1. The paragraph deals with the general situation of the passage. As long as the rose remains the most popular flower as a symbol of love any changing cond itions in the nation s rose industry mean much to rose growers, and to those who distribute roses and those who sell 2. The second part of the passage is a complete problem-solution pattern. The part consists of 5 paragraphs, from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 6. Paragraph 2 presents
Unit Seven Section A: A Rose Is a Rose Warm-up questions: 1. What gift will you choose to give your lover on Valentine’s Day? And why? 2. Do you know the origin of Valentine’s Day? Related information: Every February, across the country, candy, flowers, and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint and why do we celebrate this holiday. The history of Valentine's Day -- and its patron saint -- is shrouded in mystery. But we do know that February has long been a month of romance. St. Valentine's Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition. So, who was Saint Valentine and how did he become associated with this ancient rite? Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men -- his crop of potential soldiers. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured. According to one legend, Valentine actually sent the first 'valentine' greeting himself. While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl -- who may have been his jailor's daughter -- who visited him during his confinement. Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed 'From your Valentine,' an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure. It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France. Text Structure Analysis: The essay focuses on one central theme: the rose business must adapt to changing conditions in the marketplace in order to succeed. One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the reading passage is a problem-solution pattern. The whole passage can be divided into 4 parts: 1. The first part is Paragraph 1. The paragraph deals with the general situation of the passage. As long as the rose remains the most popular flower as a symbol of love, any changing conditions in the nation's rose industry mean much to rose growers, and to those who distribute roses and those who sell. 2. The second part of the passage is a complete problem-solution pattern. The part consists of 5 paragraphs, from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 6. Paragraph 2 presents
the problem: Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops as supermarkets now offer convenience and discount rose shops help those save money. Paragraph 3 is about one example of rose selling the problem: Roses only - a company that was transformed from a traditional shop and has its headquarters in New York. It has 3 stores in New York, I in Canada and 5 in Spain, and plans to expand to three more U.S. cities this year. Paragraph 4 presents the first solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only tries to attract customers with beautifully-decorated arrangements and make them feel they can buy roses cheap there. Paragraph 5 presents the second solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. Paragraph 6 is about the third solution: Roses Only tries to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses and provides fresh roses via overnight delivery to anywhere in the country 3. The third part of the passage is another complete problem-solution pattern. The part is made up of 6 paragraphs, from Paragraph 7 to paragraph 12. Paragraph 7 presents the problem for rose growers: Because of severe foreign competition, U. S rose growers are going bankrupt. Today, more than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. Paragraphs 8, 9 and 10 are about one example of rose growers dealing with the problem: Johnson Flowers, which complains that the profit margin has dropped substantially. Michael Johnson with his family members has been working in the flower growing business for many years. They have rich experience: they even had the bitter experience of being driven out of the business of growing carnations because of overseas carnation growers. Paragraphs 11 and 12 are about the solutions that Johnson Flowers have adopted in order to succeed The solutions include working with foreign flower growers instead of fighting them, having a few distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for overseas flower producers. Besides they also start to sell other types of flowers. They took ad vantage of a recent frost that killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But they feel it's hard to operate a business on someone else,s disaster 4. The fourth part is made up of two paragraphs, Paragraph 13 and Paragraph 14 The two paragraphs present the conclusion to the read ing passage. When people in the rose business are try ing to adapt to changing cond itions in the marketplace in order to succeed, they long for the good old days of steady profits for them. And the customers today wonder about the rose price more than before Please note that the second part and the third part are running parallel to each other as both of them are structured in a problem-solution pattern. Both of them start with a problem, then one example of dealing with the problem followed by their solutions General situation he rose is going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style. The nations rose industry elies much on the selling and growing of roses
the problem: Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops as supermarkets now offer convenience and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Paragraph 3 is about one example of rose selling companies dealing with the problem: Roses Only — a company that was transformed from a traditional shop and has its headquarters in New York. It has 3 stores in New York, 1 in Canada and 5 in Spain, and plans to expand to three more U.S. cities this year. Paragraph 4 presents the first solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only tries to attract customers with beautifully-decorated arrangements and make them feel they can buy roses cheap there. Paragraph 5 presents the second solution to the rose selling problem: Roses Only tries to encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. Paragraph 6 is about the third solution: Roses Only tries to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses and provides fresh roses via overnight delivery to anywhere in the country. 3. The third part of the passage is another complete problem-solution pattern. The part is made up of 6 paragraphs, from Paragraph 7 to paragraph 12. Paragraph 7 presents the problem for rose growers: Because of severe foreign competition, U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt. Today, more than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. Paragraphs 8, 9 and 10 are about one example of rose growers dealing with the problem: Johnson Flowers, which complains that the profit margin has dropped substantially. Michael Johnson with his family members has been working in the flower growing business for many years. They have rich experience: they even had the bitter experience of being driven out of the business of growing carnations because of overseas carnation growers. Paragraphs 11 and 12 are about the solutions that Johnson Flowers have adopted in order to succeed. The solutions include working with foreign flower growers instead of fighting them, having a few distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for overseas flower producers. Besides, they also start to sell other types of flowers. They took advantage of a recent frost that killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But they feel it's hard to operate a business on someone else's disaster. 4. The fourth part is made up of two paragraphs, Paragraph 13 and Paragraph 14. The two paragraphs present the conclusion to the reading passage. When people in the rose business are trying to adapt to changing conditions in the marketplace in order to succeed, they long for the good old days of steady profits for them. And the customers today wonder about the rose price more than before. Please note that the second part and the third part are running parallel to each other as both of them are structured in a problem-solution pattern. Both of them start with a problem, then one example of dealing with the problem followed by their solutions. General situation: The rose is going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style. The nation’s rose industry relies much on the selling and growing of roses. Para. 1
Problem 2 Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt traditional flower shops Para. 7 Para. 2 Solutions. Example of solution Example of solution: Only - a general introduction of the Johnson Flowers -a general introduction of the mpany: The company was transformed from ompany: Even though Michael Johnson with h raditional shop. With its headquarters in New York family members has been working for the rose has 3 stores in New York, I in Canada and 5 in dustry for years, they complain that their profit Spain. It plans to expand to three more U.S. cities argin has dropped substantially. The company has his year. its bitter experience in that they were driven out of Para. 3 verseas camation growers igh quality of the roses make them think they can Johnson Flowers solutions uy roses cheap there Working with foreign flower gro wers, having a few Para. 4 distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for Roses Only s solution 2 Valentine's Day as a recent frost killed 25% of Encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in Colombia's rose crop. But it's hard to operate ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price business on someone else's disaster Para. 5 Paras. 11&12 Paras. 2-6 Paras. 7-12 Roses Onlys solution 3 To cut down the cost, the company grows its own roses to sell fresh roses v ia overmight delivery and the company also sells other items such as balloons and stuffed animals Conclusion
________________________________________ Problem 1: Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Para. 2 Solutions: Example of solution: Roses Only — a general introduction of the company: The company was transformed from a traditional shop. With its headquarters in New York, it has 3 stores in New York, 1 in Canada and 5 in Spain. It plans to expand to three more U.S. cities this year. Para. 3 Roses Only's solution 1: Well-decorated shops attract customers and the high quality of the roses make them think they can buy roses cheap there. Para. 4 Roses Only's solution 2: Encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. Para. 5 Paras. 2- 6 Roses Only’s solution 3: To cut down the cost, the company grows its own roses to sell fresh roses via overnight delivery and the company also sells other items such as balloons and stuffed animals. Para. 6 Problem 2: U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt. Para. 7 Solutions: Example of solution: Johnson Flowers — a general introduction of the company: Even though Michael Johnson with his family members has been working for the rose industry for years, they complain that their profit margin has dropped substantially. The company has its bitter experience in that they were driven out of the business of growing carnations because of overseas carnation growers. Paras. 8-10 Johnson Flowers' solutions: Working with foreign flower growers, having a few distribution centers to sell imported roses, widening their business area and being a representative for overseas flower producers. They got a break this Valentine's Day as a recent frost killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But it's hard to operate a business on someone else's disaster. Paras. 11 & 12 Paras. 7-12 Conclusion:
As a result of severe foreign competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days whereas ordinary people wonder about the rose price more than befor aras.13&14 Word study l. festival n.节日:节期;喜庆日2)(音乐、戏剧、电影等的)会演 --Christmas and Easter are Christian festivals A festival atmosphere节日的气氛 the edinburgh festival爱丁堡艺术会演 a jazz festival爵士音乐会演 2. distribute v. distribυ ute sth(o/ among sb/sth)分发、分配某事物 --In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work force 在合作社中,利润是在全体劳动者中进行分配的。 The demonstrators d istributed leaflets to passers-bys示威者向行人分发传单。 spread(sth); scatter; place at different parts使(某物)散开;散布;分散放置 Baggage loaded onto an aircraft must be evenly distributed 飞机载运的行李应均匀放置在各个部位 distribution 1)分发,分配;分送:2)分布 The distribution of catalogues forms, prizes etc --the d istribution of schools in this district 3. executive a.经营管理的,经营的,经理的; --executive duties; possess executive abilities 有执行权的,行政的,决策的:- executive authority行政当局 person or group in a business organization, trade union, etc with administrative or managerial power行政领导;经理;董事;董事会: a sales executive营业主任 The executive has/have been making decisions about the future of the company 领导层一直在研究公司未来的决策 行政人员- executive officer 4. discount n.u,c].1)折扣2)不受重视的;不时兴的 We give a 10% d iscount for cash.现金付款,我们予以九折优惠。 - Concern for others seems to be at a discount today如今好象不兴关心别人。 Discount shop廉价商店 V:不重视,不相信,不理会(某人、某事) -You can d iscount what jack said he's a dread ful liar. 杰克说的话你不必当真,他可是个说谎大王 5. headquarters n.总部;司令部:大本营 The firms headquarters are in London 6. avenue n.1.林荫道,2,大街,3,途径,手段 an avenue to success成功、成名等之路 We have explored every avenue.我们已经探索过了各种途径。 7. circulate v.1)(使某物)循环2)流通 Blood circulates through the body - open a window to allow the air to circulate开窗使空气流通
As a result of severe foreign competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days whereas ordinary people wonder about the rose price more than before. Paras. 13 & 14 Word Study 1. festival n. 节日；节期；喜庆日 2）（音乐、戏剧、电影等的）会演： --Christmas and Easter are Christian festivals. A festival atmosphere 节日的气氛 --the Edinburgh Festival 爱丁堡艺术会演 --a jazz festival 爵士音乐会演 2. distribute v. distribute sth (to/among sb/sth) 分发、分配某事物 --In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work force. 在合作社中，利润是在全体劳动者中进行分配的。 --The demonstrators distributed leaflets to passers-bys.示威者向行人分发传单。 spread(sth); scatter; place at different parts 使（某物）散开；散布；分散放置 --Baggage loaded onto an aircraft must be evenly distributed. 飞机载运的行李应均匀放置在各个部位。 distribution 1) 分发，分配；分送：2) 分布 --The distribution of catalogues forms; prizes etc --the distribution of schools in this district. 3. executive a. 经营管理的，经营的，经理的； --executive duties; possess executive abilities 有执行权的， 行政的，决策的：--executive authority 行政当局 person or group in a business organization, trade union, etc with administrative or managerial power 行政领导；经理；董事；董事会： --a sales executive 营业主任 --The executive has/have been making decisions about the future of the company. 领导层一直在研究公司未来的决策。 行政人员 --executive officer 4. discount n .[u, c]. 1) 折扣 2）不受重视的；不时兴的： --We give a 10% discount for cash. 现金付款，我们予以九折优惠。 --Concern for others seems to be at a discount today 如今好象不兴关心别人。 Discount shop:廉价商店 v: 不重视，不相信，不理会（某人、某事） --You can discount what Jack said: he’s a dreadful liar. 杰克说的话你不必当真，他可是个说谎大王。 5. headquarters n. 总部；司令部；大本营 --The firm’s headquarters are in London. 6. avenue n. 1.林荫道，2，大街， 3，途径，手段 --an avenue to success 成功、成名等之路 --We have explored every avenue. 我们已经探索过了各种途径。 7. circulate v. 1) （使某物）循环 2)流通： --Blood circulates through the body. --open a window to allow the air to circulate 开窗使空气流通
3)(使某事物)流传;传播:4)发通知告知(某人) he news of her death circulated quickly她死去的消息迅速传开 lave you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到会议详细的通知了吗? circulation n.1)血液循环2)流传,传播,流通 --Police say a number of forged banknotes are in circulation 警方称市面上有一定数量的伪钞。 3)报纸、杂志等售出的份数,发行额,销售量 --a newspaper with a daily circulation of more than one million - circulation figure销售数字 8. counter n.1)柜台2)(指药品)无处方: These tablets are available over the counter这些药片无需处方可直接购买。 under the counter暗中交易,走后门 In Britain pornography was once sold under the counter 在英国,色情书画曾一度在暗地里出售。 ady. counter to sth与某事物的方向相反,相反地 act counter to sb's wishes违背某人的意愿 counter with sth,反对,反击 --They countered our proposal with one of their own 他们针对我们的建议提出了一项相反的建议。 9. index n.1)索引: card index卡片索引2)指数: the cost-of-living index生活费 用指数3)标志、表征、量度4)指数,幂 The increasing sale of luxury goods is an index of the countrys prosperity 奢侈商品销售量日增是该国繁荣的标志 .1)为.编索引,将某物编入索引 This book is well indexed indexation(工资、养老金的调整指数,指数化) index finger食指 index-linked adj.(指工资、养老金等)按生活指数调整的 l0. delivery n.1)递送,投递,交付(信件、货物)等 Your order is ready for delivery你订购的货物可随时交付。 We have two postal deliveries each day我们每天收到两次信 2)(递送或交付的)货物、邮件等 -We had a big delivery of coal today 3)分娩 an easy /difficult delivery 4)(球的)投掷,(导弹的)发射 a fast, hostile delivery快速投球,投出刁球 delivery note送货单 delivery van厢式送货车 v.I) deliver(sth)( to sb/sth)递送,传递(信件、包裹、货物等) 2)(只用于被动语态) be delivered of sb生小孩 She was delivered of a healthy boy 3)助产,接生- Her baby was delivered by her own doctor 4授课,讲道,讲话- She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society ll. soar v.1)急速升人高空;2)高耸,矗立;3)翱翔,滑翔
3) （使某事物）流传；传播：4) 发通知告知（某人） --The news of her death circulated quickly.她死去的消息迅速传开。 --Have you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到会议详细的通知了吗？ circulation n. 1)血液循环 2)流传，传播，流通 --Police say a number of forged banknotes are in circulation. 警方称市面上有一定数量的伪钞。 3)报纸、杂志等售出的份数，发行额，销售量： --a newspaper with a daily circulation of more than one million --circulation figure 销售数字 8. counter n. 1)柜台 2)（指药品）无处方： --These tablets are available over the counter.这些药片无需处方可直接购买。 under the counter 暗中交易，走后门 --In Britain pornography was once sold under the counter. 在英国，色情书画曾一度在暗地里出售。 adv. counter to sth 与某事物的方向相反，相反地 act counter to sb’s wishes 违背某人的意愿 counter with sth, 反对，反击 --They countered our proposal with one of their own. 他们针对我们的建议提出了一项相反的建议。 9. index n. 1)索引：card index 卡片索引 2)指数：the cost-of-living index 生活费 用指数 3）标志、表征、量度 4) 指数，幂 --The increasing sale of luxury goods is an index of the country’s prosperity. 奢侈商品销售量日增是该国繁荣的标志。 v. 1) 为…编索引，将某物编入索引 --This book is well indexed. indexation （工资、养老金的调整指数，指数化） index finger 食指 index-linked adj. （指工资、养老金等）按生活指数调整的 10. delivery n. 1)递送，投递，交付（信件、货物）等 --Your order is ready for delivery.你订购的货物可随时交付。 --We have two postal deliveries each day.我们每天收到两次信。 2）（递送或交付的）货物、邮件等 --We had a big delivery of coal today. 3) 分娩 an easy /difficult delivery 4) （球的）投掷，（导弹的）发射 a fast, hostile delivery.快速投球，投出刁球 delivery note 送货单 delivery van 厢式送货车 v. 1) deliver (sth) (to sb/sth) 递送，传递（信件、包裹、货物等） 2)(只用于被动语态) be delivered of sb 生小孩 --She was delivered of a healthy boy. 3）助产，接生 --Her baby was delivered by her own doctor. 4)授课，讲道，讲话--She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. 11. soar v. 1) 急速升人高空; 2) 高耸，矗立; 3) 翱翔，滑翔
The jet soared into the air. Soaring temperatures迅速增高的气温 prices are soaring物价飞涨 cliff soaring above the sea矗立在海上的峭壁 skyscrapers soar above the horizon摩天大楼拔地而起高耸入云 seagulls soaring over the cliffs 12. formula n.[C分子式,公式: The formula for water is h2o The formula for converting gallons into liters加仑与升的换算公式 IC]套语,惯用语:- How do you do and" Excuse me” are social formula 配方;药方;处方:- a formula for a new drug 方案,计划:- Managers and workers are still working not a peace formula 劳资双方仍在商谈和解方案 IC]方法,计划,原则: There is no sure formula for success成功并没一定之规。 U]方程式 Formula 1 racing cars-级方程式赛车 formulate 1).将形式固定格式: formulate a rule, policy, theory etc制定规则,制定政策,创立理论 2)确切地表达思想: --The contract was formulated in difficult legal language formulation n格式化,公式化,确切地表达 13. spray n.1)小花簇 He had a spray in his buttonhole他的钮孔中插着一簇花。 2)雾状液体;水花:浪花: The spray of a waterfall瀑布的水花 3)喷雾液体(如香水、消毒剂、杀虫剂 Hair spray喷发定型剂fy- -spray灭蝇喷剂 v.1) spray sth(on/ over sb/sth;向某人(某物)喷雾状的(液体) A farmer spray ing his crops with pesticide给作物喷杀虫剂的农夫 sprayer喷雾者,喷雾器,喷洒器 - He's a paint sprayer in the local factory他在当地工厂当喷漆工。 - a crop sprayer作物喷雾器 喷枪 14. moisten v.使潮湿,湿润:- His eyes moistened with tears moisture n.[U]潮湿,湿气,水气 --Humid ity is a measure of moisture in the atmospher 湿度是空气内含水分多少的量度。 15. balloon n.气球:hot- air balloon热气球 when the balloon goes up:当意料中的麻烦到来时 -I don t want to be around when the balloon goes up 要出事了,我趁早离开是非之地。 V.膨胀如气球 - Her skirt ballooned in the wind她的裙子让风吹得鼓起来了 go ballooning乘气球 16. vIa prep.经由(某事物);通过: go from London to Washington via New york
--The jet soared into the air. --Soaring temperatures 迅速增高的气温 --prices are soaring 物价飞涨 --cliff soaring above the sea 矗立在海上的峭壁 --skyscrapers soar above the horizon 摩天大楼拔地而起高耸入云 --seagulls soaring over the cliffs 12. formula n. [C]分子式，公式：The formula for water is H2o. --The formula for converting gallons into liters 加仑与升的换算公式 [C] 套语，惯用语：--“How do you do” and “Excuse me” are social formula. 配方；药方；处方：--a formula for a new drug 方案，计划：--Managers and workers are still working not a peace formula. 劳资双方仍在商谈和解方案。 [C] 方法，计划，原则： --There is no sure formula for success.成功并没一定之规。 [U] 方程式 Formula 1 racing cars 一级方程式赛车 formulate V 1）. 将形式固定格式： formulate a rule, policy ,theory. etc 制定规则，制定政策，创立理论 2）确切地表达思想： --The contract was formulated in difficult legal language. formulation n.格式化，公式化，确切地表达 13. spray n. 1）小花簇 --He had a spray in his buttonhole.他的钮孔中插着一簇花。 2）雾状液体；水花；浪花： The spray of a waterfall 瀑布的水花 3）喷雾液体（如香水、消毒剂、杀虫剂） Hair spray 喷发定型剂 fly-spray 灭蝇喷剂 v. 1) spray sth (on/over sb/sth);向某人（某物）喷雾状的（液体） --A farmer spraying his crops with pesticide 给作物喷杀虫剂的农夫 sprayer 喷雾者，喷雾器，喷洒器 --He’s a paint sprayer in the local factory.他在当地工厂当喷漆工。 --a crop sprayer 作物喷雾器 spray-gun 喷枪 14. moisten v. 使潮湿，湿润：--His eyes moistened with tears moisture n. [U]潮湿，湿气，水气 --Humidity is a measure of moisture in the atmosphere. 湿度是空气内含水分多少的量度。 15. balloon n. 气球：hot-air balloon 热气球 when the balloon goes up ：当意料中的麻烦到来时 --I don’t want to be around when the balloon goes up. 要出事了，我趁早离开是非之地。 v. 膨胀如气球： --Her skirt ballooned in the wind 她的裙子让风吹得鼓起来了。 go ballooning 乘气球 16. via prep.经由（某事物）；通过： --go from London to Washington via New York
17. bloom r.Ic花 Lu]fig新鲜,完美: - These roses have beautiful blooms这些玫瑰花开得真美。 bein/ have lost the bloom of youth正值(失去)青春 V.开花:fig茂盛,繁荣 Daffodils bloom in the Spring Our friendship is blooming.我们之间情长意深。 They were blooming with health and happiness他们既健康又快乐 l8. bankrupt n破产 adj. go/be bankrupt bankrupt of sth完全缺乏 bankrupt of ideas, moral scruples毫无主意,道德上的约束 使(某人破产) Ten bankruptcies were recorded in this town last year. 去年这个城镇有十起破产事件。 19. import v.进口,输入,引进(货物思想等) import sth(fom), import sth(into - Cars imported from Japan从日本进口的汽车 Meat imported( into the United Kingdom)进口到英国的肉 Importation n[L,C] a ban on the importation of drugs禁止毒品进口的法令 Importer从事进口商品或服务的人或公司 n.1[C]进口货;引进的劳物等:2四U进口输入,引进 - restrict cheap foreign imports限制廉价外国进口货 --the import of coal 20. breadth n.1)宽度2)[]宽广的程度;范围 a room ten- meters in breadth十米宽的房间 --Her breadth of experience makes her ideal for the job 她经验丰富,最能胜任这项工作。 21. margin n.l)空白边缘,页边空白:(2边;缘边沿 notes written in the margin/the margin of a lake, pool, pond, etc 3)差度差额,差距 - a wide margin between the winner and the loser胜负双方比分的巨大差数 4)为成功和安全而应有的时空的量余地 Leave a good safety margin between your car and the next 要在你的汽车和另一辆车之间留出一段足够的安全距离 5)赢利,利润:- a business operating on tight margins赚头小的生意 zinal ad 22. launch v.1)使(某事物运动送上轨道 Launch a blow, a missile a torpedo a satellite 发出一击、发射导弹、发射鱼雷、发射卫星 ( fig)launch threats, insults, gibes, etc at sb威胁、侮辱、奚落某人 2)使(船,尤指新船)下水 The queen is to launch a new warship today.今天女王要主持新军舰下水仪式。 3)使行动;使开始: The company is launching a new model next month下月公司将推出新型产品 He' s launching his son on a career in banking.他让儿子从事银行业
17. bloom n. [c]花 [u]fig.新鲜，完美： --These roses have beautiful blooms.这些玫瑰花开得真美。 be in/have lost the bloom of youth 正值（失去）青春 v. 开花：fig.茂盛，繁荣 --Daffodils bloom in the Spring. --Our friendship is blooming. 我们之间情长意深。 --They were blooming with health and happiness.他们既健康又快乐. 18. bankrupt n.破产 adj. go/be bankrupt bankrupt of sth 完全缺乏 --bankrupt of ideas, moral scruples 毫无主意，道德上的约束 v. 使（某人破产） bankruptcy n. --Ten bankruptcies were recorded in this town last year. 去年这个城镇有十起破产事件。 19. import v.进口,输入,引进(货物\思想等): import sth (from); import sth (into) --Cars imported from Japan 从日本进口的汽车 --Meat imported (into the United Kingdom)进口到英国的肉 --Importation n[U,C] a ban on the importation of drugs 禁止毒品进口的法令. importer 从事进口商品或服务的人或公司 n. 1.[C] 进口货;引进的劳物等: 2[U]进口,输入,引进: --restrict cheap foreign imports 限制廉价外国进口货 --the import of coal 20. breadth n. 1) 宽度 2) [U]宽广的程度；范围 a room ten-meters in breadth 十米宽的房间 --Her breadth of experience makes her ideal for the job. 她经验丰富，最能胜任这项工作。 21. margin n. 1)空白边缘,页边空白: (2)边;缘;边沿: notes written in the margin / the margin of a lake, pool, pond, etc 3) 差度,差额,差距: --a wide margin between the winner and the loser 胜负双方比分的巨大差数 4) 为成功和安全而应有的时空的量;余地: Leave a good safety margin between your car and the next. 要在你的汽车和另一辆车之间留出一段足够的安全距离. 5) 赢利, 利润: --A business operating on tight margins 赚头小的生意 marginal adj. 22. launch v. 1) 使(某事物)运动;送上轨道: --Launch a blow, a missile, a torpedo, a satellite 发出一击、发射导弹、发射鱼雷、发射卫星 (fig)launch threats, insults, gibes, etc at sb 威胁、侮辱、奚落某人 2) 使（船，尤指新船）下水； --The queen is to launch a new warship today.今天女王要主持新军舰下水仪式。 3) 使行动；使开始： --The company is launching a new model next month.下月公司将推出新型产品。 --He’s launching his son on a career in banking. 他让儿子从事银行业
n.(船的)下水,(航天器的)发射,(新产品的)投放或投放 --The launch of their new saloon received much media coverage 他们投产的新轿车广获传媒报道 aunching pad发射台 23. release v.l) release sb./sth( from sth)放走;释放或解放 release a prisoner, hostage, kidnap victim,etc释放囚犯、人质、被劫持者等 2)fg免除义务或责任: --release sb from a promise, duty, undertaking, etc 不要某人履行诺言、尽义务、承担任务等 3) release sth( to sb/sth)发布(新闻等) The latest developments have just been released to the media 最新的进展情况已向大众传媒发表。 4)向公众提供某事物 release a film,book, record,etc发行影片、书、唱片等。 n.1)UC]放走,释放,解脱,免除,放松,投掷,发表: Death is often a welcome release from pain死神往往是解除痛苦的救星 2)[C发行或发表的事物: a press release新闻稿 24 unload v.1)从某物上卸下货物: unload shopping from a car从汽车上卸下采购的物品。 2)从(枪、炮等)中退出弹药;从(照相机)中取出胶卷。卸下负载: Lorries may only part here when load ing and unloading 卡车非装卸货物时不得在此停车 25. chase v. chase( (after) sb/sth追捕,追逐 He chased (after) the burglar but couldn t catch him chase after sb向某人求爱-- He's always chasing(after) women chase sb/sth away,of,out,etc赶走;驱逐 --chase the cat out of the kitchen 26. rival n.竞争或相比的人或事物: rival(for/ in sth) rivals in love情敌 She has no rival in the field of romantic fiction.她写的浪漫小说谁也比不上。 V.堪与竞争;比得上: rival sb/sth( for/in sth) - Cricket cannot rival football for/in excitement板球不如足球有刺激性 27. bundle n.1)〖C]捆,束: a bundle of sticks, clothes, newspaper a bundle of sth大堆的东西;大量的事物 v. bundle sth(up)把某物捆成捆 we bundle up some old clothes for the jumble sale 我们把一些旧衣物捆起来准备义卖 28 crane n.1)鹤2)吊车,起重机ⅴ伸长(脖子) --crane one's neck to see sth Phrase expressions 1. go out of style不再时兴,过时 Classical music will never go out of style 时兴,流行 2. range from….to…
n.（船的）下水，（航天器的）发射，（新产品的）投放或投放； --The launch of their new saloon received much media coverage. 他们投产的新轿车广获传媒报道。 launching pad 发射台 23. release v. 1) release sb/sth (from sth) 放走；释放或解放 --release a prisoner, hostage, kidnap victim, etc 释放囚犯、人质、被劫持者等 2) fig 免除义务或责任： --release sb from a promise, duty, undertaking, etc 不要某人履行诺言、尽义务、承担任务等 3）release sth (to sb/sth)发布（新闻等） --The latest developments have just been released to the media. 最新的进展情况已向大众传媒发表。 4）向公众提供某事物： release a film, book, record, etc 发行影片、书、唱片等。 n. 1) [U,C]放走，释放，解脱，免除，放松，投掷，发表： --Death is often a welcome release from pain.死神往往是解除痛苦的救星。 2) [C]发行或发表的事物：a press release 新闻稿 24. unload v. 1) 从某物上卸下货物： unload shopping from a car 从汽车上卸下采购的物品。 2）从（枪、炮等）中退出弹药；从（照相机）中取出胶卷。卸下负载： --Lorries may only part here when loading and unloading. 卡车非装卸货物时不得在此停车。 25. chase v. chase (after) sb/sth 追捕，追逐 --He chased (after) the burglar but couldn’t catch him. chase after sb 向某人求爱 -- He’s always chasing (after) women. chase sb/sth away, off, out, etc 赶走； 驱逐 --chase the cat out of the kitchen. 26. rival n. 竞争或相比的人或事物： rival (for/in sth) rivals in love 情敌 --She has no rival in the field of romantic fiction.她写的浪漫小说谁也比不上。 v. 堪与竞争；比得上：rival sb/sth (for/in sth) --Cricket cannot rival football for/in excitement.板球不如足球有刺激性。 27. bundle n. 1) [C]捆，束： a bundle of sticks, clothes, newspaper a bundle of sth 大堆的东西；大量的事物 v. bundle sth (up) 把某物捆成捆 --we bundle up some old clothes for the jumble sale. 我们把一些旧衣物捆起来准备义卖。 28. crane n.1) 鹤 2) 吊车，起重机 v 伸长（脖子） --crane one’s neck to see sth. Phrase & Expressions 1. go out of style 不再时兴，过时 Classical music will never go out of style. in style 时兴，流行 2. range from …to …
His interests ranged from chess to canoeing 他的爱好从下国际象棋到划独木舟,范围很广 3. be left over剩下来,留下来 These matters will have to be left over until the next meeting 这些事情只好留到下次会议再讨论了 leave sb/sth out of(sth)排除在外;忽略掉 Leave me out of this quarrel, please---I don t want to get involved leave sb/sth behind忘记带某物 leave off停止 4. hold sth down(使)保持低水平,(使)不增加,保持 The rate of inflation must be held down.通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上 hold sb down:压制某人,限制某人的自由 5. account for:解释,占去 - His illness accounts for his absence.他因病缺席。 Transportation accounts for 10% of my income on account of sth因为,由于 on no account决不可以,切莫 6. go down下降,降低,倒在地上 The price of petrol is going down She tripped and went down with a bump.她绊了一下,猛地跌到在地上 go down with患病 7. on sb's side对某人有利,赞同某人的意见 Whose side are you on anyway?你究竟支持谁? the other side of the coin事情的另一面 take sides with sb偏袒 8. long for sth渴望,极想 The children are longing for the holidays anguage poin For rose growers, those who distribute roses, and those who sell, this years anticipated 7% increase in sales will be sweeter than a 5-pound box of chocolate candy. (Para. 1) Meaning: It is expected that sales of roses this year will increase by 7%. For rose growers, those who deliver roses, and those who sell, the increase will be sweeter than a 5-pound box of chocolate candy 2. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for trad itional flower shops (Para. 2 Meaning: But selling roses is no longer an exciting experience for traditional This sentence implies that sell ing roses is no longer as easy for traditional flower shops as it was in the past. They need to make some improvement in their 3. Customers--some dressed in work clothes, some in expensive suits and overcoats-circulate among the counter and stare at shelf after shelf of roses in more than 50 colors.(Para. 4)
His interests ranged from chess to canoeing. 他的爱好从下国际象棋到划独木舟，范围很广。 3. be left over 剩下来，留下来 These matters will have to be left over until the next meeting. 这些事情只好留到下次会议再讨论了。 leave sb/sth out of (sth)排除在外；忽略掉 --Leave me out of this quarrel, please---I don’t want to get involved. leave sb/sth behind 忘记带某物 leave off 停止 4. hold sth down （使）保持低水平，（使）不增加，保持 --The rate of inflation must be held down. 通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上。 hold sb down: 压制某人，限制某人的自由 5. account for: 解释， 占去 --His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。 --Transportation accounts for 10% of my income. on account of sth 因为，由于 on no account 决不可以，切莫 6. go down 下降，降低，倒在地上 --The price of petrol is going down. --She tripped and went down with a bump.她绊了一下，猛地跌到在地上。 go down with 患病 7. on sb’s side 对某人有利，赞同某人的意见 --Whose side are you on anyway? 你究竟支持谁？ the other side of the coin 事情的另一面 take sides with sb 偏袒 8. long for sth 渴望， 极想 --The children are longing for the holidays. Language Points 1. For rose growers, those who distribute roses, and those who sell, this year’s anticipated 7% increase in sales will be sweeter than a 5-pound box of chocolate candy. (Para. 1) Meaning: It is expected that sales of roses this year will increase by 7%. For rose growers, those who deliver roses, and those who sell, the increase will be sweeter than a 5-pound box of chocolate candy. 2. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. (Para. 2) Meaning: But selling roses is no longer an exciting experience for traditional flower shops. This sentence implies that selling roses is no longer as easy for traditional flower shops as it was in the past. They need to make some improvement in their management. 3. Customers—some dressed in work clothes, some in expensive suits and overcoats—circulate among the counter and stare at shelf after shelf of roses in more than 50 colors. (Para. 4)
Meaning: Customers--some wearing work clothes, some dressed in expensive suits and overcoat--move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf at shelf after shelf of roses: stare at the shelves of roses; look closely at the roses from shelf to shelf 4. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35.(Para.5) Meaning: Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses together with the delivery fee can go up as high as $150, Roses Onlys most expensive flowers sell for just $35 per dozen 5. In 1998, imports accounted for 34% of roses sold here. (Para. 7) Meaning: In 1998, imported roses were 34% of all roses sold in the United States 6. Then"overseas people'", that is, the foreign growers, began selling camations in large numbers in America, he says, and practically drove U.S. carnation growers out of business Meaning: Then overseas people", that is, the foreign growers, began selling carnations in large numbers in America, ha says, and practically drove U.S carnation growers out of business 7. The volume of rose imports has already crushed some domestic growers. (Para. 11) Meaning: The huge number of imported roses has already destroyed some domestic rose growers completely 8. All the changes are making some in the rose business long for the good old days when neighborhood flower shops arranged and delivered every Valentine's Day bundle of flowers.(Para. 13) Meaning: All the changes are making some people who are engaged in the rose business want to keep the good old days, when nearby flower shops arranged and delivered every bundle of flowers on Valentine's Day 9. "It generates attention, says one rose seller. (Para. 13) Meaning: It draws attention, says one rose seller Here"it"refers to arranging and delivering every Valentine's Day bundle of ower Grammar Enrichment Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气用于asif( though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中。其形式如下: 表示同时的情况:that主语+动词过去式(be动词用were) 表示先于的情况:that+had+过去分词 表示将来的愿望:that主语+ would( could等)+动词原形 例如: She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own 她爱幼儿园里的孩子好象他们是她自己的孩子似的。 Alan talked about rome as if he had been there 艾伦谈起罗马来好象自己到过那儿 She looks as if she would cry 她看起来好象要哭了。 [注]asif( though)引起的从句有时也用陈述语气这时它表示较大的真实性或可能
Meaning: Customers—some wearing work clothes, some dressed in expensive suits and overcoat—move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. stare at shelf after shelf of roses: stare at the shelves of roses; look closely at the roses from shelf to shelf. 4. Even on Valentine’s Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only’s most expensive flowers sell for just $35. (Para.5) Meaning: Even on Valentine’s Day, when the price of a dozen roses together with the delivery fee can go up as high as $150, Roses Only’s most expensive flowers sell for just $35 per dozen. 5. In 1998, imports accounted for 34% of roses sold here. (Para. 7) Meaning: In 1998, imported roses were 34% of all roses sold in the United States. 6. Then “overseas people”, that is, the foreign growers, began selling carnations in large numbers in America, he says, and practically drove U.S. carnation growers out of business. Meaning: Then overseas people”, that is, the foreign growers, began selling carnations in large numbers in America, ha says, and practically drove U.S. carnation growers out of business. 7. The volume of rose imports has already crushed some domestic growers. (Para.11) Meaning: The huge number of imported roses has already destroyed some domestic rose growers completely. 8. All the changes are making some in the rose business long for the good old days, when neighborhood flower shops arranged and delivered every Valentine’s Day bundle of flowers. (Para. 13) Meaning: All the changes are making some people who are engaged in the rose business want to keep the good old days, when nearby flower shops arranged and delivered every bundle of flowers on Valentine’s Day. 9. “It generates attention,” says one rose seller. (Para. 13) Meaning: ”It draws attention,” says one rose seller. Here “it” refers to arranging and delivering every Valentine’s Day bundle of flowers. Grammar Enrichment Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气用于 as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中。其形式如下： 表示同时的情况：that 主语+动词过去式（be 动词用 were） 表示先于的情况：that+ had+过去分词 表示将来的愿望：that 主语+would（could 等）+动词原形 例如： She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own。 她爱幼儿园里的孩子好象他们是她自己的孩子似的。 Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. 艾伦谈起罗马来好象自己到过那儿。 She looks as if she would cry. 她看起来好象要哭了。 [注] as if (though)引起的从句有时也用陈述语气,这时它表示较大的真实性或可能