Unit 3 Section A Where Principles Come First Warm up a. How the Hyde school succeeded in educating children?What causes that? b. How to improve high school education in a way to meet the damands Background information Hyde School The Hyde of today upholds Five Words as the core principles on school ampuses in Bath, Maine and Woodstock, Connecticut and in a growing number of public and private schools Courage, Integrity, Leadership, Curiosity, and Concern Hyde' s program has three emphases Character development-Hyde consists of a fully integrated program of character development Character is not an" add-on"at Hyde. It is the found ation from which all curriculum is developed, including academics, athletics, performing arts, co mmunity service. d on-campus jobs and Family renewal-results from real parent participation. The parents are not involved to support the work of the faculty; they work to develop their own character. The Family Education Program is the distinctive quality of Hyde's approach College preparation--more than 98% of Hyde' s graduates attend four-year colleges. Hyde graduates are currently enrolled at Bates, Baylor, Bucknell, Carleton, Carnegie-Mellon, Colgate, Columbia, Comell, Davidson, Denison, Duke, Georgetown, George Washington Hamilton, Middlebury, Oberlin, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, RPL, Rutgers, Springfield, Trinity Union, Vanderbilt, Washington, Wheaton; and the Universities of Colorado, Denver, Virginia Maine, Michigan, Oregon, and vermont. Although some schools might excel with one of these emphases singularly, we submit that Hyde is the best, indeed the only choice for prospective families who seek to accept the challenge of all of them collectively Once enrolled at Hyde, students and their parents are expected to honor the Hyde school Statement of Purpose, a document that perhaps best expresses Hyde's mission as a community Hyde school focuses on the development of individual character, beginning with the premise that everyone is gifted with a unique potential that defines individual destiny. Both Hyde boarding campuses consist of grades 9-12 and enroll approximately 220 students
1 Unit 3 Section A Where Principles Come First I. Warm up questions a. How the Hyde school succeeded in educating children?What causes that? b. How to improve high school education in a way to meet the damands of the society? II. Background information Hyde School The Hyde of today upholds Five Words as the core principles on school campuses in Bath, Maine and Woodstock, Connecticut and in a growing number of public and private schools: Courage, Integrity, Leadership, Curiosity, and Concern. Hyde’s program has three emphases: • Character development—Hyde consists of a fully integrated program of character development. Character is not an “add-on” at Hyde. It is the foundation from which all curriculum is developed, including academics, athletics, performing arts, co mmunity service, and on-campus jobs. • Family renewal—results from real parent participation. The parents are not involved to support the work of the faculty; they work to develop their own character. The Family Education Program is the distinctive quality of Hyde's approach. • College preparation—more than 98% of Hyde's graduates attend four-year colleges. Hyde graduates are currently enrolled at Bates, Baylor, Bucknell, Carleton, Carnegie-Mellon, Colgate, Columbia, Cornell, Davidson, Denison, Duke, Georgetown, George Washington, Hamilton, Middlebury, Oberlin, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, RPI, Rutgers, Springfield, Trinity, Union, Vanderbilt, Washington, Wheaton; and the Universities of Colorado, Denver, Virginia, Maine, Michigan, Oregon, and Vermont. Although some schools might excel with one of these emphases singularly, we submit that Hyde is the best, indeed the only choice for prospective families who seek to accept the challenge of all of them collectively. Once enrolled at Hyde, students and their parents are expected to honor the Hyde School Statement of Purpose, a document that perhaps best expresses Hyde’s mission as a community. Hyde School focuses on the development of individual character, beginning with the premise that everyone is gifted with a unique potential that defines individual destiny. Both Hyde boarding campuses consist of grades 9–12 and enroll approximately 220 students
The curriculum is designed to intentionally challenge students to pursue their unique potential With several areas of learning and program content that include varied academic instruction and skill and character development, the extended program not only provides students with a sound education, it also trains them to probe beyond the academic to a conscience level of This deeper level of learning places them on a path where they can identify, examine, and oftentimes redefine their principles, interests, strengths, obstacles, ideals, and ultimately their unique potential, and use that knowledge to shape and enrich their lives. While each area of discipline offers its own unique and challenging content, the character development curriculum is a common thread woven into all curricula, offering students consistency and reinforcement in learning Campus life at hyde A Typical Weekday At Hyde School 7. 30 AM-Breakfast 8:00 AM-Campus Jobs 8: 30 AM-Academics Noon -Lunch 1: 30 PM-Academics, Sports, or Discovery Groups 6: 00 PM--Dini 8: 00 PM-Study Hall or Mandatory Fun a Typical saturday At hyde school 7:30AM— Breakfast 8: 00 AM-Campus Jobs 9: 00 AM-Performing Arts 1: 30 PM-Sports 5:30PM— Dinner 6: 00 PM-Free time or movie trip Sundays at Hyde are free. During the fall and spring, students take trips to shopping areas movies, skate parks, etc. During the winter months, many trips are made to area ski mountains Ill. Text Structure Analysis
2 The curriculum is designed to intentionally challenge students to pursue their unique potential. With several areas of learning and program content that include varied academic instruction and skill and character development, the extended program not only provides students with a sound education, it also trains them to probe beyond the academic to a conscience level of thought. This deeper level of learning places them on a path where they can identify, examine, and oftentimes redefine their principles, interests, strengths, obstacles, ideals, and ultimately their unique potential, and use that knowledge to shape and enrich their lives. While each area of discipline offers its own unique and challenging content, the character development curriculum is a common thread woven into all curricula, offering students consistency and reinforcement in learning. Campus life at hyde A Typical Weekday At Hyde School 7:30 AM—Breakfast 8:00 AM—Campus Jobs 8:30 AM—Academics Noon—Lunch 1:30 PM—Academics, Sports, or Discovery Groups 6:00 PM—Dinner 8:00 PM—Study Hall or Mandatory Fun A Typical Saturday At Hyde School 7:30 AM—Breakfast 8:00 AM—Campus Jobs 9:00 AM—Performing Arts Noon—Lunch 1:30 PM—Sports 5:30 PM—Dinner 6:00 PM—Free time or movie trip Sundays at Hyde are free. During the fall and spring, students take trips to shopping areas, movies, skate parks, etc. During the winter months, many trips are made to area ski mountains. III. Text Structure Analysis
The passage looks like a report, which tries to explain some ideas, report some events and questions as a way of predicting what is to follow. If what follows is just the answer to the o io prove some conclusions. The relationship between the parts is best brought out by question question in the readers'mind then comprehension continues. If what follows is not the answer to the question in the readers'mind, the readers would look in some other directions to put in the right question to match what follows. This is a very important technique of reading comprehension or bringing out the relationship between the paragraphs. For example If the readers come across an article which starts with Mr Williams was brought into court today Then the readers would naturally ask: Why was Mr Williams brought into court? Or who/what is Mr williams? Or why was it today that Mr Williams was brought into court?. If what follows answers one of the questions in the readers'mind, then comprehension continues. If not, the readers would correct their expectations and insert some other questions to match the development of the article Now let, s examine the text structure of Reading Passage a in a way of questions and The essay is made up of 4 parts with each part answering one question Part 1:(P1-2)When we come up to the article we read the title-where Principles Come First. This naturally brings us the question: What are the principles? Part 1 is made up of 2 paragraphs: Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 telling us the principles of the Hyde school Part 2: (P3-11)Since the principles of the Hyde School are somewhat different from other schools, the readers would wonder whether the principles are accepted by other schools Mhen we read on, we find the author tries to answer the question in Paragraphs 3 to 11 Paragraph 3 is about one example of how the Hyde School principles were rejected by one public school with the reasons made clear to us From Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 11 there is another example of how the Hyde school principles were appreciated by another public school Part 3: (P12-16)Since the Hyde School principles have been rejected as well as appreciated we would be wondering what the detailed principles or approaches are for the Hyde School This brings in for us Part 3. Part 3 consists of 5 paragraphs, from Paragraph 12 to Paragraph 16 Paragraph 12 is about some principles for the Hyde School: every student with a unique potential based on character, high value of hard work, success measured by progress or development, and students taking responsibilities for each other. Paragraph 13 is about what is provided by the Hyde school. The Hyde school is different from other schools in additional requirements like arts, sports, and community service And the grading system includ es the fact as to how hard the students have tried in their studies. Paragraph 14 to Paragraph 16 is
3 The passage looks like a report, which tries to explain some ideas, report some events and prove some conclusions. The relationship between the parts is best brought out by questions and answers. While reading the passage, the readers would naturally ask themselves some questions as a way of predicting what is to follow. If what follows is just the answer to the question in the readers’ mind, then comprehension continues. If what follows is not the answer to the question in the readers’ mind, the readers would look in some other directions to put in the right question to match what follows. This is a very important technique of reading comprehension or bringing out the relationship between the paragraphs. For example: If the readers come across an article which starts with: Mr. Williams was brought into court today. Then the readers would naturally ask: Why was Mr. Williams brought into court? Or who/what is Mr. Williams? Or why was it today that Mr. Williams was brought into court?… If what follows answers one of the questions in the readers’ mind, then comprehension continues. If not, the readers would correct their expectations and insert some other questions to match the development of the article. Now let’s examine the text structure of Reading Passage A in a way of questions and answers. The essay is made up of 4 parts with each part answering one question. Part 1: (P1-2)When we come up to the article, we read the title — Where Principles Come First. This naturally brings us the question: What are the principles? Part 1 is made up of 2 paragraphs: Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 telling us the principles of the Hyde School. Part 2:(P3-11) Since the principles of the Hyde School are somewhat different from other schools, the readers would wonder whether the principles are accepted by other schools. When we read on, we find the author tries to answer the question in Paragraphs 3 to 11. Paragraph 3 is about one example of how the Hyde School principles were rejected by one public school with the reasons made clear to us. From Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 11 there is another example of how the Hyde School principles were appreciated by another public school. Part 3:(P12-16) Since the Hyde School principles have been rejected as well as appreciated, we would be wondering what the detailed principles or approaches are for the Hyde School. This brings in for us Part 3. Part 3 consists of 5 paragraphs, from Paragraph 12 to Paragraph 16. Paragraph 12 is about some principles for the Hyde School: every student with a unique potential based on character, high value of hard work, success measured by progress or development, and students taking responsibilities for each other. Paragraph 13 is about what is provided by the Hyde School. The Hyde School is different from other schools in additional requirements like arts, sports, and community service. And the grading system includ es the fact as to how hard the students have tried in their studies. Paragraph 14 to Paragraph 16 is
about another important requirement from the Hyde School: parents' commitment and participation in the program. Paragraph 14 is about what have been required of parents Paragraph 15 is about how the requirements work in some other schools and how some importance of their participation, the Hyde Schools program should work well in public schools Part 4: (P17-20)Now that we are clear about the Hyde schools principles, the acceptability of the principles to public schools and what the school's detailed principles are, we would naturally ask the question: Are these principles good or beneficial to the teachers as well as the students? Part 4 consists of 4 paragraphs: Paragraph 17 tells us how the principles prove to be beneficial to the teachers and Paragraphs 18 to 20 tell us one example of how successful the principles are to the students Word Study 1 publicity1.[ U public notice or attention公众的注意:名声- an actress who seeks/ avoid publicity一位想出风头(避免出风头)的女演员;- heads of state who live their lives in the full blaze of publicity在众目睽睽之下过生活的国家元首们 2. [U(business of) providing inf ormation in order to attract public attention; advertising(商业)广告,宣传,宣扬 conduct a publicity campaign从事一项宣传活动 publicize v.宜扬,宜传 publish v出版,发布(消息) publication n.出版发布 publicist n评 论家,宜扬者 2 cultivate1.vt. develop and improve培养,陶冶,发展- -to cultivate one' s mind修养心性 2. vt prepare and use(and,soil,etc.) for growing crops耕种,耕作- cultivate the land cultivated adj.(指人)举止文雅的,有教养的 3 comprehensive adj. that includes(nearly) everything综合的,全面的,广泛的- a man of comprehensive mind/ grasp of ideas富有理解力的人;- a comprehensive description综合性的 描述 comprehensible adj. easy to understand -a book that is comprehensible to specialists. R 有专家才能充分了解的一本书 4 sus pend vt.1. stop or cause to be not active暂停,中止- suspend a rule中止一项规则;-The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather 因为天气恶劣,船运服务被暂停了。2. hang sth.up悬挂- We saw smoke suspended in the 我们看见悬浮在静空中的烟 Suspension n暂停,悬挂 Suspect vt猜想,怀疑 Suspect sb of sth Suspicion n. Suspicious adj.怀疑的 (be/become/feel) suspicious about/of sb/sth 5. strain n 1.[C, U] severe demand on one's mental ical strength, abilities etc.(对精力、体力、能力的)苛求,压力- Do you suffer from the strain of modem life?现代 生活使你感到紧张吗?2.[C,U] condition of being pulled tightly拉紧,绷紧
4 about another important requirement from the Hyde School: parents’ commitment and participation in the program. Paragraph 14 is about what have been required of parents. Paragraph 15 is about how the requirements work in some other schools and how some parents reject the principle. But Paragraph 16 tells us that once the parents realize the importance of their participation, the Hyde School’s program should work well in public schools. Part 4:(P17-20) Now that we are clear about the Hyde School’s principles, the acceptability of the principles to public schools and what the school’s detailed principles are, we would naturally ask the question: Are these principles good or beneficial to the teachers as well as the students? Part 4 consists of 4 paragraphs: Paragraph 17 tells us how the principles prove to be beneficial to the teachers and Paragraphs 18 to 20 tell us one example of how successful the principles are to the students. IV. Word Study 1.publicity 1. [U] public notice or attention 公众的注意；名声--an actress who seeks/avoids publicity 一位想出风头（避免出风头）的女演员;--heads of state who live their lives in the full blaze of publicity 在众目睽睽之下过生活的国家元首们 2. [U] (business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising （商业）广告，宣传，宣扬 conduct a publicity campaign 从事一项宣传活动 publicize v.宣扬，宣传 publish v 出版，发布（消息）publication n.出版发布 publicist n.评 论家，宣扬者 2.cultivate 1. vt. develop and improve 培养，陶冶，发展--to cultivate one’s mind 修养心性 2. vt.prepare and use (land, soil, etc.) for growing crops 耕种，耕作--cultivate the land cultivated adj.（指人）举止文雅的，有教养的 3comprehensive adj. that includes (nearly) everything 综合的，全面的，广泛的--a man of comprehensive mind/grasp of ideas 富有理解力的人；--a comprehensive description 综合性的 描述 comprehensible adj.easy to understand --a book that is comprehensible to specialists.只 有专家才能充分了解的一本书 4suspend vt. 1. stop or cause to be not active 暂停，中止—suspend a rule 中止一项规则；--The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather. 因为天气恶劣，船运服务被暂停了。 2. hang sth. up 悬挂-- We saw smoke suspended in the still air. 我们看见悬浮在静空中的烟。 Suspension n 暂停，悬挂 Suspect vt 猜想，怀疑 Suspect sb of sth Suspicion n. Suspicious adj.怀疑的 （be/become/feel）suspicious about/of sb/sth 5.strain n. 1. [C, U] severe demand on one's mental or physical strength, abilities, etc.（对精力、体力、能力的）苛求，压力—Do you suffer from the strain of modern life?现代 生活使你感到紧张吗？ 2. [C, U] condition of being pulled tightly 拉紧，绷紧
The rope broke under the strain.绳被拉断了 vt 1 hurt or weaken(esp. a part of the body) by stretching too much or trying too hard扭伤,损伤- strain a muscle/one' s heart 2. stretch sth tightly by pulling拉紧,绷紧- strain a rope to breaking- point把绳子抓緊到快断 的地步3. use to the greatest possible degree尽力使用,使紧张- strain one' s eyes全神贯 注的看ⅵi. use all one' s power, energy,etc.( to do sth)竭力,尽全力- She strained against the ropes which tied her.她使劲挣扎试图使捆在她身上的绳子松开。 restrain vt hold back restrain.from阻止去做某事,但是后面有反身代词,可以意思为克制 不做某事— If you can't restrain your dog from biting the milkman, you must lock him up.如果你 不能阻止你的狗咬送奶人,你该把它关起来。- He is unable to restrain himself from getting excited.他控制不了自己,变的兴奋起来 refrain from控制自己不做某事 The boy refrained from tears.男孩止住没哭 6. preliminary adj. coming bef ore or preparing for a more important action or event 预备的,初步的一 a preliminary exam初试n.usu.pl)sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things初步做法,准备工作- After a few polite preliminaries, we stated our main ideas.几句开场白后,我们陈述了主要观点。 7 quest[c] a long search for sth. that is difficult to find探寻,寻求,研究- the quest for gold 寻找金子 vi quest for: look for寻找,一般指狗的寻找,或者用于修辞,指到处寻找,为历时较 久的找寻 the quest for truth对真理的寻求 search搜身,在中搜寻,后面跟物,一般指找的地点,跟人,一般指搜身,其目的为找到东西 Search for搜寻,后面的宾语为搜寻的目的 They searched the woods( for the lost child)他们在森林里找寻(走失的孩子) 8 energetic adj full of energy; very active精力充沛的,充满活力的- I dont feel energetic enough to rush about, so Ill sit dow我感到没有力气东奔西跑,所以要坐下来 Energy n精力 Enervate v cause to lose strength使衰弱- a country with an enervating climate.其气候使人衰 弱无力的国家 9.conventional adj. based on some agreement about how people should act or behave in certain situations常规的,惯例的,传统的,守旧的- a few conventional remarks几句老生常谈 的话一 conventional art传统艺术 n. convention公认的标准,习俗,惯例,尤指行为— When men wore hats, convention required them to raise them when they met a women they kno Conventionality n.因袭,老式 tradition传说,意见,信仰,风俗的世代相传的传统 The stories of Robin hood are based mainly on tradition.罗宾汉的故事大多根据传说而来。 custom个人的习惯,社会的习俗 Social customs vary in different countries.社会风俗各国不同 customary adj合乎风俗习惯的 habit个人习惯,但是经常做,不轻易放弃 10.controversy [U, C] strong disagreement about sth, esp. that is important to, or influences, or is of interest to many people争议,争论- facts that are beyond controversy无可置辩的事 实- a bitter controversy over sth对..激烈的争论
5 --The rope broke under the strain. 绳被拉断了 vt.1 hurt or weaken (esp. a part of the body) by stretching too much or trying too hard 扭伤，损伤--strain a muscle/one’s heart 2. stretch sth. tightly by pulling 拉紧，绷紧—strain a rope to breaking-point 把绳子抓紧到快断 的地步 3. use to the greatest possible degree 尽力使用，使紧张--strain one’s eyes 全神贯 注的看 vi.1use all one's power, energy, etc. (to do sth.)竭力，尽全力-- She strained against the ropes which tied her. 她使劲挣扎试图使捆在她身上的绳子松开。 restrain vt hold back restrain…from 阻止去做某事，但是后面有反身代词，可以意思为克制 不做某事—If you can’t restrain your dog from biting the milkman, you must lock him up.如果你 不能阻止你的狗咬送奶人，你该把它关起来。--He is unable to restrain himself from getting excited.他控制不了自己，变的兴奋起来 refrain from 控制自己不做某事 The boy refrained from tears. 男孩止住没哭 6.preliminary adj. coming before or preparing for a more important action or event 预备的，初步的—a preliminary exam 初试 n. (usu. pl.) sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things 初步做法，准备工作-- After a few polite preliminaries, we stated our main ideas.几句开场白后，我们陈述了主要观点。 7quest [C] a long search for sth. that is difficult to find 探寻，寻求，研究—the quest for gold 寻找金子 vi.quest for :look for 寻找,一般指狗的寻找，或者用于修辞，指到处寻找，为历时较 久的找寻 the quest for truth 对真理的寻求 search 搜身，在…中搜寻,后面跟物，一般指找的地点，跟人，一般指搜身，其目的为找到东西。 Search for 搜寻，后面的宾语为搜寻的目的。 --They searched the woods (for the lost child)他们在森林里找寻（走失的孩子） 8energetic adj full of energy; very active 精力充沛的，充满活力的--I don't feel energetic enough to rush about, so I'll sit down.我感到没有力气东奔西跑，所以要坐下来。 Energy n.精力 Enervate v.cause to lose strength 使衰弱--a country with an enervating climate.其气候使人衰 弱无力的国家 9.conventional adj. based on some agreement about how people should act or behave in certain situations 常规的，惯例的，传统的,守旧的—a few conventional remarks 几句老生常谈 的话—conventional art 传统艺术 n. convention 公认的标准，习俗，惯例，尤指行为—When men wore hats, convention required them to raise them when they met a women they know. Conventionality n.因袭，老式 tradition 传说，意见，信仰，风俗的世代相传的传统 The stories of Robin hood are based mainly on tradition.罗宾汉的故事大多根据传说而来。 custom 个人的习惯,社会的习俗 Social customs vary in different countries.社会风俗各国不同 customary adj.合乎风俗习惯的 habit 个人习惯，但是经常做，不轻易放弃 10.controversy [U, C] strong disagreement about sth., esp. that is important to, or influences, or is of interest to many people 争议，争论—facts that are beyond controversy 无可置辩的事 实-- a bitter controversy over sth 对…激烈的争论
11.moral n pl) stand ards of behavior; principles of right and wrong行为标准,道德规 范;品行一 a man of loose morals品行不佳的人- improve the morals of a country改良一国的 风气2.[C] a practical lesson that a story, an event or an expenence teaches寓意-he moral of this story is that honesty is always the best policy.这个故事的寓意是诚实总是上策 You may draw your own moral from this你可以从这个找出你自己的教训。Adi. conceming principles of right and wrong道德的- moral standards道德标准 morale士气,风气 The army recovered its morale and fighting power.军队恢复了士气和战斗 力 12 mixture n.1.[C] a thing made by mixing混合物- His art is a mixture of many styles.他的艺 术是多种风格结合的产物。-(口) the mixture as before(手续,疗法)照以前一样,老方法2。 [U mixing or being mixed EEA-Mixture happens within five minutes of the liquids coming into contact液体互相接触后五分钟内即发生混合。 13. admission n. 1. [U] entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc if 进入,准许加入一 admission to school is by exam only就读学校必须考试。- Admission free 不收门票2.[c, U admitting承认,供认- make an admission of guilt认错-by/ on his own admission如他所承认的 admittance n.许可进入- No admittance except on business.闲人免进 14outlook1.[C](usu sing )a person's way of understanding and thinking about sth Ml f 法一 a man with a narrow outlook on life人生观险隘的人2.[C](usu.sing) the likely future situation HU 5-The outlook for the company seems fairly bright 这个公司的前景似乎相当光明 Overlookνt1忽视 overlook a printers error忽视了一个印刷错误2俯视 From my study window, I overlook the bay.从我的书房的窗户我可以俯瞰海湾 over-+vn/adi超过,越过,过量 overwork加班 overload超载 oversleep睡过头 overeat吃的过饱 反义词 under-不足,低于 underestimate低估 undertook从下面看 undermine在。。。下挖 15. attendance1.[C] the number of people present出席人数- There was a large attendance at church today.今天去教堂做礼拜的人很多。2.[U,C] action or time of being present到场,出 席,参加- The boy was given a prize for regular attendance.男孩获得全勤奖。3[U] the act of waiting on sb护理,照料 in attendance( on/upon) The nurse is in constant attend ance on the patient.那位护士一直护理着那个病人 Attendant n服务员,仆人(复)随从人员 16 session1.[C] a single continuous period spent in one activity(从事某项活动的)一段时间 a recording session录音时间2.[c] any of periods of time that a teaching year or day is divided into, or the teaching year itse学年:学期;上课时间 The session begins on1 October 学期在10月1日开始。 17 utmost[U] the greatest, furthest or most extreme degree or point极限,最大限度一dory one' s utmost竭尽全力- Our endurance was tested to the utmost
6 11.moral n. 1. (pl.) standards of behavior; principles of right and wrong 行为标准，道德规 范；品行—a man of loose morals 品行不佳的人—improve the morals of a country 改良一国的 风气 2. [C] a practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches 寓意--The moral of this story is that honesty is always the best policy.这个故事的寓意是诚实总是上策。 --You may draw your own moral from this.你可以从这个找出你自己的教训。 Adi. concerning principles of right and wrong 道德的—moral standards 道德标准 morale 士气，风气 The army recovered its morale and fighting power.军队恢复了士气和战斗 力。 12.mixture n. 1. [C] a thing made by mixing 混合物--His art is a mixture of many styles.他的艺 术是多种风格结合的产物。--(口) the mixture as before(手续，疗法)照以前一样，老方法 2。. [U] mixing or being mixed 混合--Mixture happens within five minutes of the liquids coming into contact.液体互相接触后五分钟内即发生混合。 13.admission n. 1. [U] entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc.允许 进入，准许加入—admission to school is by exam only.就读学校必须考试。--Admission Free 不收门票 2. [C, U] admitting 承认，供认—make an admission of guilt 认错—by/on his own admission 如他所承认的 admittance n. 许可进入--No admittance except on business.闲人免进 14outlook1. [C] (usu. sing.) a person's way of understanding and thinking about sth.观点，看 法—a man with a narrow outlook on life 人生观险隘的人 2. [C] (usu. sing.) the likely future situation 前景--The outlook for the company seems fairly bright. 这个公司的前景似乎相当光明。 Overlook vt.1 忽视 overlook a printer’s error 忽视了一个印刷错误 2 俯视 From my study window,I overlook the bay.从我的书房的窗户我可以俯瞰海湾 over-+v/n/adj 超过，越过，过量 overwork 加班 overload 超载 oversleep 睡过头 overeat 吃的过饱 反义词 under-不足，低于 underestimate 低估 underlook 从下面看 undermine 在。。。下挖 15．attendance1. [C] the number of people present 出席人数—There was a large attendance at church today.今天去教堂做礼拜的人很多。2. [U, C] action or time of being present 到场，出 席，参加 –-The boy was given a prize for regular attendance.男孩获得全勤奖。3.[U] the act of waiting on sb.护理，照料 in attendance(on/upon) The nurse is in constant attendance on the patient.那位护士一直护理着那个病人。 Attendant n.服务员，仆人（复）随从人员 16.session1. [C] a single continuous period spent in one activity(从事某项活动的) 一段时间 —a recording session 录音时间 2. [C] any of periods of time that a teaching year or day is divided into, or the teaching year itself 学年；学期；上课时间 The session begins on 1 October. 学期在 10 月 1 日开始。 17utmost[U] the greatest, furthest or most extreme degree or point 极限，最大限度—do/try one’s utmost 竭尽全力--Our endurance was tested to the utmost
我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验。Adj. the greatest; the most possible 最大的,极度的 -of the utmost importance极度重要 18Worthwhile adj worth doing; worth the money, time or effort that is spent 值得(做)的 She considers teaching a worthwhile career.她认为教书是一件值得做的工作 Worth adj.1。值 It's not w 它的价值不会超过两英镑 it is worth照原来的样子 That' s the news i heard- pass it on to you for what it is worth那是 我听来的消息一我照原来的样子告诉你。2。拥有的 what the old man worth?那个老人有多少财 ?3 be worth doing值得的 This book is well worth reading books of great worth有很大价值的书 worthy adj1。 be worthy of sth/to be sth nothing worthy of mention乏善可陈2。可敬的-a worthy gentleman可敬的绅士n名士,大人物 19. outset[u the beginning开端,开始- at/from the outset在开始时 at the outset of his career 20. optimistic adj expecting the best; confident乐观的,有信心的- .The experts are optimistic about our chances of success专家们对我们成功的可能性持乐观态度。 optimism n乐观 optimist n乐观主义者 pessimism悲观主义 pessimist悲观主义者 pessimistic悲观的 optimum n.(用作定语)最佳,最适宜的 the optimum temperature for the growth of plants对 植物生长的最佳温度 21 ruitful adj having many good results; successful有成果的,成功的一 a fruitful career成功的 事业- fruitful dis cussions卓有成效的讨论 fruitless无结果的 fruitless efforts徒劳 22。 faculty1.[c] the people who teach in a school or a college全体教员 He joined the faculty of Columbia University.他成了哥伦比亚大学的一名教员2.[c] the special ability to do sth能 力,才能,资质- the faculty of speech口才- kept my mental and critical faculties alive.我保 持着敏锐的思维能力和评判能力 23. campus [U, c] the buildings of a large school, college or university and the land that surrounds them校区,校园- on the college campus在大学校园- -the main campus校本部 24 insult n&v. speak or act in a way that hurts the feelings or dignity of sb. be extremely rude tosb侮辱,辱骂_ Don't take it as an insult if i go to sleep during your speech; Im very tired.如 果我在你演讲时睡着了,别把那当作侮辱,我太累了 Curse n&v. an impolite word or words used to express anger诅咒,咒骂- He missed the ba and cursed violently.他没有接住球,便破口咒骂 v Phrases and expressions 1 see sb/ sth as- consider sb.orst.tobe认为某人或某物是…… Her classmates see her as a future president她的同学们把她看作是未来的总统
7 我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验。 Adj. the greatest; the most possible 最大的，极度的—of the utmost importance 极度重要 18Worthwhile adj. worth doing; worth the money, time or effort that is spent 值得（做）的 She considers teaching a worthwhile career.她认为教书是一件值得做的工作。 Worth adj.1。值 It’s not worth more than 2 pounds.它的价值不会超过两英镑 for what it is worth 照原来的样子 That’s the news I heard—I pass it on to you for what it is worth 那是 我听来的消息—我照原来的样子告诉你。2。拥有的 what the old man worth?那个老人有多少财 产？ 3.be worth doing 值得的 This book is well worth reading. n. [u]价值 books of great worth 有很大价值的书 worthy adj.1。 be worthy of sth/to be sth nothing worthy of mention 乏善可陈 2。可敬的 –a worthy gentleman 可敬的绅士 n 名士，大人物 19.outset[U] the beginning 开端，开始 –at/from the outset 在开始时 at the outset of his career 20.optimistic adj expecting the best; confident 乐观的，有信心的--The experts are optimistic about our chances of success.专家们对我们成功的可能性持乐观态度。optimism n.乐观 optimist n.乐观主义者 pessimism 悲观主义 pessimist 悲观主义者 pessimistic 悲观的 optimum n.（用作定语）最佳，最适宜的 the optimum temperature for the growth of plants 对 植物生长的最佳温度 21fruitful adj having many good results; successful 有成果的，成功的—a fruitful career 成功的 事业--fruitful discussions 卓有成效的讨论 fruitless 无结果的 fruitless efforts 徒劳 22。faculty 1. [C] the people who teach in a school or a college 全体教员 He joined the faculty of Columbia University.他成了哥伦比亚大学的一名教员 2. [C] the special ability to do sth.能 力，才能，资质—the faculty of speech 口才--I kept my mental and critical faculties alive.我保 持着敏锐的思维能力和评判能力 23。campus [U, C] the buildings of a large school, college or university and the land that surrounds them 校区，校园—on the college campus 在大学校园--the main campus 校本部 24.insult n&v. speak or act in a way that hurts the feelings or dignity of sb.; be extremely rude to sb.侮辱，辱骂--Don't take it as an insult if I go to sleep during your speech; I'm very tired.如 果我在你演讲时睡着了，别把那当作侮辱，我太累了。 Curse n&v. an impolite word or words used to express anger 诅咒，咒骂-- He missed the ball and cursed violently.他没有接住球，便破口咒骂。 v.Phrases and expressions 1.see sb/sth as-- consider sb. or sth. to be 认为某人或某物是……Her classmates see her as a future President.她的同学们把她看作是未来的总统
see sb of送(在机场,码头) see over sth i f see over the house that you want to buy see to sth注意,留心 This machine is out of order; get a mechanic to see to it 2. spread sth to(cause sth to) become widely known (it)ftfi-We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends.我们受托把这消息传达给我们所有的朋友 Spread sth on sth; spread sth with sth涂敷 spread butter on bread涂奶油在面包上 3 be scheduled to be arranged to do被安排,定于- The train is scheduled to arrive at8:45, but it's running twenty minutes late.这列火车预定于8:45到达,但是它晚点了20分钟。 4. over protest. despite opposition在有异议的情况下- She paid the fine over protest她极不 情愿地交付了罚款。 make/ lodgelenter a protest against sth(对某事)提出抗议 5. complete with including; fully supplied with包括,备有- He wore the whole rabbit outfit complete with teeth他穿了一整套装扮成兔子的衣服,齐全得连牙齿都有 Compete with/against sb/sth for sth 与某人竞争来获得某物 we try to make the trains run on time, but we cant compete with/against the weather.我们努力使火车运行准点,但 是我们却抗争不过天气 compete in参加比赛 These circumstances have enabled us to compete successfully in the open markets of the world这些条件使我们能在世界自由市场上竞争获胜 6. work out 1. plan, develop or produce by a process of thought 计划,设计,想出- We ll work out our schedule我们将制定出一份时间表。2. find the answer to sth解决难题,找到……的方法- cannot work out this problem- At your age, you should be able to work out your own future.在你这个年龄,你应该能够决定自己的前途 Work away( at sth)继续工作 he's been working away at this job since breakfast. Work sth in/into iiiA. Can you work in a jokes in your story? Work on/upon激起,影响 Will the figures for unemployment work on the conscience of the Govermment?失业数字会使政府良心不安吗? 7 kind of slightly; to some extent有点,有几分- It was kind of strange to see him again.再见 到他有点奇怪 Of a kind1. very much- The friends were two of a kind- - very similar in many ways.这对朋友 在很多方面都很相似。2。 Of poor quality(含有轻蔑的意思)徒有其名的 They gave us coffee of a kind他们给我们劣质的咖啡 a kind of(infm)有点,表示不太确定 I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating我有点怀 疑他在欺骗 8 spend sth on sth/ Ispend (in) doing sth use time or mony for a purpose在…上花金钱,精 力或时间 A lot of money has been spent on the new building consume消耗,宾语为吃,喝,用的东西 He consumed6eggs. expend为消耗其中的一部分,常与in,on,连用,是 spend的正式用法
8 see sb off 送（在机场，码头） see over sth 调查 see over the house that you want to buy see to sth 注意，留心 This machine is out of order;get a mechanic to see to it. 2.spread sth to (cause sth. to) become widely known（使）传播--We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends.我们受托把这消息传达给我们所有的朋友。 Spread sth on sth;spread sth with sth 涂敷 spread butter on bread 涂奶油在面包上 3.be scheduled to be arranged to do 被安排，定于-- The train is scheduled to arrive at 8:45, but it's running twenty minutes late.这列火车预定于 8:45 到达，但是它晚点了 20 分钟。 4. over protest. despite opposition 在有异议的情况下-- She paid the fine over protest.她极不 情愿地交付了罚款。 make/lodge/enter a protest against sth（对某事）提出抗议 5. complete with including; fully supplied with 包括，备有-- He wore the whole rabbit outfit, complete with teeth.他穿了一整套装扮成兔子的衣服，齐全得连牙齿都有。 Compete with/against sb/sth for sth 与某人竞争来获得某物 we try to make the trains run on time,but we can’t compete with/against the weather.我们努力使火车运行准点，但 是我们却抗争不过天气。 compete in 参加比赛 These circumstances have enabled us to compete successfully in the open markets of the world.这些条件使我们能在世界自由市场上竞争获胜。 6. work out 1.plan, develop or produce by a process of thought 计划，设计，想出-- We'll work out our schedule.我们将制定出一份时间表。2. find the answer to sth.解决难题，找到... ...的方法 –-I cannot work out this problem-- At your age, you should be able to work out your own future.在你这个年龄，你应该能够决定自己的前途。 Work away (at sth)继续工作 he’s been working away at this job since breakfast. Work sth in/into 插入. Can you work in a jokes in your story? Work on/upon 激起，影响 Will the figures for unemployment work on the conscience of the Government?失业数字会使政府良心不安吗？ 7.kind of slightly; to some extent 有点，有几分--It was kind of strange to see him again.再见 到他有点奇怪。 Of a kind 1.very much –The friends were two of a kind---very similar in many ways.这对朋友 在很多方面都很相似。 2。Of poor quality（含有轻蔑的意思）徒有其名的 They gave us coffee of a kind.他们给我们劣质的咖啡 a kind of(infml.)有点，表示不太确定 I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.我有点怀 疑他在欺骗 8.spend sth on sth /spend (in)doing sth use time or mony for a purpose 在…上花金钱，精 力或时间 A lot of money has been spent on the new building. consume 消耗，宾语为吃，喝，用的东西 He consumed 6 eggs. expend 为消耗其中的一部分，常与 in,on,连用，是 spend 的正式用法
VI Vocabulary and Structure 1. They are so diligent in their studies that they their sleeps and meals igno C. overlook neglect为未给某事应有的或足够的重视,根据此句,意思是过分重视学习而对寝食重视不够, 所以选A; ignore为装着不知道或没有看见而不给予理睬; overlook为由于匆忙或者没有注意到 而忽视: disregard认为某事不重要而故意忽视 2.A new technique_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent A. working out C. having been worked ou D. to have been worked 3. Police the building but couldnt find the escape A quested C. searched for D. researched 4. In the mid-seventies Americans about 17million barrels of oil daily C expended 5. He was clever enough to the mathematics scholarship A complete with B complete for C compete for D compete with was Ioms to get up early and go for a walk before breakfast B habit C. convention D. cust 7.I could hardly_ my ears when I saw my father A restrict B restrain C restore D retain restrict限制 restore归还,恢复,重建 retain保持,聘用 8. I paid only $300 for this used car, but it,s much more B, worthwhile C. worthy D. worthless(无价值的) VIl. Language Points 1. The Hyde School operates on the principle that * (Para. 1) Meaning: The Hyde school is run on the principle that 2. then academic achievement naturally follows.(Para. 1) Meanin hen the students will naturally make their academic achievements 3. Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the $18,000-a-year high school in Bath, Maine, which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters.( Para. 1) Meaning: Joseph Gauld, the founder of the Hyde School, declares that the program at the high school in Bath, Maine is successful. The school, which charges a student $18, 000 per year has drawn considerable attention from the public and news media because of its successful work with troub led students 4. We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of life- by cultivating a
9 VI. Vocabulary and Structure 1.They are so diligent in their studies that they ______their sleeps and meals. A. neglect B. ignore C. overlook D. disregard neglect 为未给某事应有的或足够的重视，根据此句，意思是过分重视学习而对寝食重视不够， 所以选 A; ignore 为装着不知道或没有看见而不给予理睬；overlook 为由于匆忙或者没有注意到 而忽视；disregard 认为某事不重要而故意忽视。 2.A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. A. working out B. having worked out C. having been worked out D. to have been worked 3.Police _______the building but couldn’t find the escape. A. quested B. searched C. searched for D .researched 4.In the mid-seventies Americans _____about 17million barrels of oil daily. A consumed B. spent C expended D. resumed 5.He was clever enough to ______the mathematics scholarship. A complete with B complete for C compete for D compete with 6.It was Tom’s ________to get up early and go for a walk before breakfast. A. tradition B habit C. convention D. custom 7.I could hardly ____my ears when I saw my father. A restrict B restrain C restore D retain restrict 限制 restore 归还，恢复，重建 retain 保持，聘用 8. I paid only $300 for this used car, but it’s _____much more. A. worth B .worthwhile C. worthy D. worthless(无价值的) VII. Language Points 1. The Hyde School operates on the principle that … (Para. 1) Meaning: The Hyde School is run on the principle that … 2. then academic achievement naturally follows. (Para. 1) Meaning: … then the students will naturally make their academic achievements. 3. Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the $18,000-a-year high school in Bath, Maine, which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters. (Para. 1) Meaning: Joseph Gauld, the founder of the Hyde School, declares that the program at the high school in Bath, Maine is successful. The school, which charges a student $18,000 per year, has drawn considerable attention from the public and news media because of its successful work with troubled students. 4. We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of life — by cultivating a
comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids.(Para. 2) Meaning: We think our duty is to prepare students for a way of life -by teaching them a complete set of principles that can influence all students 5. Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public, inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach.(Para. 3) Meaning: Now Joe Gauld is trying to spread his idea that character comes first -an idea that has caused much public discussion and disagreement to inner-city public schools which used to spend the tax dollars on a traditional program but now are willing to spend the money on the new program Note that Joe stands for Joseph. This is the so-called"pet name-a name that is given to someone whom one specially likes or loves, used instead of that person s real name. Other examples are Rick standing for Richard, Tom standing for Tommy, Bill standing for William, 6. Within months the program was suspended.( Para. 3) Meaning: Within months the program stopped 7. Teachers protested the program's demands and the strain associated with more intense work. (Para. 3) Meaning: Teachers said they didnt like the program's demands(which are probably too high) and the stress that came from more intense work Please notice that in American English"protest"is used without a preposition They protested the govemment' s handling of the situation.他们反对政府处理局势的手法。 Compare: The students have been protesting against the government' s decision.学生们一直在抗议政府 的决定。 8. Other Us school managers are eyeing the program, too.(Para. 4) Meaning: Other Us school managers are greatly interested in the program, too. eye: vt. look at sb. or sth closely Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project.许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展。 She eyed him with suspicion.她怀疑地看着他 9. Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school .e over parents' protests(Para. 4) Meaning: Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a program that drew much attention spite of protests from parents 10. As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. (Para. 5) Meaning: The search for truth is prevailing in Maine, and the same thing happens at the school Please note that here" as"is used to compare situations(or sometimes actions)by saying that they are similar. For example In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in cooking.与在意大利一样,在希腊,人们做饭 时用很多橄榄油 11. the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale.(Para. 5)
10 comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids. (Para. 2) Meaning: We think our duty is to prepare students for a way of life — by teaching them a complete set of principles that can influence all students. 5. Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public, inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach. (Para. 3) Meaning: Now Joe Gauld is trying to spread his idea that character comes first —an idea that has caused much public discussion and disagreement — to inner-city public schools which used to spend the tax dollars on a traditional program but now are willing to spend the money on the new program. Note that Joe stands for Joseph. This is the so-called “pet name” — a name that is given to someone whom one specially likes or loves, used instead of that person’s real name. Other examples are Rick standing for Richard, Tom standing for Tommy, Bill standing for William, etc. 6. Within months the program was suspended. (Para. 3) Meaning: Within months the program stopped 7. Teachers protested the program's demands and the strain associated with more intense work.(Para. 3) Meaning: Teachers said they didn’t like the program's demands (which are probably too high) and the stress that came from more intense work. Please notice that in American English “protest” is used without a preposition. They protested the government's handling of the situation. 他们反对政府处理局势的手法。 . Compare: The students have been protesting against the government's decision. 学生们一直在抗议政府 的决定。 8. Other US school managers are eyeing the program, too. (Para. 4) Meaning: Other US school managers are greatly interested in the program, too. eye: vt. look at sb. or sth. closely Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project. 许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展。 She eyed him with suspicion. 她怀疑地看着他。 9. Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school … over parents' protests (Para. 4) Meaning: Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a program that drew much attention … in spite of protests from parents. 10. As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. (Para. 5) Meaning: The search for truth is prevailing in Maine, and the same thing happens at the school in Connecticut. Please note that here “as” is used to compare situations (or sometimes actions) by saying that they are similar. For example: In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in cooking. 与在意大利一样，在希腊，人们做饭 时用很多橄榄油。 11. …the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale. (Para. 5)