Book two Unit 8 Preview Should schools simply prepare students for a job? This is the focus of the following article According to the author, educational institutions face a difficult choice. Most young students only want to learn what is needed for career success. Educators, on the other hand, have lived long enough to realize that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Human beings have collected a great amount of knowledge in many different fields, and people can lead better lives if they understand these things. The author tells of a cartoon where a businessmen are having difficulty telling"right from wrong". He concludes that educators must prepare students for such difficulties, as well as preparing for a job Text structure analysis point of view argued might be one sentence, a few sentences, or even a whole paragrap"ting.The We will use this reading passage to talk about how to present an argument in w For example, in the student's book we are taking the whole of Paragraph 14 as expressing an argument. So here it is important for you to be able to recognize the main idea of one paragraph At this point we are only trying to look at the structure pattern among a few paragraphs. In fact, Paragraph 14 can be further analyzed to find that the writer comes up to his argument in progressive way Below, we have provided an analysis that you and your students might be interested in. The parts in brackets have been added to show our analysis. This can be considered as structure analysis on different layers Paragraph 14 While it's true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one, it is equally true that our civilization has collected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs (Though) While it's true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one (There are much more out of the scope of our career. ) it is equally true that our civilization has ollected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own (We would be able to better ourselves if we understand whatever that is beyond our own cope. )And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they or artistIc We would be better in our thinking if we learn the knowledge. )It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think The education of the diverse wisdom would, eventually, teach us to see beyond our immediate eeds. ) More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs Another important point to remember is that the argument might be followed by some supporting facts, supporting examples, or the writers reasons for supporting the argument
Book Two Unit 8 Section A Preview Should schools simply prepare students for a job? This is the focus of the following article. According to the author, educational institutions face a difficult choice. Most young students only want to learn what is needed for career success. Educators, on the other hand, have lived long enough to realize that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Human beings have collected a great amount of knowledge in many different fields, and people can lead better lives if they understand these things. The author tells of a cartoon where a businessmen are having difficulty telling “right from wrong”. He concludes that educators must prepare students for such difficulties, as well as preparing for a job. Text structure analysis We will use this reading passage to talk about how to present an argument in writing. The point of view argued might be one sentence, a few sentences, or even a whole paragraph. For example, in the student’s book we are taking the whole of Paragraph 14 as expressing an argument. So here it is important for you to be able to recognize the main idea of one paragraph. At this point we are only trying to look at the structure pattern among a few paragraphs. In fact, Paragraph 14 can be further analyzed to find that the writer comes up to his argument in a progressive way. Below, we have provided an analysis that you and your students might be interested in. The parts in brackets have been added to show our analysis. This can be considered as structure analysis on different layers. Paragraph 14 While it’s true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one, it is equally true that our civilization has collected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own. And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions — be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. (Though) While it’s true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one, (There are much more out of the scope of our career.) it is equally true that our civilization has collected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own. (We would be able to better ourselves if we understand whatever that is beyond our own scope. )And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions — be they scientific or artistic. (We would be better in our thinking if we learn the knowledge.) It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. ( The education of the diverse wisdom would, eventually, teach us to see beyond our immediate needs.) More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Another important point to remember is that the argument might be followed by some supporting facts, supporting examples, or the writer’s reasons for supporting the argument
Background Information discipline concerned with how people throughout history have expressed, confronted, and understood the complexities of the human conditions. It includes such areas of study as 2. Associate degree is awarded to a student after he or she finishes a 2-year study at a junior college in the U. s 3. Education in the United States is usually divided into 4 levels. In general, there are kindergarten or pre-school, elementary, secondary and higher education. The first level is early childhood education. Its purpose is to prepare children for school. The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into 6 or 8 grades. And students can attend all kinds of courses. The third level is secondary education. It is for junior or senior high school students Some students prepare themselves to go to college, while others take vocational or technical courses to prepare for jobs after graduation. There are many institutions of higher education in the U.s. Students at technical institutions can receive an associate degree after finish a 2-year program. Then they can continue their study at a 4-year colleg 4. Social Security is the U.S. government system of benefit payments, especially to retired and disabled people and survivors 5. Richard Wagner is a famous German composer and writer. As a composer, he is well-known for his 13 operas and numerous other compositions. Besides his activity in composition, he wrote an astonishing number of books and articles. The literary spectrum ranges from theories of opera to political programs. He was undoubtedly one of the leading figures of the 19th century.He 6. Oscar Wilde(1854-1900), the son of an eminent Dublin surgeon, was among the outstanding Victorian dramatists. He is renowned for a brilliant series of domestic comedies- Lady Windermere's Fan, A woman of No Importance, and An ldeal husband a.1. following accepted rules of behavior正式的;合乎礼仪的 The letter was in very formal language.这封信使用了非常正式的语言 2. In appearance, by name only形式上的,名义上的 The visitors took only a formal interest in the classroom activities 参观者只是表面上对课堂活动表示兴趣。 c.f. informal forr poll sb on sth:就某事对某人进行民意测验 resident adj.a resident physician: doctor living at a hospital where he is received advanced training住院医生 (idm) in residence: living is a specified place because of one' s work or duties(因工作或职责关 系)驻于某处:eg. Students must remain in residence during term sident居民,定居者, visitor相对; lodger:临时住宿者; inhabitant:居住者,居民 settler:殖民者,侨居新兴国家者
Background Information 1.Humanities: In the context of the reading passage, humanities refers to a broad academic discipline concerned with how people throughout history have expressed, confronted, and understood the complexities of the human conditions. It includes such areas of study as Philosophy, Literature, Religion, Art, etc. 2.Associate degree is awarded to a student after he or she finishes a 2-year study at a junior college in the U.S. 3.Education in the United States is usually divided into 4 levels. In general, there are kindergarten or pre-school, elementary, secondary and higher education. The first level is early childhood education. Its purpose is to prepare children for school. The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into 6 or 8 grades. And students can attend all kinds of courses. The third level is secondary education. It is for junior or senior high school students. Some students prepare themselves to go to college, while others take vocational or technical courses to prepare for jobs after graduation. There are many institutions of higher education in the U.S. Students at technical institutions can receive an associate d egree after finish a 2-year program. Then they can continue their study at a 4-year college. 4. Social Security is the U.S. government system of benefit payments, especially to retired and disabled people and survivors. 5.Richard Wagner is a famous German composer and writer. As a composer, he is well- known for his 13 operas and numerous other compositions. Besides his activity in composition, he wrote an astonishing number of books and articles. The literary spectrum ranges from theories of opera to political programs. He was undoubtedly one of the leading figures of the 19th century. He inspired not only musicians and composers but also leaders in many fields. 6. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), the son of an eminent Dublin surgeon, was among the outstanding Victorian dramatists. He is renowned for a brilliant series of domestic comedies- Lady Windermere’s Fan, A woman of No Importance, and An Ideal Husband. New Words formal a. 1. following accepted rules of behavior 正式的；合乎礼仪的 The letter was in very formal language. 这封信使用了非常正式的语言。 2. in appearance; by name only 形式上的，名义上的 The visitors took only a formal interest in the classroom activities. 参观者只是表面上对课堂活动表示兴趣。 c.f. informal ; former , normal poll : survey poll sb on sth: 就某事对某人进行民意测验 resident adj. a. resident physician: doctor living at a hospital where he is received advanced training 住院医生 (idm)in residence: living is a specified place because of one’s work or duties （因工作或职责关 系）驻于某处：e.g. Students must remain in residence during term. resident 居民，定居者, visitor 相对；lodger：临时住宿者；inhabitant：居住者，居民 settler: 殖民者，侨居新兴国家者
humanity n.1.(pl) subjects concerned with human culture人文学科(尤指文学、语言、历史和哲学) I am more interested in the humanities than the sciences 2. UI human beings as a whole; people人的总称,人类 Humanity is still in its youth 3.U]knd- heartedness仁慈,仁爱,善心 We must treat prisoners with humanity.我们必须人道地对待俘虏 ethnic a of a national or racial group that has a common cultural tradition (有共同文化传统的)民族的,种族的;部落的 ethnic art民族艺术 enro v. become or make(sb.) a member( of sth)(使)成为……的成员,注册 We enrolled him as member of the society.我们接纳他为协会会员 He has enrolled in that school specialize(E specialise vi(in) give particular attention to(a subject, product, etc. This shop specializes in chocolate.这家商店专门经销巧克力。 corporation the British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 agency n.1.[C] a government organization政府机构 the Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局 2.[ C]a business or place of business providing a service经销处,代理处 travel agency conline n.(pl) limits, borders界限,范围 his is beyond the confines of human knowledge.这超出了人类知识的范围。 t keep sb/ /sth. within certain limits把……限制于 I don, t like a job in which I'm confined to doing only one thing 我不喜欢仅限于做一件事情的工作。 occupatIon occupier:占有(有所有权); occupant:占有(有使用权) render vt.1.give给予,提出 Thanksgiving Day is a holiday to render thanks to God.感恩节是答谢上帝的节日。 2. cause sb / sth. to be in a particular state使得,使成为 We were rendered helpless by the accident.我们被这意外事故弄得束手无策。 preferable a. preferre, more suitable更可取的,更合意的,更好的 - He finds country life preferable to living in the city..他觉得住在乡下比城里好 It is preferable that he(should) come here preference n. Incr a. impossible or very difficult to believe难以置信的 What an incredible statement- not a word of it is truel 多么令人难以置信的言论-没有一句话是靠得住的!
humanity n. 1. (pl.) subjects concerned with human culture 人文学科（尤指文学、语言、历史和哲学） --I am more interested in the humanities than the sciences. 2. [U] human beings as a whole; people 人的总称，人类 --Humanity is still in its youth. 3. [U] kind-heartedness 仁慈，仁爱，善心 --We must treat prisoners with humanity. 我们必须人道地对待俘虏。 ethnic a. of a national or racial group that has a common cultural tradition （有共同文化传统的）民族的，种族的；部落的 ethnic art 民族艺术 enroll v. become or make (sb.) a member (of sth.) （使）成为……的成员，注册 --We enrolled him as member of the society. 我们接纳他为协会会员。 --He has enrolled in that school. specialize (英 specialise) vi. (in) give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc.) --This shop specializes in chocolate. 这家商店专门经销巧克力。 corporation -the British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 agency n. 1. [C] a government organization 政府机构 -the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局 2. [C] a business or place of business providing a service 经销处，代理处 -travel agency confine n. (pl.) limits, borders 界限，范围 --This is beyond the confines of human knowledge. 这超出了人类知识的范围。 vt. keep sb./sth. within certain limits 把……限制于 --I don't like a job in which I'm confined to doing only one thing. 我不喜欢仅限于做一件事情的工作。 occupation occupier：占有（有所有权）；occupant: 占有（有使用权） render vt. 1. give 给予，提出 --Thanksgiving Day is a holiday to render thanks to God. 感恩节是答谢上帝的节日。 2. cause sb./sth. to be in a particular state 使得，使成为 --We were rendered helpless by the accident. 我们被这意外事故弄得束手无策。 preferable a. preferred; more suitable 更可取的，更合意的，更好的 --He finds country life preferable to living in the city. 他觉得住在乡下比城里好。 --It is preferable that he (should) come here . preference n. incredible a. impossible or very difficult to believe 难以置信的 --What an incredible statement - not a word of it is true! 多么令人难以置信的言论 -- 没有一句话是靠得住的！
credulous: adj. not willing or able to believe; showing disbelief不肯轻信的;不能相信的; 表示怀疑的 - an incredulous look, stare,gaze,etc.怀疑的神情、注视、逼视等 contribution n. [C, U] action of giving(money, support, help or ideas) towards a particular aim or purpose, sth given towards a particular aim or purpose捐助(物),贡献(物),奉献 He made a contribution to/ towards the cause lu] action of writing articles for a publication The editor is short of contributions for the May issue ad. once a week or every week一周一次地,每周地 The machine must be checked weekly.这台机器必须每周检查一次。 a happening once a week or every week一周一次的,每周的 a weekly report每周一次的报告 n.C] a newspaper or magazine which is published once every week周报,周刊 n. 1.[C] a club formed by uniting people or groups; an organization of employees 协会,俱乐部;工会 Labor Union(美)工会; Trade Union(英)工会; the teachers' union教师工会 the Students' Unon.学生会 onference meeting普通用词,指一般性会议; conference指正式讨论或研究某问题的会议 press conference:; congress常指正式的代表大会、国会等,讨论并决定重大问题的会议,也可 指专门研究某一问题的会议 distinguish t. 1. recognize the difference between( people or things) 辨别,识别 The twins look so much like each other that no one can distinguish one from the other 这对双胞胎长得非常像,无人能分辨出谁是谁。 2.( oneself) behave or perform noticeably well表现突出 She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.她以沉着勇敢著称 distinguished guests a.( of music) serious and traditional in style古典的 - Do you prefer classical music or popular music?你喜欢古典音乐还是流行音乐? 指古希腊、罗马的文学、艺术,意为“古典(文学或艺术的)”。在文学艺术上分别与浪漫 主义和流行音乐相对; classic第一流的,上等的 if only I)used to express a wish that past events had been different If only I had gone by taxi..要是我乘出租车去就好了 If only he' d remembered to bring her here.要是他没忘记把她带来就好了 2)used to express a wish or a desire, esp. one that cannot be fulfilled
incredulous: adj. not willing or able to believe; showing disbelief 不肯轻信的； 不能相信的； 表示怀疑的 --an incredulous look, stare, gaze, etc.怀疑的神情、 注视、逼视等 contribution n. [C,U] action of giving (money, support, help or ideas) towards a particular aim or purpose; sth. given towards a particular aim or purpose 捐助(物)，贡献(物)，奉献 --He made a contribution to/ towards the cause. [u] action of writing articles for a publication --The editor is short of contributions for the May issue. weekly ad. once a week or every week 一周一次地，每周地 --The machine must be checked weekly. 这台机器必须每周检查一次。 a. happening once a week or every week 一周一次的，每周的 a weekly report 每周一次的报告 n. [C] a newspaper or magazine which is published once every week 周报，周刊 union n. 1.[C] a club formed by uniting people or groups; an organization of employees 协会,俱乐部；工会 Labor Union (美) 工会 ;Trade Union (英) 工会;the teachers' union 教师工会;the Students' Union. 学生会 conference meeting 普通用词，指一般性会议； conference 指正式讨论或研究某问题的会议 press conference； congress 常指正式的代表大会、国会等， 讨论并决定重大问题的会议，也可 指专门研究某一问题的会议。 distinguish vt. 1. recognize the difference between (people or things) 辨别，识别 The twins look so much like each other that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎长得非常像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。 2. (oneself) behave or perform noticeably well 表现突出 --She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. 她以沉着勇敢著称。 distinguished guests classical a. (of music) serious and traditional in style 古典的 --Do you prefer classical music or popular music?你喜欢古典音乐还是流行音乐？ 指古希腊、罗马的文学、艺术， 意为“古典（文学或艺术的）”。在文学艺术上分别与浪漫 主义和流行音乐相对； classic 第一流的， 上等的 if only 1) used to express a wish that past events had been different --If only I had gone by taxi. 要是我乘出租车去就好了。 --If only he’d remembered to bring her here. 要是他没忘记把她带来就好了。 2) used to express a wish or a desire, esp. one that cannot be fulfilled
- If only I could be there and talk with the pop singer!要是我能在那儿和那位流行歌手交谈就 好了! - If only she would marry me!她要是愿意嫁给我就好了! ording to as stated by(sb )or in(sth fRQ--You've been in prison six times according to our records R--According to Sarah theyre not getting on very well at the moment 据萨拉讲,他们目前的进展不是很好。 be well off be in a good position,esp. financially经济充裕,富裕 You don t need to look for another job--you're well off where you are 你没有必要再去找工作你现在的经济情况就相当不错了 at a low at a low level or figure处于低水平(或数字) The pound has been at a new low.英镑的价位已降到新的最低点。 Things have been at a bit of a low.最近的情况一直不太好 be fond of have a great liking for sb( doing)sth.很喜欢,很喜爱 Johns fond of pointing out other people's mistake be proud of take pride in为…感到自豪 hey were proud of their success他们对自己的成功感到自豪。 arrive at reach(sh. such as a place or conclusion)达成,得出 /e argued about it for hours before we arrived at a decision 我们为这事争论了好几个小时才作出一项决定。 be meant to do be supposed to do应做 You are meant to pay before you come in.你得交费后方能进入 find out about(sb/sth,) by reading借助阅读发现(或查明) It was sad to read of the death of the famous actress in this mornings newspaper be engaged in/ start a strike举行罢工 The ship- builders went on strike for higher pay.造船工人因要求增加工资而举行了罢工 in the long run after a long period; in the end n the long run the prices are bound to rise.价格终究是要上涨的。 Detailed study of the text l.It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young.(Para. 1) Meaning: It has often been said that the saddest thing about youth is that youth, i.e. the opportunities, good health, etc. that are available when people are young, are wasted or not appreciated by young people 2. if it(whatever it may be) wont compute and you cant drink it, smoke it or spend it, then“it” holds little value.(Para.3) Meaning: If something(no matter what it may be) cannot be counted in terms of money and you cannot drink it, smoke it or spend it then it is of little value. In short, only material things are of alue to young people. Here the verb "compute"is used in notional passive, that is, it is active in form but passive in More example The book translates well
--If only I could be there and talk with the pop singer! 要是我能在那儿和那位流行歌手交谈就 好了！ --If only she would marry me! 她要是愿意嫁给我就好了！ according to as stated by (sb.) or in (sth.) 根 --You've been in prison six times according to our records. 根 --According to Sarah they're not getting on very well at the moment. 据萨拉讲，他们目前的进展不是很好。 be well off be in a good position, esp. financially 经济充裕，富裕 --You don't need to look for another job -- you're well off where you are. 你没有必要再去找工作 -- 你现在的经济情况就相当不错了。 at a low at a low level or figure 处于低水平（或数字） --The pound has been at a new low. 英镑的价位已降到新的最低点。 --Things have been at a bit of a low. 最近的情况一直不太好。 be fond of have a great liking for sb./(doing) sth. 很喜欢，很喜爱 --John's fond of pointing out other people's mistakes. be proud of take pride in 为……感到自豪 --They were proud of their success. 他们对自己的成功感到自豪。 arrive at reach (sth. such as a place or conclusion) 达成，得出 --We argued about it for hours before we arrived at a decision. 我们为这事争论了好几个小时才作出一项决定。 be meant to do be supposed to do 应做 --You are meant to pay before you come in. 你得交费后方能进入。 read of find out about (sb./sth.) by reading 借助阅读发现(或查明) --It was sad to read of the death of the famous actress in this morning's newspaper. go on strike be engaged in / start a strike 举行罢工 --The ship-builders went on strike for higher pay. 造船工人因要求增加工资而举行了罢工。 in the long run after a long period; in the end --In the long run the prices are bound to rise. 价格终究是要上涨的。 Detailed study of the text 1.It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wast ed on the young. (Para. 1) Meaning: It has often been said that the saddest thing about youth is that youth, i.e. the opportunities, good health, etc. that are available when people are young, are wasted or not appreciated by young people. 2.… if it (whatever it may be) won’t compute and you can’t drink it, smoke it or spend it, then “it” holds little value. (Para. 3) Meaning: If something (no matter what it may be) cannot be counted in terms of money and you cannot drink it, smoke it or spend it, then it is of little value. In short, only material things are of value to young people. if it ... won’t compute: if it ... can’t be counted in terms of money Here the verb “compute” is used in notional passive, that is, it is active in form but passive in meaning. More examples of notional passive: --The book translates well
This material washes easily料容易洗涤。 The clock winds at the back 3. consumeristic: a. believing in spending money and buying goods idealistic: a. trying to live according to high principles and perfect standards 4. But why cant we have it both ways? Cant we educate people for life as well as for a career? Meaning: But why can't people achieve satisfaction both in life and in work? Isnt it possible for us to educate people not only for a good job but also for a full life? 5.This is where age and maturity enter.(Para. 11) Meaning: Age and maturity help people realize what is truly important in life 6. Most of us finally have the insight that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet.(Para. 12) Meaning: Most of us finally understand that our quality of life is not totally decided by our balance sheet: a statement of how much money has come in and how much money has gone out 7. dawn(on/upon ) vi. grow clear in one's mind The truth began to dawn upon the poor man.这个可怜的人慢慢明白了真相。 - It had just dawned on him that he had been fooled by the woman.他才意识到自己被这个女人 愚弄了 resent: vt. feel anger and dislike about(sth that hurts, offends or annoys one He resented his father for being so strict with him.他怨恨父亲对自己如此严格。 Notice that"resent can be followed directly by an -ing verb or possessive pronoun +-ing verb Do you resent my leaving here without you?你会因为我不带你离开这儿而不满吗? The young man resents being dependent on his parents 8.And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions - be they scientific or artistic.(Para. 14) Notice that the present subjunctive be is sometimes used in formal writing to admit sth. such as a condition or sth needed to end an argument. Examples If any person be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my strong support不管她是对是错,我都全力 支持她。 The second of the above examples can be also rewritten as Be she right or wrong, she will have my strong support 9. Weekly we read of unions that went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.(Para. 15) Meaning: Every week we read about labour unions that started strikes to demand higher pay for labourers, but the unexpected result was that the employer had to close his business argument(for/against): n a statement used to convince people that sth is correct The managers will declare their arguments against the plan next week ■经理们将在下周宣布他们反对这项计划的理由
-- This material washes easily.料容易洗涤。 --The clock winds at the back. 3.consumeristic: a. believing in spending money and buying goods idealistic: a. trying to live according to high principles and perfect standards 4.But why can’t we have it both ways? Can’t we educate people for life as well as for a career? (Para. 9) Meaning: But why can’t people achieve satisfaction both in life and in work? Isn’t it possible for us to educate people not only for a good job but also for a full life? 5.This is where age and maturity enter. (Para. 11) Meaning: Age and maturity help people realize what is truly important in life. 6.Most of us finally have the insight that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. (Para. 12) Meaning: Most of us finally understand that our quality of life is not totally decided by our financial situation. balance sheet: a statement of how much money has come in and how much money has gone out 7.dawn (on / upon): vi. grow clear in one’s mind --The truth began to dawn upon the poor man. 这个可怜的人慢慢明白了真相。 --It had just dawned on him that he had been fooled by the woman. 他才意识到自己被这个女人 愚弄了。 resent: vt. feel anger and dislike about (sth. that hurts, offends or annoys one) --He resented his father for being so strict with him. 他怨恨父亲对自己如此严格。 Notice that “resent” can be followed directly by an -ing verb or possessive pronoun +-ing verb. Examples: --Do you resent my leaving here without you? 你会因为我不带你离开这儿而不满吗？ --The young man resents being dependent on his parents. 8.And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions -- be they scientific or artistic. (Para. 14) Notice that the present subjunctive be is sometimes used in formal writing to admit sth., such as a condition or sth. needed to end an argument. Examples: --If any person be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal. --Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my strong support. 不管她是对是错, 我都全力 支持她。 The second of the above examples can be also rewritten as: --Be she right or wrong, she will have my strong support. 9.Weekly we read of unions that went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. (Para. 15) Meaning: Every week we read about labour unions that started strikes to demand higher pay for labourers, but the unexpected result was that the employer had to close his business. argument (for / against): n. a statement used to convince people that sth. is correct --Can you tell us your argument for making the price lower? --The managers will declare their arguments against the plan next week. ◼ 经理们将在下周宣布他们反对这项计划的理由
10. Oscar Wilde had it right when he said we ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives. ( Para. 18) Meaning: Oscar Wilde was right to say that people should develop their career/work through the use of their abilities, but also should give the fullness of their mental skills and artistic abilities to make their lives more complete ll Lets hope our educators answer students'cries for career education, ...(Para. 19) Meaning: Let's hope our educators can meet the demand of students and prepare them for future careers Section B Reading skills Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions As we learned in Unit 3, most reading passages contain ideas based on fact and opinion. It is very important to know when we are reading facts and when we are reading an author's opinion. The bility to distinguish between facts and opinions can help us to achieve a deeper level of understanding Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation. For example A friend of mine(a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of college instructors during her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-year associate degree. (Para. 7, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) Opinions are statements of belief, judgement or feeling. They show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Solid opinions, of course, are based on facts. However, opinions are still somebody' s view of something and are not facts themselves. Look at the following example Most of us finally have the insight that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet.(Para. 12, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) But it is not always easy to tell opinion from fact. A writer often combines the two in such a way that we do not always notice where fact ends and opinion begins. When we have a mixture of fact and opinion in a single statement, we must decide whether the main point of the sentence is essentially fact or opinion. Sometimes an opinion is presented as if it were a fact According to the survey based on responses from over 188,000 students, today's college beginners are"more consumeristic and less idealistic"than at any time in the seventeen years of the poll. (Para. 4, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The particular reading skill introduced for this unit is distinguishing between facts and opinions The ability to distinguish between facts and opinions is important because it can help us to achieve a deeper level of understanding in our reading Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A Interest in teaching, social service and the humanities is at a low, along with ethnic and womens studies On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer
10.Oscar Wilde had it right when he said we ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives. (Para. 18) Meaning: Oscar Wilde was right to say that people should develop their career/work through the use of their abilities, but also should give the fullness of their mental skills and artistic abilities to make their lives more complete. 11.Let’s hope our educators answer students’ cries for career education,… (Para. 19) Meaning: Let’s hope our educators can meet the demand of students and prepare them for future careers,… Section B Reading skills Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions As we learned in Unit 3, most reading passages contain ideas based on fact and opinion. It is very important to know when we are reading facts and when we are reading an author’s opinion. The ability to distinguish between facts and opinions can help us to achieve a deeper level of understanding in our reading. Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation. For example: A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of college instructors during her first year on the job — even before she completed her two-year associate degree. (Para. 7, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) Opinions are statements of belief, judgement or feeling. They show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Solid opinions, of course, are based on facts. However, opinions are still somebody’s view of something and are not facts themselves. Look at the following example: Most of us finally have the insight that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. (Para. 12, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) But it is not always easy to tell opinion from fact. A writer often combines the two in such a way that we do not always notice where fact ends and opinion begins. When we have a mixture of fact and opinion in a single statement, we must decide whether the main point of the sentence is essentially fact or opinion. Sometimes an opinion is presented as if it were a fact: According to the survey based on responses from over 188,000 students, today’s college beginners are "more consumeristic and less idealistic" than at any time in the seventeen years of the poll. (Para. 4, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The particular reading skill introduced for this unit is distinguishing between facts and opinions. The ability to distinguish between facts and opinions is important because it can help us to achieve a deeper level of understanding in our reading. Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation. Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A: Interest in teaching, social service and the humanities is at a low, along with ethnic and women’s studies. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer
science is way up. (Para. 6, Reading Passage A, Unit 8 This sentence tells us about a current state of affairs certainly it is a statement of fact Opinions are statements of belief, judgment or feeling. They show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Some words can serve as clues to statements of some kind of opinion. For example, probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, and on occasion are used to limit a statement of fact and to indicate the possibility of other opinions. Other words, such as I believe, I think, in my opinion, I feel, and I suggest, say clearly that an opinion will follow. Look at the following examples 1. It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young Para. 1, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) 2. More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.(Para. 14, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) 3. In the long run thats what education really ought to be about. I think it can be.(Para. 17, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) 4. Thats the way it should be. Oscar Wilde had it right when he said we ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives. (Para. 18, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) But it is not always easy to tell opinion from fact. a writer often combines the two in such a way that we do not always notice where fact ends and opinion begins. When we have a mixture of fact and opinion in a single statement, we must decide whether the main point of the sentence is essentially fact or opinion. Sometimes an opinion is presented as if it were a fact If it is a fact that the meaning of life does not dawn until middle age, is it then not the duty of ducational institutions to prepare the way for the revelation?( Para 13, Reading Passage A, Unit 1. The Harris Poll -Louis Harris is a pollster and public opinion analyst, and has been director of the Time magazine- Harris poll since 1969. In 1956 he established his own firm in New York City. Harris'services were especially associated with election campaigns- initially and most notably with John F. Kennedy's campaign and later with the campaigns of hundreds of other candidates, including presidents, governors, U.S. senators and representatives, mayors, and other officials, both Democrats and Republicans. Harris firm helped candidates to determine what strategies, issues and aspects of personality might be most effective with voters. Harris also did much of his work outside politics 2.ScholasticCorporationhttp://www.scholastic.comisaglobalchildrenspublishingandmedia company. Scholastic creates quality educational and entertaining materials and products for use in school and at home, including children's books, textbooks, magazines, technology-based products, teacher materials, television programming, videos and toys 3. Nuclear family -also called elementary family. In sociology and anthropology, it refers to a group of persons united by ties of marriage, parenthood or adoption and consisting of a man,a woman,and their socially recognized children. In most developed industrial countries, it is the most basic and common form of social organization 4. Alfred North Whitehead(1861-1947), British mathematician, logician and philosopher, best nown for his work in mathematical logic and who. in collaboration with Bertrand Russel authored the landmark three-volume Principia Mathematica(1910, 1912, 1913) New words
science is way up. (Para. 6, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) This sentence tells us about a current state of affairs: certainly it is a statement of fact. Opinions are statements of belief, judgment or feeling. They show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Some words can serve as clues to statements of some kind of opinion. For example, probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, and on occasion are used to limit a statement of fact and to indicate the possibility of other opinions. Other words, such as I believe, I think, in my opinion, I feel, and I suggest, say clearly that an opinion will follow. Look at the following examples: 1. It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young. (Para. 1, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) 2. More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. (Para. 14, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) 3. In the long run that’s what education really ought to be about. I think it can be. (Para. 17, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) 4. That’s the way it should be. Oscar Wilde had it right when he said we ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives. (Para. 18, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) But it is not always easy to tell opinion from fact. A writer often combines the two in such a way that we do not always notice where fact ends and opinion begins. When we have a mixture of fact and opinion in a single statement, we must decide whether the main point of the sentence is essentially fact or opinion. Sometimes an opinion is presented as if it were a fact: If it is a fact that the meaning of life does not dawn until middle age, is it then not the duty of educational institutions to prepare the way for the revelation? (Para. 13, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) 1. The Harris Poll - Louis Harris is a pollster and public opinion analyst, and has been director of the Time Magazine-Harris Poll since 1969. In 1956 he established his own firm in New York City. Harris’ services were especially associated with election campaigns - initially and most notably with John F. Kennedy’s campaign and later with the campaigns of hundreds of other candidates, including presidents, governors, U.S. senators and representatives, mayors, and other officials, both Democrats and Republicans. Harris’ firm helped candidates to determine what strategies, issues and aspects of personality might be most effective with voters. Harris also did much of his work outside politics. 2. Scholastic Corporation http://www.scholastic.com is a global children’s publishing and media company. Scholastic creates quality educational and entertaining materials and products for use in school and at home, including children’s books, textbooks, magazines, technology-based products, teacher materials, television programming, videos and toys. 3. Nuclear family - also called elementary family. In sociology and anthropology, it refers to a group of persons united by ties of marriage, parenthood or adoption and consisting of a man, a woman, and their socially recognized children. In most developed industrial countries, it is the most basic and common form of social organization. 4. Alfred North Whitehead (1861 - 1947), British mathematician, logician and philosopher, best known for his work in mathematical logic and who, in collaboration with Bertrand Russel, authored the landmark three-volume Principia Mathematica (1910, 1912, 1913). New Words
n. [U] action of expanding, state of being expanded扩大,扩张,膨胀 Free expansion of a gas causes it to cool.气体的自由膨胀会使其温度降低。 Expansion into new areas of research might be possible prospect 前景,前程,前途 The prospects for this year's wine harvest are poor.今年葡萄酒产量的前景并不乐观。 --If she can bring in a few more good customers like that her prospects with this company look celent 要是她能再多带几个那样的好客户来,她在这个公司的前途会十分看好。 前景,可能性 There' s not much prospect that this war will be over soon.这场战争不大可能很快结束。 n.C sb. who keeps or examines the records of money received, paid, etc by a company 会计师,会计 Elaine's just got a job with a firm of accountants 伊莱恩刚刚在一家会计事务所找到了一份工作 Irving is the accountant for robson rhodes 欧文是罗布森·罗德公司的会计 CIVI a. 1. of or relating to ordinary people rather than the armed forces or the Church 平民的(与军队、教会无关的);文职的 civil servant 文职人员,公务员 civil government 文职政府 2. within the countr 国内的 The country looks as though there is going to be a civil war. 这个国家看来好像将要爆发内战。 Thousands of people have been driven from their homes by civil wai 成千上万的人因内战而被迫离开家园
expansion n. [U] action of expanding; state of being expanded 扩大，扩张，膨胀 --Free expansion of a gas causes it to cool. 气体的自由膨胀会使其温度降低。 --Expansion into new areas of research might be possible. prospect n. 1. (pl.) chance of success 前景，前程，前途 --The prospects for this year's wine harvest are poor. 今年葡萄酒产量的前景并不乐观。 --If she can bring in a few more good customers like that, her prospects with this company look excellent. 要是她能再多带几个那样的好客户来，她在这个公司的前途会十分看好。 2. [C, U] possibility or strong chance of sth. happening 前景，可能性 --There's not much prospect that this war will be over soon. 这场战争不大可能很快结束。 accountant n. [C] sb. who keeps or examines the records of money received, paid, etc. by a company or person 会计师，会计 Elaine's just got a job with a firm of accountants. 伊莱恩刚刚在一家会计事务所找到了一份工作。 Irving is the accountant for Robson Rhodes. 欧文是罗布森·罗德公司的会计。 civil a. 1. of or relating to ordinary people rather than the armed forces or the Church 平民的（与军队、教会无关的）；文职的 civil servant 文职人员，公务员 civil government 文职政府 2. within the country 国内的 The country looks as though there is going to be a civil war. 这个国家看来好像将要爆发内战。 Thousands of people have been driven from their homes by civil war. 成千上万的人因内战而被迫离开家园
fireman n.[C]消防队员 The driver of the lorry had been saved by the firemen 消防队员救出了卡车司机 Dozens of firemen ran to the spot after the explosion 爆炸发生后,数十名消防队员冲向出事地点 n. [U] state of being equal 平等,同等,均等 Women are still making a great effort to achieve true equality with men 妇女们仍在致力于实现真正的男女平等 I believe in equality between the sexes 我信奉性别之间的平等。 comparison 1. U the act of comparing 比较,对照 In comparison with Shanghai, this city is small. 与上海相比,这座城市较小。 He's a good writer but he doesn' t bear comparison with Shakespeare 他是一个优秀的作家,但无法与莎士比亚相比。 2. [ C] a statement of the points of similarity and difference between two things 经比较得出的结论 She drew a comparison between life in the army and life at school 她把军队生活和学校生活作了个比较。 preference n. 1. [U(sing. ) liking for sth. (more than sth else) 较喜欢,宁愿,偏爱 She has a preference for the color blue 她比较喜欢蓝色 Her preference is for comfortable rather than smart clothes 她在衣着方面讲求的是舒适,而不是时髦
fireman n. [C] 消防队员 The driver of the lorry had been saved by the firemen. 消防队员救出了卡车司机。 Dozens of firemen ran to the spot after the explosion. 爆炸发生后，数十名消防队员冲向出事地点。 equality n. [U] state of being equal 平等，同等，均等 Women are still making a great effort to achieve true equality with men. 妇女们仍在致力于实现真正的男女平等。 I believe in equality between the sexes. 我信奉性别之间的平等。 comparison n. 1. [U] the act of comparing 比较, 对照 In comparison with Shanghai, this city is small. 与上海相比，这座城市较小。 He's a good writer but he doesn't bear comparison with Shakespeare. 他是一个优秀的作家，但无法与莎士比亚相比。 2. [C] a statement of the points of similarity and difference between two things 经比较得出的结论 She drew a comparison between life in the army and life at school. 她把军队生活和学校生活作了个比较。 preference n. 1. [U] (sing.) liking for sth. (more than sth. else) 较喜欢，宁愿，偏爱 She has a preference for the color blue. 她比较喜欢蓝色。 Her preference is for comfortable rather than smart clothes. 她在衣着方面讲求的是舒适，而不是时髦
