《大学英语》课程教学资源（六级考试历年全真试卷）Part two试卷部分.doc_大学文库

Part two试卷部分 2003年12月大学英语六级考试历年全真试卷试卷一 Part Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section a Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. b oth the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each quest ion there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices mark ed A), B),C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corres onding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example: You will hear You will read A) 2 hours. B)3 hours. c) 4 hours. D) 5 hours From the conversation, we know that the two were talking about some work they ill start at 9 o clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon Therefore, D)"5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D on th e Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. [JY, 3 Sample Answer [A [B [C] [D] [KG-4 5mm]--[FK) 1. A)She knows where Martha has gone. B)Martha will go to the concert by herself. C) It is quite possible for the man to find Martha D) The man is going to meet Martha at the concert. 2. A) The air pollution is caused by the development of industry B)The city was poor because there wasn' t much industry then. C)The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution. D) He might move to another city very soon. 3. A) The man should work harder to improve his grades B)The man wil benefit from the effort he's put in. C) It serves the man right to get a poor grade. D)It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C 4. A) She can make a reservation at the restaurant. B) The man should decide where to eat. C) She already has plans for Saturday night. D)The man should ask his brother for suggestions. 5. A) The man deserved the award. B) The woman helped the man succeed C)The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance. D )The woman worked hard and was given an award 6. A) Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community

Part Two 试卷部分 2003 年 12 月大学英语六级考试历年全真试卷试卷一 Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. B oth the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each quest ion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices mark ed A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corres ponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example:You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation, we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon . Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on th e Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. [JY,3] Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］[KG-4.5mm]—[FK)] 1.A) She knows where Martha has gone. B) Martha will go to the concert by herself. C) It is quite possible for the man to find Martha. D) The man is going to meet Martha at the concert. 2.A) The air pollution is caused by the development of industry. B) The city was poor because there wasn’t much industry then. C) The woman’s exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution. D) He might move to another city very soon. 3.A) The man should work harder to improve his grades. B) The man wil benefit from the effort he’s put in. C) It serves the man right to get a poor grade. D) It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C. 4.A) She can make a reservation at the restaurant. B) The man should decide where to eat. C) She already has plans for Saturday night. D) The man should ask his brother for suggestions. 5.A) The man deserved the award.B) The woman helped the man succeed. C) The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.D) The woman worked hard and was given an award. 6.A) Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community

Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard 17.A)A B)The influence of his father. c) a talk with some miserabl D)His expericence in the war between france nd austria 18. A) He sent surgeons to serve in the army. B)He provided soldiers with medical supplies. C) He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded D)He helped to free the prisoners of war. 19.A) All men are created equal. B)The wounded and dying should be treated for free C)A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment. D)A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race, religion or political beliefs 20. A) To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war. B)To show Switzerland was neutral C) To pay tribute to Switzerland D) To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support. PartⅡl Reading Comprehension(35 minutes) Directions There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multiv tamins does is give them extensive urine (F). After all, true vitamin deficienc ies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems those d octors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest t hat even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. al though proo f of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars yo u spend on them is probably a good investment Or at least thats the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Me dicine. Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vi tamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth I

Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17.A) A visit to a prison. B) The influence of his father. C) A talk with some miserable slaves. D) His expericence in the war between France and Austria. 18.A) He sent surgeons to serve in the army. B) He provided soldiers with medical supplies. C) He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded. D) He helped to free the prisoners of war. 19.A) All men are created equal. B) The wounded and dying should be treated for free. C) A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment. D) A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race, religion or political beliefs. 20.A) To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war. B) To show Switzerland was neutral. C) To pay tribute to Switzerland. D) To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support. Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivi tamins does is give them extensive urine (尿). After all, true vitamin deficienc ies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems those d octors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest t hat even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proo f of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars yo u spend on them is probably a good investment. Or at least that’s the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Me dicine. Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vi tamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth l

ies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost. The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the b vitamins. It's been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos( HEHA ), and a recent trial fo und that folate in combination with vitamin b 12 and a form of b6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair. The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Heal thy folks who take 400 intern ational units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develo p heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin e to patients who already have he art disease, the vitamin doesn t seem to help It may turn out that vitamin e pl ays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage Despite vitamin C s great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still ha s not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes satu rated with C and simply excretes( #Fitt)any excess The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to wait until all he evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that ther es enough evidence that they don' t hurt and could help? If the latter, theres no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including ex cessive bleeding and nervous system problems Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and sub ject to f urther refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense. 21. At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins A)could not easily be absorbed by the human body B)were potentially harmful to peoples health C)were too expensive for daily consumption D) could not prov ide any cure for vitamin deficiencies 22. According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements A) often result in misleading conclusions B)take time and will not produce conclusive results C)should be conducted by scientists on a larger scale D)appear to be a sheer waste of time and re 23. It has been found that vitamin e A) should be taken by patients regularly and pers B)can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart disease C) has a preventive but not curative effect on heart disease D)should be given to patients with heart disease as early as ible 24. It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins A)may bring about serious side effects B)may help prevent excessive bleeding C)are likely to induce the blockage of arteries D) are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencie 25. The author concludes the passage with the advice that A)the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of exercise and a balanced diet B)it's risky to take multivitamins without knowing their specific function C)the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimated D) it's reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily

ies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost. The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the B vitamins. It’s been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos ( 胚胎 ), and a recent trial fo und that folate in combination with vitamin B 12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair. The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 intern ational units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develo p heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have he art disease, the vitamin doesn’t seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E pl ays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage. Despite vitamin C’s great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still ha s not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes satu rated with C and simply excretes ( 排泄 ) any excess. The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that ther e’s enough evidence that they don’t hurt and could help? If the latter, there’s no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including ex cessive bleeding and nervous system problems. Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to f urther refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense. 21. At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins____. A) could not easily be absorbed by the human body B) were potentially harmful to people’s health C) were too expensive for daily consumption D) could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies 22. According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements____. A) often result in misleading conclusions B) take time and will not produce conclusive results C) should be conducted by scientists on a larger scale D) appear to be a sheer waste of time and resources 23. It has been found that vitamin E____. A) should be taken by patients regularly and persistently B) can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart disease C) has a preventive but not curative effect on heart disease D) should be given to patients with heart disease as early as possible 24. It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins____. A) may bring about serious side effects B) may help prevent excessive bleeding C) are likely to induce the blockage of arteries D) are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies 25. The author concludes the passage with the advice that____. A) the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of exercise and a balanced diet B) it’s risky to take multivitamins without knowing their specific function C) the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimated D) it’s reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily

Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge( i )of women in he workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to th hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse( Il) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage mar riages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counte d in the marriage decision. Now, however the earning ability of a woman can mak e her more attractive as a marriage partner Data show that economic downturns t end to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. as the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increa se in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wifes work on divorce is no less cloudy than its pact on marriage decisions. The realization that she e can be a good provider ma y increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfa ctory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in finaI t. inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife cap.9 5 cial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployme ncrease household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. B y raising a family's standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her famil ys financial and emotional stability. Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, wo rk and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. r part of womer equality in marriage has been due to the fa t that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. with higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power wit hin the family. a working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the hou se. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could creat e a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities. 26. The word "portend"(Line 2, Para. 1)is closest in meaning to A)defy C)suffer from B)signal D)result from 27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides A)men would choose working women as their marriage partners B)more women would get married to seek financial security C)even working women would worry about their marriages D )more people would prefer to remain single for the time being 28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners B)their husbands are expected to do more housework C) their marriage ties can be strengthened D)they tend to put their career before marriage

Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge ( 剧增 ) of women in t he workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse ( 反面 ) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage mar riages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counte d in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can mak e her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns t end to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises. Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increa se in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider ma y increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfa ctory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in finan cial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemploymen t, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can i ncrease household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. B y raising a family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her famil y’s financial and emotional stability. Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, wo rk and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fac t that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power wit hin the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the hou se. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could creat e a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities. 26. The word “portend” (Line 2, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to “ ____” . A) defy C) suffer from B) signal D) result from 27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,____. A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners B) more women would get married to seek financial security C) even working women would worry about their marriages D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time being 28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,____. A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners B) their husbands are expected to do more housework C) their marriage ties can be strengthened D)they tend to put their career before marriage

9. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that a) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom B)they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands C)they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations D)they tend to suspect their husbands, loyalty to their marriage 60. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author' s view in the passage A)The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situa tion of the country. B)Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equa lity in marriage C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and rema D)The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to ca Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that the re is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of m an. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement hat such an essence exists - that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social an l, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch s so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume t hat men in every age have had in common something that can be called"human natu re. The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (A). The study of primit ive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and th oughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a b ank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contrib uting to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that th e concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman act s are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most th inkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery Or in order to prove the r ationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate 天生的) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to“ human nature” in acc epting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, ch eating and lying. Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably li in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as develo

29. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that____. A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations D) they tend to suspect their husbands’ loyalty to their marriage 30. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s view in the passage? A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situa tion of the country. B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equa lity in marriage. C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and rema in independent D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to ca se. Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that the re is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of m an. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists -- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social anim al, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch i s so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume t hat men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human natu re.” The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology ( 人类学 ). The study of primit ive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and th oughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a bl ank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contrib uting to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that th e concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman act s are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most th inkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the r ationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate ( 天生的 ) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in acc epting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, ch eating and lying. Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lie s in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as develop

ing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in h is essence seemed untenable. Yet i believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man. 31. The traditional view of human nature" was strongly challenged by A)the emergence of the evolutionary theory B)the historical approach to man C) new insight into human behavior D) the philosophical analysis of slavery 32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings A)have some traits in common B)are born with diverse cultures C)are born without a fixed nature D) change their characters as they grow up 33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to A)emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature B)show that the concept of "human nature"was used to justify social ev ils C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human natur D )support the idea that some human traits are acquired d "untenable"(Line 3)in the last paragraph of the passage most prob ably means A) invaluable C) changeable B) imaginable D) indefensible 35. Most philosophers believed that human nature A)is the quality distinguishing man from other animals B)consists of competitiveness and selfishness C)is something partly innate and partly acquired D)consists of rationality and undesirable behavior Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passag Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been du inging virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioner s(从业者) With virtual reality well be able id Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (4 i)that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors w

ing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in h is essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man. 31. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by____. A) the emergence of the evolutionary theory B) the historical approach to man C) new insight into human behavior D) the philosophical analysis of slavery 32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings____ A) have some traits in common B) are born with diverse cultures C) are born without a fixed nature D) change their characters as they grow up 33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to____ A) emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature” B) show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social ev ils C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human natur e” D) support the idea that some human traits are acquired 34. The word “untenable” (Line 3) in the last paragraph of the passage most prob ably means____ A) invaluable C) changeable B) imaginable D) indefensible 35. Most philosophers believed that human nature____ A) is the quality distinguishing man from other animals B) consists of competitiveness and selfishness C) is something partly innate and partly acquired D) consists of rationality and undesirable behavior Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioner s ( 从业者 ). “With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets ( 头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors w

ould guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that oper ate on the soldier Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an int ernational organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instru ments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon o n force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital se tting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian me dicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes i mages of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produc a 3-D She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (Ht#E). Zamorano is als o using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watche s the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient s brain taken before surgery. uring these procedures operations that are done through small cuts in th e body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered --surgeons are wearing 3-d glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeo ns to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of me 36. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine A)will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield B)can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield C) will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield D )can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield 37. Richard satava has visions of A)using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on th e battlefield C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons D)setting up mobile surgical units overseas 38. How is virtual reality surgery performed? A)It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device B)Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a c omputer C)Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them )A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation 39. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because A)he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen B)the cuts can be examined from different angles C) the cuts have been highly magnified D)he is wearing 3-D glasses

ould guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that oper ate on the soldier. Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure , scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an int ernational organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instru ments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon o n force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital se tting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian me dicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes i mages of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produc e a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is als o using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watche s the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient ’s brain taken before surgery. During these procedures — operations that are done through small cuts in th e body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered -- surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeo ns to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of me dicine.” 36. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine ____ A) will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield B) can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield C) will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield D) can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield 37. Richard Satava has visions of____ A) using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on th e battlefield C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons D) setting up mobile surgical units overseas 38. How is virtual reality surgery performed? A) It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device. B) Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a c omputer. C) Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them. D) A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation. 39. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because ____. A) he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen B) the cuts can be examined from different angles C) the cuts have been highly magnified D) he is wearing 3-D glasses