Book two Unit Ten Section a Preview During World War Il, life in England was filled with hardships and sorrow because Hitler's Nazi air force was booming London repeatedly. The people of the country had to pull together and help one another in countless ways so that normal daily life could continue as much as possible England's Royal Air Force was heroic in the way the few pilots continued to meet and fight against the tremendous number of Nazi airplanes. The citizens on the ground worked bravely and with determination to rescue the wounded, put out the fires, and dig out the buried. Men, women and children felt the effects but stood firm, willing to resist until the last Englishman died if Introductory questions 1. When did the Second World War take place? How long did it last? 2. Who were the two principal parties in the war? 3. what does nazi stand for? Background Information 1. World War ll, also called the Second World War, was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-1945. The principal parties were the Axis powers(a L E) Germany, Italy, and Japan-and the Allies( a HiE)-France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The war was in many respects a continuation of the conflicts left unsettled by World War I. The 40-50 million deaths in World War Il make it the bloodiest conflict as well as the largest war in history. 2.ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem(cbs)http://www.cbs.commademediahistorybeginningin the late 1920s. William Paley put money into the Columbia Broadcasting System, which was then a small, struggling radio network, in 1928. In 1974 it adopted the name CBS, Inc. In 1995 CBS Inc. was bought by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which changed the name in 1997 to the CBS Corporation. The main offices are in New York City Home Guard is usually a military organization of citizens with limited military training for emergency service, usually for local defense. During World War Il the Home Guard was established in the U.K 4. Marshal Goering was born in Bavaria. Trained for an army career, Goering received his assignment in 1912 and served with distinction during World War I. Later, Goering met Adolf Hitler and joined the small National Socialist German Workers'(Nazi) Party in 1922. Since then, Goering worked tirelessly as Hitler's most loyal supporter. He was Reich official for air fighters and head of the newly developed Luftwaffe( German air force). He had, at one time, been responsible for the gestapo and the concentration camps Goering was the most popular of the Nazi leaders, not only with the german people but also with the representatives and agents of foreign powers. But he was shamed when the luftwaffe failed to win the battle of Britain or prevent the allied bombing of Germany. After Hitler's suicide he surrendered himself to the americans he was sentenced to be hanged. but instead he drank ome poison and died in his prison room at Nurnberg the night he was given his death sentence 5. Royal Air Force(RAF) is the youngest of the three British armed services, charged with the air defense of the united Kingdom and fulfillment of international defense commitments. At the
1 Book Two Unit Ten Section A Preview During World War II, life in England was filled with hardships and sorrow because Hitler’s Nazi air force was booming London repeatedly. The people of the country had to pull together and help one another in countless ways so that normal daily life could continue as much as possible. England’s Royal Air Force was heroic in the way the few pilots continued to meet and fight against the tremendous number of Nazi airplanes. The citizens on the ground worked bravely and with determination to rescue the wounded, put out the fires, and dig out the buried. Men, women and children felt the effects but stood firm, willing to resist until the last Englishman died if necessary. Introductory questions 1. When did the Second World War take place? How long did it last? 2. Who were the two principal parties in the war? 3. What does Nazi stand for? Background Information 1. World War II, also called the Second World War, was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-1945. The principal parties were the Axis powers(轴心国) - Germany, Italy, and Japan - and the Allies(同盟国) - France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The war was in many respects a continuation of the conflicts left unsettled by World War I. The 40-50 million deaths in World War II make it the bloodiest conflict as well as the largest war in history. 2. Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) http://www.cbs.com made media history beginning in the late 1920s. William Paley put money into the Columbia Broadcasting System, which was then a small, struggling radio network, in 1928. In 1974 it adopted the name CBS, Inc. In 1995 CBS, Inc. was bought by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which changed the name in 1997 to the CBS Corporation. The main offices are in New York City. 3. Home Guard is usually a military organization of citizens with limited military training for emergency service, usually for local defense. During World War II the Home Guard was established in the U.K. 4. Marshal Goering was born in Bavaria. Trained for an army career, Goering received his assignment in 1912 and served with distinction during World War I. Later, Goering met Adolf Hitler and joined the small National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party in 1922. Since then, Goering worked tirelessly as Hitler’s most loyal supporter. He was Reich official for air fighters and head of the newly developed Luftwaffe (German air force). He had, at one time, been responsible for the Gestapo and the concentration camps. Goering was the most popular of the Nazi leaders, not only with the German people but also with the representatives and agents of foreign powers. But he was shamed when the Luftwaffe failed to win the battle of Britain or prevent the Allied bombing of Germany. After Hitler’s suicide, he surrendered himself to the Americans. He was sentenced to be hanged, but instead he drank some poison and died in his prison room at Nurnberg the night he was given his death sentence. 5. Royal Air Force (RAF) is the youngest of the three British armed services, charged with the air defense of the United Kingdom and fulfillment of international defense commitments. At the
beginning of World War II in September 1939, the first-line strength of the RAF in the United Kingdom was about 2,000 airplanes. The RAF fighter pilots, however, distinguished themselves during the Battle of Britain in the early stages of the war against the many more German Luftwaffe 6. The Allied Nations- The main countries involved in World War II were the Axis powers Germany, Italy, and Japan-and the Allies( the Allied Nations)-France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The war ended with the victory being won by the allied nations in 1945 Text structure analysis Congratulations! You have come to the end of New Horizon College English, Book 2. Here is just a short list of what we have done for the subject of Text Structure Analysis, Book 2. Book 2 still focuses on paragraph structure and paragraph writing as we did for Book 1. Here is a list of what we have covered in this book. New Horizon College English, Book 2 Unit 1: A Paragraph of a General Statement Supported by Specific Details and Reasons Unit 2: A Paragraph of a Problem-Solution Pattern Unit 3: A Paragraph of Denial of Some Opinions Followed by Some Other Opinions Unit 4: A Paragraph of a General Statement Supported by Reasons Unit 5: A Paragraph of Cause and Effect Unit 6: A Paragraph of Comparison nit 7: A Paragraph of Cause and Ef Unit 8: A Paragraph of Facts and Reasons Unit 9: Paragraphs of Contrast Unit 10: Paragraphs of a General Statement Supported by Specific Details If you are going to make a comparison between what we covered in Book I and Book 2, you would find that there are a lot of similarities between the paragraph structures. In fact, we have covered most of the important paragraph structures for reading analysis and structured writing Pay careful attention to the development of your paragraphs and you should then be able to compose well-structured short essays The only difference between what we covered in Book I and Book 2 seems to be that in Bo I we have more paragraphs of time sequence or sequenced actions, whereas, in Book 2 we have a few more paragraphs of comparison and contrast New Words survival 1.四U] state of continuing to live or exist, surviving幸存,残存 the survival of the fittest适者生存 2. [C] a person, thing, custom, belief, etc that has survived from an earlier time 残存的人(物、风俗、信仰) That fashion is a survival from the 1930s.那种时装是20世纪30年代的遗风 n.C,U] burning gas( from sth. on fire) which usually produces a yellow light火焰,火舌 --It's been dry for so long that the forest could burst into flames at any moment 干旱了这么长的时间,森林任何时候都可能起火
2 beginning of World War II in September 1939, the first-line strength of the RAF in the United Kingdom was about 2,000 airplanes. The RAF fighter pilots, however, distinguished themselves during the Battle of Britain in the early stages of the war against the many more German Luftwaffe. 6. The Allied Nations — The main countries involved in World War II were the Axis powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan - and the Allies (the Allied Nations) - France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The war ended with the victory being won by the allied nations in 1945. Text structure analysis Congratulations! You have come to the end of New Horizon College English, Book 2. Here is just a short list of what we have done for the subject of Text Structure Analysis, Book 2. Book 2 still focuses on paragraph structure and paragraph writing as we did for Book 1. Here is a list of what we have covered in this book: New Horizon College English, Book 2 Unit 1: A Paragraph of a General Statement Supported by Specific Details and Reasons Unit 2: A Paragraph of a Problem-Solution Pattern Unit 3: A Paragraph of Denial of Some Opinions Followed by Some Other Opinions Unit 4: A Paragraph of a General Statement Supported by Reasons Unit 5: A Paragraph of Cause and Effect Unit 6: A Paragraph of Comparison Unit 7: A Paragraph of Cause and Effect Unit 8: A Paragraph of Facts and Reasons Unit 9: Paragraphs of Contrast Unit 10: Paragraphs of a General Statement Supported by Specific Details If you are going to make a comparison between what we covered in Book 1 and Book 2, you would find that there are a lot of similarities between the paragraph structures. In fact, we have covered most of the important paragraph structures for reading analysis and structured writing. Pay careful attention to the development of your paragraphs and you should then be able to compose well-structured short essays. The only difference between what we covered in Book 1 and Book 2 seems to be that in Book 1 we have more paragraphs of time sequence or sequenced actions, whereas, in Book 2 we have a few more paragraphs of comparison and contrast. New Words survival n. 1. [U] state of continuing to live or exist; surviving 幸存，残存 --the survival of the fittest 适者生存 2. [C] a person, thing, custom, belief, etc. that has survived from an earlier time 残存的人（物、风俗、信仰） --That fashion is a survival from the 1930s.那种时装是 20 世纪 30 年代的遗风。 flame n. [C, U] burning gas (from sth. on fire) which usually produces a yellow light 火焰，火舌 --It's been dry for so long that the forest could burst into flames at any moment. 干旱了这么长的时间，森林任何时候都可能起火
ancient: a 1)of or from a long time ago; having lasted for a very long time 古代史 ancient customs旧风俗; ancient ruins古代废墟 and greece古罗马和古希腊 2)very old my ancient car我的老爷车 My grandparents are rather ancient.我的祖父母都是老寿星 endure v bear(pain, suffering,etc.) calmly for a long time经受,忍受,容忍 - He endured three years in prison for his religious beliefs.他因宗教信仰遭受了三年监禁 Ican' t endure to see/ seeing children suffer看着儿童受苦,我可受不了 endure:指长时间忍受困难或不幸,桥掉持久力和意志坚定 bear:强调忍受者对疼痛、忧虑、责任的承受力。 stand:强调不屈不挠或经受得起。 n.1.[C] a sudden surprise attack by armed forces突袭,袭击 We made a raid on the enemy.我们对敌人发起了突袭 2. [C] a sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm (为偷袭或伤害别人而进行的)突袭,抢劫 A security guard was killed in the bank raid.在这次银行抢劫案中有一名警卫被杀害了 Ⅴ make a raid on..突袭,袭击 - The soldiers raided the enemy camp.这些战士袭击了敌人营地 n.l. C] a part of river or other body of water which allows ships to travel along: a passage for water or other fluids to flow along航道,海峡;沟渠 the English Channel英吉利海峡 2.[C]( the shows broadcast on) a particular television station电视频道 hall we watch the news on Channel4?我们看4频道的新闻好吗? She turned to the sports channel to watch the football match.她调到体育频道看足球赛。 3.rC] a way of giving, directing or communicating sth.途径,渠道 --One difficulty in the present situation of the two countries is the lack of a proper channel of communication.两国关系现状的一个难题是缺乏适当的沟通渠道。 In his work, he found a channel for all his energy.他在工作中找到了释放自己精力的渠道。 t. 1. put, cause or direct(a look, thought, feeling or opinion 投射(目光),将(思想、感情)加于 - Her arrival cast a shadow over the party.她的到来给晚会投下了不愉快的阴影 2. throw with force投,掷,抛 He cast the line to the middle of the river.他将钩鱼线抛到了河的中央 n.1.[C] all the actors in a play,etc.(影、剧)全体演员 After the final performance, the director held a party for the cast 在最后一次演出以后,导演为全体演员举行了一个晚会 Part of the films success lies in the strength of the supporting cast
3 ancient: a. 1) of or from a long time ago; having lasted for a very long time ancient history 古代史;ancient customs 旧风俗;ancient ruins 古代废墟; ancient Rome and Greece 古罗马和古希腊 2) very old my ancient car 我的老爷车 My grandparents are rather ancient. 我的祖父母都是老寿星。 endure v. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) calmly for a long time 经受，忍受，容忍 --He endured three years in prison for his religious beliefs. 他因宗教信仰遭受了三年监禁。 --I can’t endure to see/ seeing children suffer.看着儿童受苦，我可受不了。 endurance n. endurable: bearable; enduring: continuing in existence, lasting endure: 指长时间忍受困难或不幸， 桥掉持久力和意志坚定。 bear: 强调忍受者对疼痛、忧虑、责任的承受力。 stand: 强调不屈不挠或经受得起。 raid n. 1. [C] a sudden surprise attack by armed forces 突袭，袭击 --We made a raid on the enemy. 我们对敌人发起了突袭。 2. [C] a sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm （为偷袭或伤害别人而进行的）突袭，抢劫 --A security guard was killed in the bank raid. 在这次银行抢劫案中有一名警卫被杀害了。 vt. make a raid on … 突袭，袭击 --The soldiers raided the enemy camp. 这些战士袭击了敌人营地。 channel n. 1. [C] a part of river or other body of water which allows ships to travel along; a passage for water or other fluids to flow along 航道,海峡；沟渠 --the English Channel 英吉利海峡 2. [C] (the shows broadcast on) a particular television station 电视频道 --Shall we watch the news on Channel 4? 我们看 4 频道的新闻好吗？ --She turned to the sports channel to watch the football match. 她调到体育频道看足球赛。 3. [C] a way of giving, directing or communicating sth. 途径，渠道 --One difficulty in the present situation of the two countries is the lack of a proper channel of communication. 两国关系现状的一个难题是缺乏适当的沟通渠道。 --In his work, he found a channel for all his energy. 他在工作中找到了释放自己精力的渠道。 cast vt. 1. put, cause or direct (a look, thought , feeling or opinion) 投射（目光），将（思想、感情）加于 --Her arrival cast a shadow over the party. 她的到来给晚会投下了不愉快的阴影。 2. throw with force 投，掷，抛 --He cast the line to the middle of the river. 他将钩鱼线抛到了河的中央。 n. 1. [C] all the actors in a play, etc. （影、剧）全体演员 --After the final performance, the director held a party for the cast. 在最后一次演出以后，导演为全体演员举行了一个晚会。 Part of the film's success lies in the strength of the supporting cast
影片的成功部分在于强大的配角演员阵容 2.[C] an act of throwing投,掷,抛 cast pearls before swine:(saying)offer beautiful or valuable things to people who cant appreciate them明珠暗投 cast about/ around for sth: try to find or think of sth hurriedly He cast about desperately for something to say他搜索枯肠找话说 cast sb/sth aside: abandon sb. /sth as useless or unwanted She has cast her old friends aside她把老朋友都撇在一边 cast sb away: (usu passive) leave sb somewhere as a result of a shipwreck - He was cast away on a desert island他(因沉船)被撇在荒岛上 cast sb. down:(usu passive)cause sb to become depressed - He is not easily cast down很少见他情绪低落 ast sb /sth off: abandon or reject sb/ st - She has cast off three boy- friends in a month他一个月里就甩了三个男朋友 invade v. 1. enter(a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy 侵略(一国或领土),侵犯 Alexander the Great invaded India with a large army.亚历山大大帝率大军入侵印度。 2 enter( a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be)闯入,侵扰 Famous people often find their privacy is invaded by the press 名人们常常发现其个人隐私受到新闻界的侵犯。 The motorbikes invaded the calm of the summer afternoon 摩托车的噪声惊扰了夏日午后的宁静。 marshal n.1.[C] an officer of high rank高级军官,元帅 Field Marshal陆军元帅; Air marshal空军元帅 2. [C] a chief officer of a police or fire-fighting force in some parts of the United States (美)警察局长,消防队长 The state fire marshal led the investigation 由州消防局长负责这项调查 surrender v. 1. give up or give in to the power(esp. of an enemy), as a sign of defeat 投降,自首;屈服(于) -Hitler would rather die than surrender - He surrendered to despair and finally killed himsel他陷入绝望,终于自杀 2. give sth to sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is necessary to do so 交出,放弃 Neither side is willing to surrender any of their claims.双方都不愿放弃自己的要求 hey surrendered their guns to the police.他们把枪支交给了警察 historic a. important in history; of the times whose history has been recorded a historic event/ speech/ place历史上著名的事件/演说/地方 More money is needed for the upkeep of the historic buildings 历史性建筑的保存需要更多的资金投入
4 影片的成功部分在于强大的配角演员阵容。 2. [C] an act of throwing 投，掷，抛 cast pearls before swine: (saying) offer beautiful or valuable things to people who can’t appreciate them 明珠暗投 cast about/ around for sth: try to find or think of sth hurriedly --He cast about desperately for something to say.他搜索枯肠找话说。 cast sb. / sth aside: abandon sb. / sth as useless or unwanted --She has cast her old friends aside.她把老朋友都撇在一边。 cast sb away: (usu passive) leave sb somewhere as a result of a shipwreck --He was cast away on a desert island.他（因沉船）被撇在荒岛上。 cast sb. down: (usu passive)cause sb to become depressed --He is not easily cast down.很少见他情绪低落。 cast sb./ sth off: abandon or reject sb/ sth --She has cast off three boy-friends in a month.他一个月里就甩了三个男朋友。 invade v. 1. enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy 侵略（一国或领土），侵犯 --Alexander the Great invaded India with a large army. 亚历山大大帝率大军入侵印度。 2. enter (a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be) 闯入，侵扰 --Famous people often find their privacy is invaded by the press. 名人们常常发现其个人隐私受到新闻界的侵犯。 --The motorbikes invaded the calm of the summer afternoon. 摩托车的噪声惊扰了夏日午后的宁静。 marshal n. 1. [C] an officer of high rank 高级军官，元帅 Field Marshal 陆军元帅；Air Marshal 空军元帅 2. [C] a chief officer of a police or fire-fighting force in some parts of the United States (美) 警察局长，消防队长 --The state fire marshal led the investigation. 由州消防局长负责这项调查。 surrender v. 1. give up or give in to the power (esp. of an enemy), as a sign of defeat 投降，自首；屈服（于） --Hitler would rather die than surrender. --He surrendered to despair and finally killed himself. 他陷入绝望，终于自杀。 2. give sth. to sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is necessary to do so 交出，放弃 --Neither side is willing to surrender any of their claims. 双方都不愿放弃自己的要求。 --They surrendered their guns to the police. 他们把枪支交给了警察。 historic :a. important in history; of the times whose history has been recorded a historic event / speech / place 历史上著名的事件 / 演说 / 地方 --More money is needed for the upkeep of the historic buildings. 历史性建筑的保存需要更多的资金投入。 Compare:
historical: a belonging to history(contrasted with stories or tales), having to do with history (This is a new word in Passage B a historical event/ person历史事件/历史人物(真实的、非虚构的) a historical novel!/play历史小说/历史剧(内容与历史上的人物或事件有关) istorical studies历史研究 n. [C](usu sing. )(loud noise made by a) violent fall, blow or break 坠落(声),打击或破裂(所发的响声) V.1. make a sudden loud noise发出巨响 2. have an accident,esp. one which damages a vehicle(使)猛撞,(使)撞毁 The plane crashed into the mountainside.( air crash)飞机坠毁在山坡上。 Crash into; run into bump into drive into knock into v.send( (liquid or sth.else) out from the mouth吐(痰);吐(口水等) -In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public 在许多国家当众吐痰被认为是粗野无礼的行为。 n.U]口水,唾液 She used a little spit on a cloth to wipe the mirror clean.她在布上吐了一点唾沫来擦净镜子。 resolution n.1.[ U] the quality of being firm坚决,坚定,决心 - His speech ended on a note of resolution.他用铿锵有力的话语结束了演讲 He showed great resolution in facing the robbers.他面对强盗显得非常刚毅。 2.U] solution解决,解答 Your information has made the resolution of this problem possible 你所提供的信息已使这个问题的解决成为可能。 We need quick resolution of this conflict我们需要很快解决这一争端 handful n.1.四] a small number( of people or things)少数,少量 There's only a handful of people in the country who can do work as difficult as this 在国内只有少数人能完成如此困难的工作 2. [C] an amount of sth that can be held in one hand-ju - He took a handful of coins from his pocket.他从口袋里拿出一把硬币 She picked up a handful of snow and threw it at me.她抓起一把雪朝我扔过来。 flock n. [C] a group of sheep, goats or birds, or a group of people 群(绵羊、山羊、鸟或人) Police are warning motorists that a flock of sheep has escaped onto the road 警察在告诫驾车人说有一群绵羊跑到了路上 A herd of一群(牛,猪,象); a pack of一群(犬,狼); a swarm of一群(蚁,蜂, 蚊,飞虫); a school of一群(鱼,鲸等水族动物) vi. gather,move, come or go together in great numbers群集,成群结队而行 - Hundreds of people are flocking to the football match.数以百计的人正蜂拥着去看足球赛 - uge numbers of birds had flocked together by the lake.湖边聚集了为数众多的鸟儿
5 historical: a. belonging to history (contrasted with stories or tales) , having to do with history (This is a new word in Passage B.) a historical event / person 历史事件 / 历史人物 (真实的、非虚构的) a historical novel / play 历史小说 / 历史剧 (内容与历史上的人物或事件有关) historical studies 历史研究 crash n. [C] (usu. sing.) (loud noise made by a) violent fall, blow or break 坠落（声），打击或破裂（所发的响声） v. 1. make a sudden loud noise 发出巨响 2. have an accident, esp. one which damages a vehicle (使)猛撞，（使）撞毁 --The plane crashed into the mountainside. (air crash)飞机坠毁在山坡上。 Crash into; run into; bump into; drive into; knock into spit v. send (liquid or sth. else) out from the mouth 吐（痰）；吐（口水等） --In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public. 在许多国家当众吐痰被认为是粗野无礼的行为。 n. [U] 口水，唾液 --She used a little spit on a cloth to wipe the mirror clean. 她在布上吐了一点唾沫来擦净镜子。 resolution n. 1. [U] the quality of being firm 坚决，坚定，决心 --His speech ended on a note of resolution. 他用铿锵有力的话语结束了演讲。 --He showed great resolution in facing the robbers. 他面对强盗显得非常刚毅。 2. [U] solution 解决，解答 --Your information has made the resolution of this problem possible. 你所提供的信息已使这个问题的解决成为可能。 --We need quick resolution of this conflict. 我们需要很快解决这一争端。 handful n. 1. [U] a small number (of people or things) 少数，少量 --There's only a handful of people in the country who can do work as difficult as this. 在国内只有少数人能完成如此困难的工作。 2. [C] an amount of sth. that can be held in one hand 一把 --He took a handful of coins from his pocket. 他从口袋里拿出一把硬币。 --She picked up a handful of snow and threw it at me. 她抓起一把雪朝我扔过来。 flock n. [C] a group of sheep, goats or birds, or a group of people 一群（绵羊、山羊、鸟或人） Police are warning motorists that a flock of sheep has escaped onto the road. 警察在告诫驾车人说有一群绵羊跑到了路上。 A herd of 一群（牛，猪， 象）； a pack of 一群（犬，狼）； a swarm of 一群（蚁，蜂， 蚊，飞虫）； a school of 一群（鱼，鲸等水族动物） vi. gather, move, come or go together in great numbers 群集，成群结队而行 --Hundreds of people are flocking to the football match. 数以百计的人正蜂拥着去看足球赛。 --Huge numbers of birds had flocked together by the lake. 湖边聚集了为数众多的鸟儿
t.1.make( a person or an anima) very tired使疲惫不堪 The long cycle ride exhausted her.长途骑自行车使她疲惫不堪 They exhausted themselves in a day of difficult climbing 经过一天艰难的攀登,他们筋疲力尽。 2.use(sth) up completely用尽,耗尽 - His bad behavior nearly exhausted her patience.他的不良行为几乎使她失去了耐心。 --We seem to have exhausted this subject of conversation 看来我们对这个话题己经没什么可说的了 smash v.1.( cause sth.to) be broken violently into pieces打碎,打破,粉碎 The lock was rusty, so we had to smash it to open the door 锁生锈了,我们不得不把门砸开 2hit(sb/sth) very hard猛撞,猛击 Several boats were smashed against the rocks during the storm.风暴中有几条船撞上了礁石。 n.1.[C] an act or sound of smashing撞击(声),猛撞(声) The glass hit the floor with a smash.杯子啪得一声摔在了地上 2.[ C]a very successful song, play or film,etc.极为成功的歌曲、戏剧或电影等 The film got over $100 million, making her the first woman to direct a smash hit in Hollywood 该电影总共收入一亿多美元,使她成为第一个在好莱坞导演轰动之作的女性。 Her first movie was an international smash.她的第一部影片在国际上取得了成功。 cellar: a room under the ground floor of a building, usu. used to keep items to be used later basement: room below ground level, windows, for living/ working attic:room in the roof space of a house(could be lived in) loft: space in the roof of a house usually used only for storage rescue t. save or bring away sb./sh. from danger救出,解救 You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.你使我摆脱了窘境。 n.[C,U] rescuing or being rescued营救,解救 Lifeboats accomplish many rescues every month.救生船每月都要进行多次救援行动 decent a. socially acceptable or good适当的,得体的,正派的 Everyone should have the right to a decent wage and a decent home 人人都有权得到体面的工资和拥有一个美好的家庭 thought he was a decent sort of person.我认为他属于那种正派的人 n.U] being decent正派,合宜,体面,得体 --His sense of decency and fair play made him refuse the offer 他的正直感和公平竞争意识使他拒绝了这个提议。 Phrases and expressions night after night every night一夜又一夜地,连夜地 for nights following each other The preposition "after"can be used in a similar way in a number of time expressions hour after hour接连好几个小时; year after year一年又一年; Day after day She went to the cinema night after night, al ways to see"The Sound of Music 6
6 exhaust vt. 1. make (a person or an animal) very tired 使疲惫不堪 --The long cycle ride exhausted her. 长途骑自行车使她疲惫不堪。 --They exhausted themselves in a day of difficult climbing. 经过一天艰难的攀登，他们筋疲力尽。 2. use (sth.) up completely 用尽，耗尽 --His bad behavior nearly exhausted her patience. 他的不良行为几乎使她失去了耐心。 --We seem to have exhausted this subject of conversation. 看来我们对这个话题已经没什么可说的了。 smash v. 1. (cause sth. to) be broken violently into pieces 打碎，打破，粉碎 --The lock was rusty, so we had to smash it to open the door. 锁生锈了，我们不得不把门砸开。 2. hit (sb./sth.) very hard 猛撞，猛击 --Several boats were smashed against the rocks during the storm. 风暴中有几条船撞上了礁石。 n. 1. [C] an act or sound of smashing 撞击（声），猛撞（声） --The glass hit the floor with a smash. 杯子啪得一声摔在了地上。 2. [C] a very successful song, play or film, etc.极为成功的歌曲、戏剧或电影等 --The film got over $100 million, making her the first woman to direct a smash hit in Hollywood. 该电影总共收入一亿多美元，使她成为第一个在好莱坞导演轰动之作的女性。 --Her first movie was an international smash. 她的第一部影片在国际上取得了成功。 cellar : a room under the ground floor of a building, usu. used to keep items to be used later basement: room below ground level, windows, for living/ working attic: room in the roof space of a house (could be lived in); loft: space in the roof of a house usually used only for storage rescue vt. save or bring away sb./sth. from danger 救出，解救 --You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 你使我摆脱了窘境。 n. [C, U] rescuing or being rescued 营救，解救 --Lifeboats accomplish many rescues every month. 救生船每月都要进行多次救援行动。 decent a. socially acceptable or good 适当的，得体的，正派的 --Everyone should have the right to a decent wage and a decent home. 人人都有权得到体面的工资和拥有一个美好的家庭。 --I thought he was a decent sort of person. 我认为他属于那种正派的人。 decency n. [U] being decent 正派，合宜，体面，得体 --His sense of decency and fair play made him refuse the offer. 他的正直感和公平竞争意识使他拒绝了这个提议。 Phrases and expressions night after night every night 一夜又一夜地，连夜地 for nights following each other continuously The preposition “after” can be used in a similar way in a number of time expressions: hour after hour 接连好几个小时;year after year 一年又一年; Day after day, --She went to the cinema night after night, always to see "The Sound of Music
她每天晚上到电影院去,总是看《音乐之声》 drive sb /sth. off defeat or beat back( an enemy or an attack)击退,赶走 They claimed that they had driven off a major force.他们声称已经击退了敌方的一支主力。 be sure of sth certain to receive,win,ete.sth.确信会获得,赢得 Can I be sure of a profit if I put my money there?我把钱投在那儿一定能获利吗? in broad daylight in the full light of day大白天,光天化日之下 --Thieves had broken into the car in broad daylight and stolen the radio 小偷们在大白天撬开车偷走了收音机。 arry on continue doing sth.继续 Carry on the work while I'm away.我不在时,你继续干你的工作。 bring under control anage to control over控制,使就范 I shall put an experienced teacher in charge of that class, to bring the children under control 我将派一个有经验的老师去负责那个班,使孩子们规矩起来。 bring in把(某物)拿进来 Take the washing in, it's raining!下雨了,把洗好的衣服拿进来! When the letters have all been opened, take them in to the director 所有的信开封以后,拿进去给主任 on the air 开始广播(或电视转播) - This channel comes on the air every morning at7.这个频道每天早晨7点开始播送节目。 The interview with the President will be on the air tomorrow morning 对总统的采访将于明天早晨播出。 keep sb. from doing sth. prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止 Don't let me keep you from going out.别因为我而妨碍你外出 watch for look attentively for sth.留意,当心 Watch for our new improved product, which will be on the market next week 留心我们新改进的产品吧,下个星期就要上市了! put out cause sth. to stop burning扑灭,熄灭 Firemen soon put the fire out消防队员很快就把那场火扑灭了。 -Put out all fires before leaving the camping ground 离开营地以前要把所有的火熄灭 nark down write down记下来,写下来 I marked down the address that she gave me over the telephone, and took care not to lose it 我把她在电话里告诉我的地址记了下来,并且注意把它保存好。 1. Night after night.. a deep, steady voice came over the atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of Englands battle for survival under the waves of german bombers.(Para Meaning: For many nights continuously eep, steady voice came rou across the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, reporting on Englands battle against repeated raids by German bombers wave:.a sudden increase in a particular activity, esp, an undesirable or unpleasant one a heat wave热浪 a new crime wave新的犯罪高峰; a wave of displeasure反感情绪高涨 he group claimed responsibility for a wave of terrorist bombings.该组织声称对新一轮恐怖
7 她每天晚上到电影院去，总是看《音乐之声》。 drive sb. / sth. off defeat or beat back (an enemy or an attack) 击退, 赶走 --They claimed that they had driven off a major force. 他们声称已经击退了敌方的一支主力。 be sure of sth. certain to receive, win, etc. sth. 确信会获得，赢得 --Can I be sure of a profit if I put my money there? 我把钱投在那儿一定能获利吗？ in broad daylight in the full light of day 大白天，光天化日之下 --Thieves had broken into the car in broad daylight and stolen the radio. 小偷们在大白天撬开车偷走了收音机。 carry on continue doing sth. 继续 --Carry on the work while I'm away. 我不在时，你继续干你的工作。 bring under control manage to control over 控制，使就范 --I shall put an experienced teacher in charge of that class, to bring the children under control. 我将派一个有经验的老师去负责那个班，使孩子们规矩起来。 take in bring in 把（某物）拿进来 --Take the washing in, it's raining! 下雨了，把洗好的衣服拿进来！ --When the letters have all been opened, take them in to the director. 所有的信开封以后，拿进去给主任。 on the air 开始广播（或电视转播） --This channel comes on the air every morning at 7. 这个频道每天早晨 7 点开始播送节目。 --The interview with the President will be on the air tomorrow morning. 对总统的采访将于明天早晨播出。 keep sb. from doing sth. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止 --Don't let me keep you from going out.别因为我而妨碍你外出。 watch for look attentively for sth. 留意，当心 --Watch for our new improved product, which will be on the market next week! 留心我们新改进的产品吧，下个星期就要上市了！ put out cause sth. to stop burning 扑灭，熄灭 --Firemen soon put the fire out. 消防队员很快就把那场火扑灭了。 --Put out all fires before leaving the camping ground. 离开营地以前要把所有的火熄灭。 mark down write down 记下来，写下来 --I marked down the address that she gave me over the telephone, and took care not to lose it. 我把她在电话里告诉我的地址记了下来，并且注意把它保存好。 Language Points 1.Night after night … a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of England’s battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. (Para. 1) Meaning: For many nights continuously … a deep, steady voice came through broadcasting across the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, reporting on England’s battle against repeated raids by German bombers. wave: n. a sudden increase in a particular activity, esp. an undesirable or unpleasant one a heat wave 热浪;a new crime wave 新的犯罪高峰;a wave of displeasure 反感情绪高涨; --The group claimed responsibility for a wave of terrorist bombings. 该组织声称对新一轮恐怖
爆炸案负责。 2.They had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force(RaF)to battle the Nazis in the sky.(Para. 5) Meaning: The English Channel functioned as a natural barrier and protected the English from being attacked by the Nazi ground forces, and the Royal Air Force could fight against the Nazis in 3. Marshal Goering boasted, " This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemys heart. "(Para.6) Meaning: Marshal Goering said proudly that it was an important hour in history when German planes for the first time attacked London directly boast: v(of/ about/that) talk proudly The young man is boasting of(or: about) his rich family to the girls这位年轻人正在向女孩们 吹嘘自己富有的家庭。 He boasts of being the best painter in this area.他自夸是这一地区最好的画家。 Bill boasted that he was always the prize- winner in tennis match比尔自夸是网球赛中的常胜 spit fire: send out flames; shoot guns 1)travel, usu. in a vehicle, in an uncomfortable way because the surface one is moving over is .The circulation of the magazine has been bumping along for some time at around 30, 时间来,这杂志的销路一直在3万份上下。 2) hit(sth )with force, esp. accidentally His car bumped(into) a tree at the side of the road.他的车撞在了路边的一棵树上。 When he was parking his car he bumped the car in front of him.他在停车时撞上了前面的 bump: n [C] blow, knock or hit - he passengers felt a violent bump as the plane landed.飞机着陆的时候,乘客们感觉到了猛 烈的冲击。 Notice the use of the phrasal verb" bump into” in the sense of“ meet by chance¨”. An example - I bumped into an old college friend in a restaurant in New York.我在纽约的一家饭店里碰见 了大学的一位老同学 under control: controlled in the correct way Don't worry- everything is under control.别担心,一切都在控制之中 It took the new teacher months to bring her class under control.新来的老师花了好几个月的时 间才把班上学生管住 in control: in charge. in command The vice- president is now in control, because the President is ill at home总裁因病在家,现在副 总裁掌管一切。 rage:vi continue with violence(usually used to refer to sth. powerful and unpleasant) It is said an epidemic disease is raging throughout that country.据说某种传染性疾病正在那个 国家肆虐 he war raged and thousands of people were injured or killed战争越打越激烈,成千上万的人
8 爆炸案负责。 2.They had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force (RAF) to battle the Nazis in the sky. (Para.5) Meaning: The English Channel functioned as a natural barrier and protected the English from being attacked by the Nazi ground forces, and the Royal Air Force could fight against the Nazis in the sky. 3.Marshal Goering boasted, “This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy’s heart.” (Para.6) Meaning: Marshal Goering said proudly that it was an important hour in history when German planes for the first time attacked London directly. boast: v. (of / about / that) talk proudly --The young man is boasting of (or: about) his rich family to the girls. 这位年轻人正在向女孩们 吹嘘自己富有的家庭。 --He boasts of being the best painter in this area. 他自夸是这一地区最好的画家。 --Bill boasted that he was always the prize-winner in tennis match. 比尔自夸是网球赛中的常胜 将军。 spit fire: send out flames; shoot guns bump: v. 1） travel, usu. in a vehicle, in an uncomfortable way because the surface one is moving over is rough --The circulation of the magazine has been bumping along for some time at around 30, 000. 一段 时间来, 这杂志的销路一直在 3 万份上下。 2） hit (sth.) with force, esp. accidentally --His car bumped (into) a tree at the side of the road. 他的车撞在了路边的一棵树上。 --When he was parking his car he bumped the car in front of him. 他在停车时撞上了前面的 车。 bump: n. [C] blow, knock or hit --The passengers felt a violent bump as the plane landed. 飞机着陆的时候，乘客们感觉到了猛 烈的冲击。 Notice the use of the phrasal verb “bump into” in the sense of “meet by chance”. An example: --I bumped into an old college friend in a restaurant in New York. 我在纽约的一家饭店里碰见 了大学的一位老同学。 under control: controlled in the correct way Don’t worry — everything is under control. 别担心, 一切都在控制之中。 It took the new teacher months to bring her class under control. 新来的老师花了好几个月的时 间才把班上学生管住。 Compare : in control: in charge, in command The vice-president is now in control, because the President is ill at home. 总裁因病在家, 现在副 总裁掌管一切。 rage: vi. continue with violence (usually used to refer to sth. powerful and unpleasant) --It is said an epidemic disease is raging throughout that country. 据说某种传染性疾病正在那个 国家肆虐。 --The war raged and thousands of people were injured or killed. 战争越打越激烈，成千上万的人
或死或伤。 4. He did not speak them with any attempt to sound heroic. He simply voiced the quiet truth of the citys existence. ( Para. 10) Meaning: He didn't try to sound heroic while saying those words. In a quiet voice, he was just telling the simple truth: London was still standing there sound. v seem when heard Your cough sounds better:你的咳嗽听上去好一点了。 - Does this sentence sound right?这个句子听上去对不对? From the way you describe him, he sounds like a very strange man.根据你的描述,他似乎是个 十分奇怪的人。 voice:vt express in words, esp forcefully The chairman encouraged us to voice our opinions.主席鼓励我们发表自己的意见。 5. Murrow knew that Britain's fate depended upon the resolution of the people in the shops and streets, the men in the pubs, the housewives, those watching for fire on the roofs, the people who had a thousand difficult and painful things to do. (Para. Il) Meaning: Murrow knew that Britains fate depended on the ordinary English people who were resolved to defend their homeland, stay ing aware all the time and doing whatever they should do 6. Much depended upon the handful of pilots who rose day after day and night after night to meet the flocks of Nazi bombers.(Para. 12) Meaning: Britains fate depended to a large extent on the small number of pilots fighting against lots of German bombers for many days and nights continuously provide for: make all necessary arrangements for We must provide for the safety of the workers.我们必须保证工人们的安全 Section B Reading skills Understanding Figurative language As we learned in Unit 5, to make language clearer, more interesting, and more vivid we often use expressions which are not literally true. We make comparisons in speaking and writing Figurative language - language that compares-- paints a picture for the reader. Figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally. The ability to recognize and interpret figurative language may help us fully understand a writer's meaning. Look at the following two A 1. Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of England's battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. (Para. 1) 2. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. (Para. 6) In the first example above, the coming of German bombers is compared to the coming of sea waves, thus emphasizing the idea of huge numbers of German bombers continuously flying to England
9 或死或伤。 4.He did not speak them with any attempt to sound heroic. He simply voiced the quiet truth of the city’s existence. (Para.10) Meaning: He didn’t try to sound heroic while saying those words. In a quiet voice, he was just telling the simple truth: London was still standing there. sound: v. seem when heard --Your cough sounds better. 你的咳嗽听上去好一点了。 --Does this sentence sound right? 这个句子听上去对不对? From the way you describe him, he sounds like a very strange man. 根据你的描述, 他似乎是个 十分奇怪的人。 voice: vt. express in words, esp. forcefully --The chairman encouraged us to voice our opinions. 主席鼓励我们发表自己的意见。 5.Murrow knew that Britain’s fate depended upon the resolution of the people in the shops and streets, the men in the pubs, the housewives, those watching for fire on the roofs, the people who had a thousand difficult and painful things to do. (Para.11) Meaning: Murrow knew that Britain’s fate depended on the ordinary English people who were resolved to defend their homeland, staying aware all the time and doing whatever they should do. 6.Much depended upon the handful of pilots who rose day after day and night aft er night to meet the flocks of Nazi bombers. (Para.12) Meaning: Britain’s fate depended to a large extent on the small number of pilots fighting against lots of German bombers for many days and nights continuously. provide for: make all necessary arrangements for We must provide for the safety of the workers. 我们必须保证工人们的安全。 Section B Reading skills: Understanding Figurative Language As we learned in Unit 5, to make language clearer, more interesting, and more vivid, we often use expressions which are not literally true. We make comparisons in speaking and writing. Figurative language -- language that compares -- paints a picture for the reader. Figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally. The ability to recognize and interpret figurative language may help us fully understand a writer’s meaning. Look at the following two examples taken from Reading Passage A: 1. Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of England’s battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. (Para. 1) 2. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. (Para. 6) In the first example above, the coming of German bombers is compared to the coming of sea waves, thus emphasizing the idea of huge numbers of German bombers continuously flying to England
In the second example above, the bombing of the city by german bombers is compared to th use of a hammer, thus emphasizing the idea of repeated hitting by those bombers There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of a) Similes(明喻,直喻), figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like b)Metaphors(E ) in which comparisons are only suggested, without using as, like and the c)Personification (A), figurative expressions which give human qualities to non-human The particular reading skill we reviewed in this unit is"understanding figurative language".As we have already learned so far, to make language clearer, more interesting, and more vivid, we use expressions which are not literally true. We make comparisons in speaking and writing. Figurative language- language that compares-paints a picture for the reader. Figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally. The ability to recognize and understand figurative language may help us fully understand an authors point There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of a) Similes(明喻,直喻) These are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. Here is one example taken from Reading Passage A of Unit The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys.(Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) b)Metaphors(HH n), in which comparisons are only implied, without using as, like and the like Look at the following two examples taken from Reading Passage A 1. Newspapers appeared and people bought them, hurrying to work and reading reports of the battle raging over London.(Para. 9, Reading Passage A, Unit 10) 2. Much depended upon the handful of pilots who rose day after day and night after night to meet the flocks of Nazi bombers. (Para. 11, Reading Passage A, Unit 10) In the first example, the battle is compared to some animate being which might explode into great anger, so the reader thinks that the battle was continuing with great violenc In the second example, the English pilots are compared to something which can be easily held in the hand, emphasizing the small number of these pilots, whereas Nazi bombers are compared to huge numbers of large, fierce birds c)Personification(tA), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans Take two more examples from Reading Passage A: 1. Radar sirens wailed, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and firemen faced the flames hour after hour. ( Para. 7, Reading Passage A, Unit 10) 2. It seemed impossible for people of the city to do their daily jobs, to work and eat and sleep and carry on the business of life, with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above( Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 10)
10 In the second example above, the bombing of the city by German bombers is compared to the use of a hammer, thus emphasizing the idea of repeated hitting by those bombers. There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of them: a) Similes (明喻, 直喻), figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. b) Metaphors (暗喻), in which comparisons are only suggested, without using as, like and the like. c) Personification (拟人), figurative expressions which give human qualities to non-human things. The particular reading skill we reviewed in this unit is “understanding figurative language”. As we have already learned so far, to make language clearer, more interesting, and more vivid, we use expressions which are not literally true. We make comparisons in speaking and writing. Figurative language - language that compares - paints a picture for the reader. Figurative language can be confusing if it is understood literally. The ability to recognize and understand figurative language may help us fully understand an author’s point. There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of them: a) Similes (明喻, 直喻). These are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. Here is one example taken from Reading Passage A of Unit 5: The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys ... (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) b) Metaphors (暗喻), in which comparisons are only implied, without using as, like and the like. Look at the following two examples taken from Reading Passage A: 1. Newspapers appeared and people bought them, hurrying to work and reading reports of the battle raging over London. (Para. 9, Reading Passage A, Unit 10) 2. Much depended upon the handful of pilots who rose day after day and night after night to meet the flocks of Nazi bombers. (Para. 11, Reading Passage A, Unit 10) In the first example, the battle is compared to some animate being which might explode into great anger, so the reader thinks that the battle was continuing with great violence. In the second example, the English pilots are compared to something which can be easily held in the hand, emphasizing the small number of these pilots, whereas Nazi bombers are compared to huge numbers of large, fierce birds. c) Personification (拟人), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans. Take two more examples from Reading Passage A: 1. Radar sirens wailed, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and firemen faced the flames hour after hour. (Para. 7, Reading Passage A, Unit 10) 2. It seemed impossible for people of the city to do their daily jobs, to work and eat and sleep and carry on the business of life, with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 10)