Unit Six Section A How to Prepare for Earthquakes Warm-up questions 1. Have you ever been in an earthquake? 2. What do you think you would do first if the room started to shake? 3. How should we prepare for earthquakes? Related information 1. Tangshan Earthquake The most severe earthquake, measuring8.2 on the richter scale(里氏震级) struck without warning in the early morning hours of July 28. Its epicenter (R p) was located about 100 miles southeast of Peking and only ten miles from the key coal-mining center of Tangshan, a city of over 1 million people. Sixteen hours later a second quake, of 7.9 magnitude, shook northeast China. Together, the two quakes almost completely leveled Tangshan. Accord ing to casualty reports coming out of China in September, over 240,000 people were killed and 700,000 injured 地震造成公路断裂 震中烈度为11度,桥梁坍塌,交通彻底中断
Unit Six Section A How to Prepare for Earthquakes Warm-up questions 1. Have you ever been in an earthquake? 2. What do you think you would do first if the room started to shake? 3. How should we prepare for earthquakes? Related Information 1. Tangshan Earthquake The most severe earthquake, measuring 8.2 on the Richter scale（里氏震级）, struck without warning in the early morning hours of July 28. Its epicenter（震中） was located about 100 miles southeast of Peking and only ten miles from the key coal-mining center of Tangshan, a city of over 1 million people. Sixteen hours later a second quake, of 7.9 magnitude, shook northeast China. Together, the two quakes almost completely leveled Tangshan. According to casualty reports coming out of China in September, over 240,000 people were killed and 700,000 injured. 地震造成公路断裂 震中烈度为 11 度，桥梁坍塌，交通彻底中断
1976年7月28日凌晨3时42分,河北省冀东地区的唐山、丰南一带突然发 生78级强地震,新兴的重工业城市唐山蒙受惨重灾难,被夷为一片废墟。地 震震中在唐山路南区的吉祥路一带,即北纬39度38,东经118度11°,震中烈 度达11度,震源深度12公里。 极震区以唐山为中心向四面延伸,约47平方公里。唐山市老区多为老式单 层民房,震后变成一片瓦砾;新市区大多是砖混结构多层建筑,几乎倒塌殆 尽;钢筋混凝土框架结构的髙层建筑物亦未能幸免,铁路轨道发生蛇形扭曲或 由于路基下沉而呈波浪式起伏,地表产生宽大裂缝,桥梁普遍場毁,地震构造 裂缝延伸达8公里,裂缝带附近的地面运动非常惊人,其两则200多米的范围 内连人都被抛向空中。 地震的影响区域极大,强震波及我国东部的广大地区,北起黑龙江的满洲 里,南至河南的漂河,东临渤海湾,西抵宁夏的名咀山,14个省、市、自治 区、200多万平方公里土地上居住的几亿人受到扰动。遭受地震破坏的区域约 21万多平方公里,其中严重破坏区3万多平方公里。区内民房大量倒塌,农田 淤满泥沙,水渠、水并堵塞,公路,铁路、桥梁损毁。据京津唐地区累计,地 震中死亡242万余人,重伤164万余人,轻伤者不计其数。 Kobe Earthquake At 5: 46: 51 AM, on January 17, 1995, the western port city of Kobe remained virtually paraly zed today in the wake of the 7. 2-magnitude earthquake that killed more than 2,000 people, sent as many as 120,000 seeking refuge and laid waste to assurances that modern construction technology protects city dwellers in Japan from major seismIc(地震的) damage 1995年1月17日日本时间清晨5点46分,北纬34.6度,东经135.0度, 次可怕的地震降临了,几万栋房屋倾刻成了一片废墟,路面开裂,地基变 形,铁道弯曲,列车脱轨,港口破坏,拦腰折断的大楼倒下来将道路隔截,断 裂的高速公路从几十米高处塌落下来,地震引起的火灾将神户市上空映得一片 通红.这次地震震级为7.2级,造成人员死亡5466人,3万多人受伤,几十万 人无家可归,受害人数达140多万人,被毁房屋超过十万栋,生命线工程和大 量公共设施被严重破坏,造成经济损失达1000亿美元。 Text Structure Analysi The essay focuses on one central theme: earthquake prediction, prevention and preparation. One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the writing is a general statement supported by details
1976 年 7 月 28 日凌晨 3 时 42 分，河北省冀东地区的唐山、丰南一带突然发 生 7.8 级强地震，新兴的重工业城市唐山蒙受惨重灾难，被夷为一片废墟。地 震震中在唐山路南区的吉祥路一带，即北纬 39 度 38’，东经 118 度 11’，震中烈 度达 11 度，震源深度 12 公里。 极震区以唐山为中心向四面延伸，约 47 平方公里。唐山市老区多为老式单 层民房，震后变成一片瓦砾；新市区大多是砖混结构多层建筑，几乎倒塌殆 尽；钢筋混凝土框架结构的高层建筑物亦未能幸免，铁路轨道发生蛇形扭曲或 由于路基下沉而呈波浪式起伏，地表产生宽大裂缝，桥梁普遍塌毁，地震构造 裂缝延伸达 8 公里，裂缝带附近的地面运动非常惊人，其两则 200 多米的范围 内连人都被抛向空中。 地震的影响区域极大，强震波及我国东部的广大地区，北起黑龙江的满洲 里，南至河南的漂河，东临渤海湾，西抵宁夏的名咀山，14 个省、市、自治 区、200 多万平方公里土地上居住的几亿人受到扰动。遭受地震破坏的区域约 21 万多平方公里，其中严重破坏区 3 万多平方公里。区内民房大量倒塌，农田 淤满泥沙，水渠、水并堵塞，公路，铁路、桥梁损毁。据京津唐地区累计，地 震中死亡 24.2 万余人，重伤 16.4 万余人，轻伤者不计其数。 Kobe Earthquake At 5:46:51 AM, on January 17, 1995, the western port city of Kobe remained virtually paralyzed today in the wake of the 7.2-magnitude earthquake that killed more than 2,000 people, sent as many as 120,000 seeking refuge and laid waste to assurances that modern construction technology protects city dwellers in Japan from major seismic（地震的）damage. 1995 年 1 月 17 日日本时间清晨 5 点 46 分，北纬 34.6 度，东经 135.0 度， 一次可怕的地震降临了，几万栋房屋倾刻成了一片废墟，路面开裂，地基变 形，铁道弯曲，列车脱轨，港口破坏，拦腰折断的大楼倒下来将道路隔截，断 裂的高速公路从几十米高处塌落下来，地震引起的火灾将神户市上空映得一片 通红.这次地震震级为 7.2 级，造成人员死亡 5466 人，3 万多人受伤，几十万 人无家可归，受害人数达 140 多万人，被毁房屋超过十万栋，生命线工程和大 量公共设施被严重破坏，造成经济损失达 1000 亿美元。 Text Structure Analysis The essay focuses on one central theme: earthquake prediction, prevention and preparation. One characteristic writing technique that runs throughout the writing is a general statement supported by details
The whole passage can be divided into 4 part 1. The first part of the passage is one paragraph, Paragraph 1. The general statement is how to know when an earthquake is going to happen prediction of an earthquake. The general statement is followed and supported by details 2. The second part of the passage is also one paragraph, Paragraph 2. The general statement is how to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes. The general statement is followed and supported by details 3. The third part of the passage consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6. The general statement is how to prepare for the possibil ity of a great earthquake. The general statement has its details in 4 paragraphs, from house preparations to survival supplies, useful tools and earthquake emergency plans 4. The fourth part of the passage is also one paragraph, Paragraph 7. The author offers his advice as a conclusion: Even if prediction becomes possible in the future, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improv ing building structures and by being personally prepared Word study 1. earthquake n [C] a sudden violent movement of the Earth's surface, sometimes causing great damage地震 It is reported by radio that the earthquake yesterd ay accounted for five deaths 据电台报导昨天的地震使五人丧生 Most of the houses in the city were destroyed in the earthquake 城里大多数的房子在地震中毁了 2. detect vt notice(sth. that is partly hidden or not clear)or discover(sth ) esp using a special method发现;探测。通过细致的调查和精密的观察发现 The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth 牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象 small quantities of poison were detected in the dead man s stomach find既可以指对新事物寻求的结果,也可以指找到丢失的东西 Doctors are still trying to find a cure for colds discover是通用词,在表示“发现”的时候,被揭示物老早就客观存在着 We have discovered that the young man is a discreet and economical fellow 我们发现这个年青人是个既谨慎又有经济头脑的小伙子。 - Columbus d iscovered America in1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲 reveal在表示“揭示”的时候,通过或好象通过拉开帷幕把某物展现出来 --In spite of this, many people are confident that The Revealer may reveal something of value fairly soon 尽管如此,许多人相信,这架探测器不久便会探出有价值的东西来 She reveals her even teeth whenever she smiles 每当她微笑时,她那整齐的牙齿便被展现出来。 disclose表示把未宣布的事情“透露”出来 She disclosed that she had been married for a month 她透露自己已经结婚一个月了。 3. experimental a.of, used for, using or based on experiments实验的,用作实验 的,根据实验的 The experimental farm is near the waterpower station 实验农场在水电站附近 4. wax: vi increase; grow The popularity of the film stars waxed and waned
The whole passage can be divided into 4 parts: 1. The first part of the passage is one paragraph, Paragraph 1. The general statement is how to know when an earthquake is going to happen — prediction of an earthquake. The general statement is followed and supported by details. 2. The second part of the passage is also one paragraph, Paragraph 2. The general statement is how to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes. The general statement is followed and supported by details. 3. The third part of the passage consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6. The general statement is how to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. The general statement has its details in 4 paragraphs, from house preparations to survival supplies, useful tools and earthquake emergency plans. 4. The fourth part of the passage is also one paragraph, Paragraph 7. The author offers his advice as a conclusion: Even if prediction becomes possible in the future, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared. Word Study 1. earthquake n. [C] a sudden violent movement of the Earth's surface, sometimes causing great damage 地震 -- It is reported by radio that the earthquake yesterday accounted for five deaths. 据电台报导昨天的地震使五人丧生。 -- Most of the houses in the city were destroyed in the earthquake. 城里大多数的房子在地震中毁了。 2. detect vt. notice (sth. that is partly hidden or not clear) or discover (sth.), esp. using a special method 发现；探测 。通过细致的调查和精密的观察发现 -- The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth. 牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象。 --Small quantities of poison were detected in the dead man’s stomach. find 既可以指对新事物寻求的结果，也可以指找到丢失的东西 --Doctors are still trying to find a cure for colds. discover 是通用词，在表示“发现”的时候，被揭示物老早就客观存在着 -- We have discovered that the young man is a discreet and economical fellow. 我们发现这个年青人是个既谨慎又有经济头脑的小伙子。 --Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于 1492 年发现了美洲。 reveal 在表示“揭示”的时候，通过或好象通过拉开帷幕把某物展现出来 --In spite of this, many people are confident that ‘The Revealer’may reveal something of value fairly soon. 尽管如此，许多人相信，这架探测器不久便会探出有价值的东西来。 --She reveals her even teeth whenever she smiles. 每当她微笑时，她那整齐的牙齿便被展现出来。 disclose 表示把未宣布的事情“透露”出来 --She disclosed that she had been married for a month. 她透露自己已经结婚一个月了。 3. experimental a. of, used for, using or based on experiments 实验的，用作实验 的，根据实验的 --The experimental farm is near the waterpower station. 实验农场在水电站附近。 4. wax: vi. increase; grow --The popularity of the film stars waxed and waned
电影明星们的名望盛衰无常。 Her feelings for john wax and wane.她对约翰的感情时好时坏。 n a solid fatty or oily substance that softens and melts at a low temperature - Candles are made from wax.蜡烛是蜡做的。 -lt is obvious that a coating of wax was put on the paper:显然纸上涂了一层蜡 The floor wax has been used out; Please buy some for me 地板蜡用光了,请帮我买一些 destruction n. destroying or being destroyed破坏,摧毁 the cause or means of destroying破坏的原因或手段 - The fire caused the destruction of my books.这场大火使我的藏书被毁坏。 Pride was her destruction骄傲是她致命的弱点 6. withstand vt bear or not be changed by(sth )or oppose(a person or thing) successfully经受,承受,指有权力、实力、能力去忍受某种情况,经得起 This kind of material can withstand severe tests wear /fire/earthquake endure v.忍耐,忍受,尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力 -Farmers must learn to endure occasional crop failures that are due to heavy frost What can' t be cured must be endured.无可奈何的事就得忍着 -she can t endure the toothache any lo bear: pertains broadly to capacity to withstand:指忍受各种令人沮丧的负担 She can't bear the sound of chalk scraping on the blackboard tolerate:主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情,含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意 .i won' t tolerate your selfishness /bad manners stand指精神上坚毅,有决心 Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn ' t perform in public suffer指顺从、听任、容忍、自制 He suffered their insults in silence.他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害. 7. weld vt join two pieces of metal together by melting the parts that touch t bring into close association or union.使紧密结合,使成整体 -- He welded the broken rod.他焊接一根断了的杆子 - We were welded into a fighting collective.我们结成一个战斗集体 8. joint n.l.〖C] a place where two things are fixed together接头,接缝,接合处 2. [C] the place where two bones are connected Hi Our arms and legs bend at the joints- the elbows and knees 我们的胳膊和腿在关节处,即胳膊肘和膝盖处弯曲。 a. belonging to or shared between two or more people共有的,联合的 Mr Jones and his two sons are the joint owners of the business 琼斯先生和他的两个儿子是这个商店的共同所有者。 9. horizontal a. parallel to the horizon;fhat; level与地平线平行的,平的,水平的 --On a map there are horizontal lines and vertical lines 在地图上有水平的线和垂直的线 10. beam n. 1. [C] a long thick piece of wood or metal, esp. used to support weight in a build ing or other structure梁,横梁 2.C] a line of light that shines from an object that gives out light光束,射束 The beams of the searchlights fingered the sky over the airport 道道探照灯光刺破机场的天空 vi. smile happily and cheerfully喻快地微笑/ send out light and warmth发光发热
电影明星们的名望盛衰无常。 --Her feelings for John wax and wane. 她对约翰的感情时好时坏。 n. a solid fatty or oily substance that softens and melts at a low temperature --Candles are made from wax. 蜡烛是蜡做的。 --It is obvious that a coating of wax was put on the paper. 显然,纸上涂了一层蜡 --The floor wax has been used out; Please buy some for me. 地板蜡用光了，请帮我买一些。 5. destruction n. destroying or being destroyed 破坏，摧毁 the cause or means of destroying 破坏的原因或手段 -- The fire caused the destruction of my books. 这场大火使我的藏书被毁坏。 -- Pride was her destruction. 骄傲是她致命的弱点。 6. withstand vt. bear or not be changed by (sth.) or oppose (a person or thing) successfully 经受，承受，指有权力、实力、能力去忍受某种情况, 经得起 -- This kind of material can withstand severe tests wear /fire/earthquake. endure v. 忍耐，忍受, 尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力： ---Farmers must learn to endure occasional crop failures that are due to heavy frost. ---What can’t be cured must be endured.无可奈何的事就得忍着。 ---She can’t endure the toothache any longer. bear: pertains broadly to capacity to withstand:指忍受各种令人沮丧的负担 ---She can’t bear the sound of chalk scraping on the blackboard. tolerate: 主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意 ---I won’t tolerate your selfishness / bad manners. stand 指精神上坚毅，有决心 ---Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn't perform in public. suffer 指顺从、听任、容忍、自制 ---He suffered their insults in silence. 他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害. 7. weld vt. join two pieces of metal together by melting the parts that touch 焊接 bring into close association or union. 使紧密结合，使成整体 -- He welded the broken rod. 他焊接一根断了的杆子。 --We were welded into a fighting collective. 我们结成一个战斗集体。 8. joint n. 1. [C] a place where two things are fixed together 接头，接缝，接合处 2. [C] the place where two bones are connected 关节 -- Our arms and legs bend at the joints — the elbows and knees. 我们的胳膊和腿在关节处，即胳膊肘和膝盖处弯曲。 a. belonging to or shared between two or more people 共有的，联合的 -- Mr. Jones and his two sons are the joint owners of the business. 琼斯先生和他的两个儿子是这个商店的共同所有者。 9. horizontal a. parallel to the horizon; flat; level 与地平线平行的，平的，水平的 --On a map there are horizontal lines and vertical lines. 在地图上有水平的线和垂直的线。 10. beam n. 1. [C] a long thick piece of wood or metal, esp. used to support weight in a building or other structure 梁，横梁 2. [C] a line of light that shines from an object that gives out light 光束，射束 --The beams of the searchlights fingered the sky over the airport. 一道道探照灯光刺破机场的天空。 vi. smile happily and cheerfully 愉快地微笑/ send out light and warmth 发光发热
He beamed on his visitors.他对着客人们微笑。 vt broadcast(a message, television programme,etc.)播送(消息、电视节目等) express by means of a radiant smile:微笑示意 he news was beamed to the whole globe by satellite 这条新闻由卫星向全世界传送 He beamed his approval of the new idea.他微笑表示赞同这个新主意 11. pillar n. 1. [C] a strong column made of stone, metal or wood which supports part of a build ing, or sth. generally of this shape柱子,柱状物 The roof of the church was supported by stone pillars 这座教堂的屋顶由石柱支撑着 2.C] a strong supporter of sth.有力的支持者;栋梁 young peop ole are always regarded llar of the state.国家栋梁 12. enclose vt.1. surround围住,指把某物四面围起与外界隔绝 2. put inside an envelope or parcel, esp in add ition to sth else 把……装入信封,附寄 He enclosed the garden with chicken wire to keep out animals 他用细铁丝把院子围起来不让牲畜进去 The football field is enclosed by a wall足球场被一道墙围了起来。 I enclose herewith a cheque for20 pounds.随信附上二十镑支票一张 surround最普通用词,常强调一种令人不快的带有敌意的或危险的包围 he prison is surrounded by a high wall envelope强调某物被掩盖或遮蔽 The peak is enveloped in the clouds山峰深藏在云雾之中 encircle强调被围物体较紧密的聚集 -lt' s no good encircling the waist with a girdle.用腰带束腰 13. besides prep. in add ition to, apart from除……之外(还有) Besides milk and cheese. we need vegetables 除了牛奶和干酪外,我们还需要蔬菜。 ad. in addition;also而且,此外 --i don 't want to come out now and besides i must work. 我现在不想出去,而且我还得工作 14. fasten vt. secure or fix(sth) firmly使牢固,使固定,把物品系在一起使其固定 You can use a clip to fasten papers together用回型针把文件别在一起 - I fastened the lamp to the wall over my bed.固定在床头的墙上 tie指用绳索等将东西扎紧 Jane wrapped and tied the package before she mailed it bind指把两个或两个以上的物品牢牢地系在一起 Bind the gangster to the seat with rope lest he should escape 把匪徒用绳子绑在座位上以免他逃跑 extinguishⅵt.1. cause(sth) to stop burning; put out使熄灭,扑灭 Smoking is forbidden here. Please extinguish your cigarette 2. end the existence of(hope,love, passion,etc)使(希望、爱情、感情等)破灭 Tothing could extinguish his faith in future使他对未来的信念破灭 3. obscure; eclipse.使黯然失色;使相形见绌 -His discovery extinguished the achievements of his colleague extinction n. the act of extinguishing.灭绝
--He beamed on his visitors. 他对着客人们微笑。 vt. broadcast (a message, television programme, etc.)播送(消息、电视节目等) express by means of a radiant smile:微笑示意 --The news was beamed to the whole globe by satellite. 这条新闻由卫星向全世界传送。 --He beamed his approval of the new idea. 他微笑表示赞同这个新主意 11. pillar n. 1. [C] a strong column made of stone, metal or wood which supports part of a building, or sth. generally of this shape 柱子，柱状物 --The roof of the church was supported by stone pillars. 这座教堂的屋顶由石柱支撑着。 2. [C] a strong supporter of sth.有力的支持者；栋梁 --The young people are always regarded as a pillar of the state. 国家栋梁 12. enclose vt. 1. surround 围住，指把某物四面围起与外界隔绝 2. put inside an envelope or parcel, esp. in addition to sth. else 把……装入信封，附寄 --He enclosed the garden with chicken wire to keep out animals. 他用细铁丝把院子围起来不让牲畜进去。 --The football field is enclosed by a wall. 足球场被一道墙围了起来。 --I enclose herewith a cheque for 20 pounds. 随信附上二十镑支票一张。 surround 最普通用词，常强调一种令人不快的带有敌意的或危险的包围 --The prison is surrounded by a high wall. envelope 强调某物被掩盖或遮蔽 --The peak is enveloped in the clouds.山峰深藏在云雾之中 encircle 强调被围物体较紧密的聚集 --It’s no good encircling the waist with a girdle. 用腰带束腰 13. besides prep. in addition to; apart from 除... ...之外（还有） --Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。 ad. in addition ; also 而且，此外 --I don't want to come out now, and besides, I must work. 我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。 14. fasten vt. secure or fix (sth.) firmly 使牢固，使固定，把物品系在一起使其固定 --You can use a clip to fasten papers together.用回型针把文件别在一起 --I fastened the lamp to the wall over my bed. 固定在床头的墙上 tie 指用绳索等将东西扎紧 --Jane wrapped and tied the package before she mailed it. bind 指把两个或两个以上的物品牢牢地系在一起 --Bind the gangster to the seat with rope lest he should escape. 把匪徒用绳子绑在座位上以免他逃跑。 15. extinguish vt. 1. cause (sth.) to stop burning; put out 使熄灭，扑灭 --Smoking is forbidden here. Please extinguish your cigarette. 2. end the existence of (hope, love, passion, etc.)使(希望、爱情、感情等)破灭 --Nothing could extinguish his faith in future.使他对未来的信念破灭 3. obscure; eclipse.使黯然失色；使相形见绌 --His discovery extinguished the achievements of his colleague. extinction n. the act of extinguishing. 灭绝
Many species are already in peril of extinction(濒临灭绝 because of our destruction of their natural habitat l6. handy a.1. conveniently placed for being reached or used手边的,近便的 2. useful or convenient to use有用的,方便的 3.指“手巧的”多用于一些小事上 Have you got your identity card handy?你是不是已把身份证取出放在手边了? - This is a handy little safety box这是一只使用方便的小保险箱 She was handy with her needle她善长针线活。 17. fragment n. [C] a small piece or a part, esp. when broken from sth. whole 碎片,碎块,断片 she dropped the bowl on the floor and it broke into fragments 她把碗掉在地上,碗破成碎片 v.( cause to) break into small pieces or parts(使)成碎片 The vase was fragmented in shipment.花瓶在运送途中被打碎了。 He was still in bad cond ition and could recall only a fragmented account of the accident.(喻)他的情况仍然不好只能回忆起那次事故的零碎片断 18. chaos n.[U] a state of complete confusion and lack of order混乱,无秩序,指 完全无秩序或明显不整齐 The desk was a chaos of papers and unopened letters 桌上杂乱地堆放着一些纸张和未拆的信 The enemies were in a state of chaos.敌人陷入混乱之中。 confusion指“不加区别地混在一起,很难区分” The hall was a confusion of laughter.大厅里笑声乱成一团。 disorder指“秩序或东西安排得混乱”, The room was in disorder.屋子一片混乱。 disarray强调“队列、安排或衣冠不整而造成的混乱”, The soldiers were in disarray after the battle.战斗结束后士兵们一片混乱 19. sensible a. based on or acting on good judgment and practical ideas or derstand ing明智的,合情理的 If you are sensible you will study for another year.如果你明智的话,你就再 学习一年。 having a perception of something; cognizant:意识到的 He is sensible of the danger of his position.他发觉他处境危险 ational强调“有理性和思考、推理能力的” Man is a rational being人类是有理性的动物。 reasonable语意较弱,指“合情合理的”、“(价格)公平合理的” I'll buy the car if the price is reasonable.如果价钱公道,我就把这辆车买下。 20. accuracy n. [Ul being exact, esp resulting from careful effort 精确(性),准确(性) .i doubt the accuracy of your statement.我怀疑你的话的正确性。 Accuracy is most important in translation.正确性在翻译中最为重要。 21. occurrence n. 1. [C] an event or incident; happening 发生的事情,事件,系常用词,指“任何发生的事件” --His arrival was an unexpected occurrence happening与 occurrence同意
--Many species are already in peril of extinction (濒临灭绝)because of our destruction of their natural habitat. 16. handy a. 1. conveniently placed for being reached or used 手边的，近便的 2. useful or convenient to use 有用的，方便的 3. 指 “手巧的”多用于一些小事上, --Have you got your identity card handy?你是不是已把身份证取出放在手边了? --This is a handy little safety box.这是一只使用方便的小保险箱。 --She was handy with her needle. 她善长针线活。 17. fragment n. [C] a small piece or a part, esp. when broken from sth. whole 碎片，碎块，断片 --She dropped the bowl on the floor and it broke into fragments. 她把碗掉在地上，碗破成碎片。 v. (cause to) break into small pieces or parts（使）成碎片 -- The vase was fragmented in shipment.花瓶在运送途中被打碎了。 -- He was still in bad condition and could recall only a fragmented account of the accident. (喻) 他的情况仍然不好只能回忆起那次事故的零碎片断。 18. chaos n. [U] a state of complete confusion and lack of order 混乱，无秩序, 指 “完全无秩序或明显不整齐” -- The desk was a chaos of papers and unopened letters. 桌上杂乱地堆放着一些纸张和未拆的信 -- The enemies were in a state of chaos. 敌人陷入混乱之中。 confusion 指“不加区别地混在一起， 很难区分”， --The hall was a confusion of laughter. 大厅里笑声乱成一团。 disorder 指“秩序或东西安排得混乱”， --The room was in disorder. 屋子一片混乱。 disarray 强调“队列、安排或衣冠不整而造成的混乱”， --The soldiers were in disarray after the battle. 战斗结束后士兵们一片混乱。 19. sensible a. based on or acting on good judgment and practical ideas or understanding 明智的，合情理的 -- If you are sensible you will study for another year. 如果你明智的话，你就再 学习一年。 having a perception of something; cognizant: 意识到的 -- He is sensible of the danger of his position. 他发觉他处境危险。 rational 强调“有理性和思考、推理能力的” --Man is a rational being.人类是有理性的动物。 reasonable 语意较弱, 指“合情合理的”、“(价格)公平合理的” --I'll buy the car if the price is reasonable.如果价钱公道, 我就把这辆车买下。 20. accuracy n. [U] being exact, esp. resulting from careful effort 精确（性），准确（性） --I doubt the accuracy of your statement. 我怀疑你的话的正确性。 --Accuracy is most important in translation.正确性在翻译中最为重要。 21. occurrence n. 1. [C] an event or incident; happening 发生的事情，事件 , 系常用词, 指“任何发生的事件” --His arrival was an unexpected occurrence. happening 与 occurrence 同意
It's only a happening of no great importance. Dont make a fuss over it vent指“有重要意义的历史事件”、“重大事件” The events of the day are reported on the evening news 那天的事件已在晚间新闻上作了报导, incident指“事件”,尤指“比较不重要的小事件” At tea that night he related the incident to christine 2.[U] the fact of sth. happening发生,出现 They will take measures to guarantee against the occurrence of similar accidents in the futur 22. resistant a. offering resistance抵抗的,对抗的 Plastics tend to be resistant to these acids resistance n. the act or an instance of resisting or the capacity to resist.抵抗,抵抗 力,反对 .a healthy person offers more resistance to disease than a weak person There has been much resistance to the new law 23. precaution n. [C] an action which is done to prevent sth unpleasant or dangerous trom happening预防,预防措施 He took every precaution but still got a bad deal on that used cal 他处处小心但还是在旧车交易中受骗 He took the precaution of locking his door when he went out 当他外出的时候谨慎地锁上门。 Take precautions against fire!!谨防火灾! 4. watch.. for look at or observe sth.for留意,观察 We had better wait and watch for a better chance The doctor told him to watch out for symptoms of measles麻疹的症状 25. come out of leave离开,从来 The children are coming out of the house and going into the garden 26. after all(used for reminding sb. of a certain fact) it must be remembered Miid 住,别忘了; in spite of everything毕竟,终究; in spite of尽管 I know he hasn't finished the work but after all. he's done his best 我知道他未完成这项工作但是要记住,他还是尽力了 It has turned out to be a nice day after all天气终于转晴了。 After all our advice, he insists on going.尽管我们劝阻他,他依然坚持要去 27 attach sth. to sth. fasten or join sth. to sth把某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上 --You have to attach your photo to the application form -The submarine is attached to the pacific Fleet No one attached the slightest importance to his speech. she was so attached to her home 28 in addition(o) as an extra person, thing or situation(to)加之;除……之外 The man worked him sixteen hours a day and beat him in add ition --In add ition to such subjects, the department also taught mathematics and geography 29 at work at the place where one works; doing work在工作的地方:在工作 In operation在起作用 I'm at work on a new project now.我现在正忙于一个新工程 -A revolutionary spirit was at work
-- It’s only a happening of no great importance. Don’t make a fuss over it. event 指“有重要意义的历史事件”、“重大事件” -- The events of the day are reported on the evening news. 那天的事件已在晚间新闻上作了报导， incident 指“事件”, 尤指“比较不重要的小事件” --At tea that night he related the incident to Christine. 2. [U] the fact of sth. happening 发生，出现 --They will take measures to guarantee against the occurrence of similar accidents in the future. 22. resistant a. offering resistance 抵抗的，对抗的 --Plastics tend to be resistant to these acids. resistance n. the act or an instance of resisting or the capacity to resist. 抵抗, 抵抗 力, 反对 --A healthy person offers more resistance to disease than a weak person. --There has been much resistance to the new law. 23. precaution n. [C] an action which is done to prevent sth. unpleasant or dangerous from happening 预防，预防措施 -- He took every precaution but still got a bad deal on that used car. 他处处小心但还是在旧车交易中受骗 -- He took the precaution of locking his door when he went out. 当他外出的时候谨慎地锁上门。 -- Take precautions against fire! 谨防火灾! 24. watch … for look at or observe sth. for 留意，观察 --We had better wait and watch for a better chance. --The doctor told him to watch out for symptoms of measles.麻疹的症状 25. come out of leave 离开，从... ...出来 --The children are coming out of the house and going into the garden. 26. after all (used for reminding sb. of a certain fact) it must be remembered 应该记 住，别忘了; in spite of everything 毕竟，终究 ；in spite of 尽管 --I know he hasn't finished the work, but after all, he's done his best. 我知道他未完成这项工作,但是要记住,他还是尽力了。 -- It has turned out to be a nice day after all. 天气终于转晴了。 -- After all our advice, he insists on going. 尽管我们劝阻他,他依然坚持要去。 27. attach sth. to sth. fasten or join sth. to sth.把某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上 --You have to attach your photo to the application form. --The submarine is attached to the Pacific Fleet. --No one attached the slightest importance to his speech. --She was so attached to her home. 28. in addition (to) as an extra person, thing or situation (to) 加之；除... ...之外 --The man worked him sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition. --In addition to such subjects, the department also taught mathematics and geography. 29. at work at the place where one works; doing work 在工作的地方；在工作 in operation 在起作用 -- I'm at work on a new project now. 我现在正忙于一个新工程 --A revolutionary spirit was at work
30. put out cause to stop burning熄灭,扑灭, produce生产;isue发表,广播 -We just managed to put the flames out before any real damage was caused --The publisher has put out 20 new books in the past several months The government will put out a new statement next week 31. turn off stop the flow of (electricity, gas, water, etc by turning a tap, etc. E (电源、煤气、水等),关闭 Please turn off the light before you leave cause sb. to lose interest or desire使讨厌,反感 People with loud voices turn me off 32. agree on/ upon/about have the same opinion about就……达成一致意见 I don' t agree with either of you on this problem I agree with you about its be ing a mistake agree to consent to同意建议、安排等 --I find it impossible to agree to your terms / arrangeme 33. be busy with have much to do; work on忙于,忙碌 -He was busy day and night with conferences She was busy writing a composition busy. keep busy使自己忙于 Graduates are busying themselves in packing up for their working posts 毕业生们正忙着整理行装去他们新的工作岗位。 He busied himself with all sorts of little tasks 34. check in report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport,etc.登记,报到 Passengers must check in at the airport an hour before the plane leaves 旅客们必须在飞机起飞前一小时到机场办理登机手续 check out pay one' s bill and leave( hotel, supermarket etc.)付帐离开 The last guests checked out their rooms in the morning 35. make a difference have an effect on sb. or sth.(对某人或物)有影响起作用 It doesn't make much/any/the least difference whether you accept the job or not make a difference between treat d afferently区别对待 The law makes a d ifference between offensive and criminal behavior Vocabulary 1. They a thief in the act of breaking into their house A defined B. revealed C. disclosed D. detected 2. The teacher experimented a new teaching method A. of 3. Because it the effects of high temperatures rhenium is a valuable ingredient in certain alloys A endures B. withstands C. tolerates D. suffers 4. A large Sino-Japanese venture is well on the way to its goal A connected B. general D. combined 5. I received her letter and the check A enclosed B 6. She told me that she has other two cars besides the one she drives to work A. apart from B in add De fc 7. The automatic shoe-making machine can the leather onto the soles of a C. bind
30. put out cause to stop burning 熄灭，扑灭 , produce 生产；issue 发表，广播 --We just managed to put the flames out before any real damage was caused. --The publisher has put out 20 new books in the past several months. --The government will put out a new statement next week. 31. turn off stop the flow of (electricity, gas, water, etc.) by turning a tap, etc.关上 （电源、煤气、水等），关闭 ； --Please turn off the light before you leave. cause sb. to lose interest or desire 使讨厌，反感 --People with loud voices turn me off. 32. agree on/upon/about have the same opinion about 就……达成一致意见 --I don’t agree with either of you on this problem. --I agree with you about its being a mistake. agree to consent to 同意建议、安排等 --I find it impossible to agree to your terms / arrangement. 33. be busy with have much to do; work on 忙于，忙碌 --He was busy day and night with conferences. --She was busy writing a composition. busy v. keep busy 使自己忙于 --Graduates are busying themselves in packing up for their working posts. 毕业生们正忙着整理行装去他们新的工作岗位。 --He busied himself with all sorts of little tasks. 34. check in report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.登记，报到 --Passengers must check in at the airport an hour before the plane leaves. 旅客们必须在飞机起飞前一小时到机场办理登机手续。 check out pay one’s bill and leave (hotel, supermarket etc.) 付帐离开 --The last guests checked out their rooms in the morning. 35. make a difference have an effect on sb. or sth. (对某人或物) 有影响/起作用 --It doesn’t make much/any/the least difference whether you accept the job or not. make a difference between treat differently 区别对待 --The law makes a difference between offensive and criminal behavior. Vocabulary 1. They ________ a thief in the act of breaking into their house A. defined B. revealed C. disclosed D. detected 2. The teacher experimented ________ a new teaching method. A. of B. for C. about D. with 3. Because it ________ the effects of high temperatures rhenium is a valuable ingredient in certain alloys. A. endures B. withstands C. tolerates D. suffers 4. A large Sino-Japanese ________ venture is well on the way to its goal. A. connected B. general C. joint D. combined 5. I received her letter and the ________ check. A. enclosed B. enveloped C. encircled D. entitled 6. She told me that she has other two cars besides the one she drives to work. A. apart from B. in addition C. except D. except for 7. The automatic shoe-making machine can ________ the leather onto the soles of a shoe. A. polish B. tie C. bind D. fasten
8. There were a number of in the land because of drought A fragments B fractures C. fraction D. framework 9. It's of you to take an umbrella with you A. sens B. sensible D. sensed 10. Divorce has become an everyday A happening B incident C. event occurrence Language points 1. In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast: vt. say, esp. with the help of some kind of knowledge, what one thinks going to happen in the future根据已知情况作出预测,尤其适用与天气预报 The weatherman was unable to forecast the weather more than three days in The teacher forecast that 15 of his pupils would pass the exam predict较为正式,语气较强,指根据已知事实推断,其准确程度不一,主 语只能为人 The experts predicted an upturn in the stock market foretell与 predict同意,可以互换使用,但主语既可以是人也可以是物 . The dark clouds foretold the coming of storm Perhaps certain gifted persons can foretell the future 2. In Japan, scientists have wired the earth and sea to detect movements.(Para. 1) Meaning: In Japan, scientists have placed wires on the Earth and in the sea to discover the movements of the surface of the earth 3. The Chinese have trad itionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. (Para. 1 Meaning: The Chinese people have a trad ition of looking for warning signs of earthquakes by watching animals and plants 4. For example, the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake, hens behavior changes -they refuse to enter their cages at night. (Para. 1) Meaning: Just for an example, the Chinese people have found that before earthquake, hens would change their normal behavior -they refuse to enter their cages for the night 5. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs. (Para. 1) Meaning: They have also noticed that snakes leave their holes in the ground and are frozen to death, and that dogs bark a lot, even those dogs that are normally 6. .. there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the ara Meaning:.. there were reports say ing that large groups of fish were swimming near the surface of the water school: large group of aquatic animals, especially fish a#f .A school of dolphins are performing in the pool 7. Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.(Para. 1) Meaning: Perhaps what is most interesting and most easily measured is a chemical change in ground water before an earthquake Please note the order of the sentence. It is reversed
8. There were a number of ________ in the land because of drought. A. fragments B. fractures C. fraction D. framework. 9. It’s ________ of you to take an umbrella with you. A. sense B. sensible C. sensitive D. sensed 10. Divorce has become an everyday ________. A. happening B. incident C. event D. occurrence Language points 1. In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. (Para. 1) forecast: vt. say, esp. with the help of some kind of knowledge, what one thinks is going to happen in the future 根据已知情况作出预测，尤其适用与天气预报。 --The weatherman was unable to forecast the weather more than three days in advance. --The teacher forecast that 15 of his pupils would pass the exam. predict 较为正式，语气较强，指根据已知事实推断，其准确程度不一，主 语只能为人 --The experts predicted an upturn in the stock market. foretell 与 predict 同意，可以互换使用， 但主语既可以是人也可以是物 --The dark clouds foretold the coming of storm. --Perhaps certain gifted persons can foretell the future. 2. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements. (Para. 1) Meaning: In Japan, scientists have placed wires on the Earth and in the sea to discover the movements of the surface of the Earth. 3. The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. (Para. 1) Meaning: The Chinese people have a tradition of looking for warning signs of earthquakes by watching animals and plants. 4. For example, the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake, hens' behavior changes — they refuse to enter their cages at night. (Para. 1) Meaning: Just for an example, the Chinese people have found that before an earthquake, hens would change their normal behavior — they refuse to enter their cages for the night. 5. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs. (Para. 1) Meaning: They have also noticed that snakes leave their holes in the ground and are frozen to death, and that dogs bark a lot, even those dogs that are normally quiet. 6. …there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. (Para. 1) Meaning: …there were reports saying that large groups of fish were swimming near the surface of the water. school: large group of aquatic animals, especially fish 鱼群 --A school of dolphins are performing in the pool. 7. Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. (Para. 1) Meaning: Perhaps what is most interesting and most easily measured is a chemical change in ground water before an earthquake. Please note the order of the sentence. It is reversed
8. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (rn) in the wat under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. Para. 1) Meaning: Data collected from experiments seem to ind icate that the amount of the element radon(Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth increases before earthquake 9. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings (Para. 2) Meaning: Please remember that most of the people who d ie in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings 10. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a or concern. (Para. 2) Meaning: Therefore, constructing buildings that can resist the power of earthquakes is something people are concerned about most 11.... but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.(Para. 2) but it is not the best material if it is welded to form a rigid structure 12. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design build ings so that the building s columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, ...(Para. 2) such a way that the build ing's columns and horizontal beams are equa e ings in h 13. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel. (Para. 2) Meaning: Concrete pillars used for highway bridges that only contained steel rods in the past are now wrapped up in steel 14. In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepar themselves. (Para. 4) Meaning: Besides preparing their houses, people in these areas need to get themselves ready for earthquakes 15. They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work. (Para. 4) Meaning: They should store water and food at home and in their working place 16. Earthquake survival supplies include ..(Para. 4 Meaning: Supplies for earthquake survival include 17. Keep a fire extinguisher handy. ( Para. 5) Meaning: Always keep a fire extinguisher within your reach 18. You should have one at home, at work, and in your car(if you have one). (Para. 5) Meaning: You should have one extinguisher at home, one at work, and one in your car(if you have a car) Note that the first" one"stands for an extinguisher, and the second"one"stands for a car 19. Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary.(Para. 5) Meaning: Have the right tools to stop the flow of gas and water when it is 20. One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas.(Para. 5) Meaning: One choice is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas alternative n. choice选择 --I had no alternative but to accept your proposal a.其它的,可替代的,两种或几种之中可供选择的 .we returned by the alternative road It will take time to develop alternative energy sources.开发其它能源需要时间 alternate adj happening or following in turns交替的,轮流的
8. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. (Para. 1) Meaning: Data collected from experiments seem to indicate that the amount of the element radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth increases before an earthquake. 9. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. (Para. 2) Meaning: Please remember that most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. 10. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. (Para. 2) Meaning: Therefore, constructing buildings that can resist the power of earthquakes is something people are concerned about most. 11. …but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. (Para. 2) …but it is not the best material if it is welded to form a rigid structure. 12. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, … (Para. 2) Meaning: Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings in such a way that the building's columns and horizontal beams are equal in strength, … 13. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel. (Para. 2) Meaning: Concrete pillars used for highway bridges that only contained steel rods in the past are now wrapped up in steel. 14. In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves. (Para. 4) Meaning: Besides preparing their houses, people in these areas need to get themselves ready for earthquakes. 15. They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work. (Para. 4) Meaning: They should store water and food at home and in their working places. 16. Earthquake survival supplies include … (Para. 4) Meaning: Supplies for earthquake survival include … 17. Keep a fire extinguisher handy. (Para. 5) Meaning: Always keep a fire extinguisher within your reach. 18. You should have one at home, at work, and in your car (if you have one). (Para. 5) Meaning: You should have one extinguisher at home, one at work, and one in your car (if you have a car). Note that the first "one" stands for an extinguisher, and the second "one" stands for a car. 19. Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary. (Para. 5) Meaning: Have the right tools to stop the flow of gas and water when it is necessary. 20. One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas. (Para. 5) Meaning: One choice is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas. alternative n. choice 选择 --I had no alternative but to accept your proposal. a. 其它的，可替代的，两种或几种之中可供选择的 --We returned by the alternative road. --It will take time to develop alternative energy sources. 开发其它能源需要时间 alternate adj. happening or following in turns 交替的, 轮流的