Unit four Section A: Five Famous Symbols of American Culture ●warm- up activities: 1. What are the symbols of American Culture that you have heard about? 2. What can you imagine to be the reasons why the Statue of Liberty was built? 3. What else can you say about the symbols of American culture and Chinese culture? o Background Information Barbie doll Uncle sam American gothic Bufalo Nickel Text Structure Analysis Five symbols of American culture 1 The statue of Liberty(Para. 1-4) 2: Who created the Statue of liberty and what was he? When? What is the purpose to create the statue? What do we know about the creator? How did he create the Statue of liberty? When did the creator finish the statue? how did he like the statue 2) Barbie Doll(Para.5-10) 0: Who created Barbie Doll? How was Barbie Doll created? How do people feel about Barbie? 3)American Gothic(Para. 11-14) 2: Why is American Gothic so famous around the United States? How do people feel about this painting? 4 The Buffalo Nickel(Para. 15-18) 0: What do we know about American coins? Who created the Buffalo nickel? How and why was the buffalo nickel created?
Unit Four Section A: Five Famous Symbols of American Culture ⚫ Warm-up Activities: 1. What are the symbols of American Culture that you have heard about? 2. What can you imagine to be the reasons why the Statue of Liberty was built? 3. What else can you say about the symbols of American culture and Chinese culture? ⚫ Background Information Barbie Doll Uncle Sam American Gothic Buffalo Nickel ⚫ Text Structure Analysis Five symbols of American culture: 1) The Statue of Liberty (Para. 1-4) Q: Who created the Statue of Liberty and what was he? When? What is the purpose to create the statue? What do we know about the creator? How did he create the Statue of Liberty? When did the creator finish the statue? How did he like the statue? 2) Barbie Doll (Para.5-10) Q: Who created Barbie Doll? How was Barbie Doll created? How do people feel about Barbie? 3) American Gothic (Para. 11-14) Q: Why is American Gothic so famous around the United States? How do people feel about this painting? 4) The Buffalo Nickel (Para. 15-18) Q: What do we know about American coins? Who created the Buffalo nickel? How and why was the Buffalo nickel created?
5)Uncle sam Para19-22) 2: What is the origin of Uncle Sam? How did the portrait of Uncle Sam come to be known? (Game: Draw a political cartoon of Uncle sam) Writing skilll: Time order时间顺序 叙述文、说明文往往可以按时间顺序组织文章。它是按事件发生、发展的时间先后顺 序来编排细节的表达方式。时间过渡词是连接各事件,使其逻辑连贯的关键。写作中, 往往会出现以下现象: I got up. I brushed my teeth. I had my breakfast.”描述平淡无味, 重复过多,缺少层次,不妨改为:“ After I got up and brushed my teeth, I had my breakfast 用好过渡词是学生练习写作的重要部分 时间过渡词有:frst, second, after that,now,next,then, finally, the minute, as soon as,no sooner.than, later on, afterward, years ago, earlier, before, meanwhile, as, immediately, while, thereafter, in the past, former, latter, not).until, etc See sample composition in Structured Writing(Unit 4, Book 3) o Tell a story in time order by completing the following paragraph with given words. on New Years Eve during the Spring Festival days before the New year in the evening (1),peoplebecomebusyshoppingandcleaningtherhousesforthe celebration of the festival.(2) many people decorate their houses every family has its big reunion d inner and many stay up late for the coming of the new year. (4) clothes and new shoes. Young people go to greet their elders, wishing them good luck and good health, and (5) the elders usually give them red packets stuffed with" lucky money people meet their relatives and friends. They greet one another with good luck 1. Days before the New year 2. On New Y ear's Eve 3. In the evening 4. On New Year's Day 5. then 6. During the Spring Festival ● Word study 1. liberty n.l.[U] freedom from captivity, slavery or oppressive control自由、自由权 They gave their children a great deal of liberty.他们给孩子很大自由 -The prisoner was given his liberty and allowed to leave the prison 这个犯人获得了自由,被释放出狱 2.[C,U](fml) the right or permission to do or use sth许可、淮许 You are at liberty to say what you like.你尽可畅所欲言 3. [C] speech or behavior that lacks respect or does not follow what is thought to be polite 放肆,无礼,冒昧行为 I took the liberty of borrowing your lawn-mower while you were away 你不在的时候我擅自借用了你的除草机 She told him to stop taking liberties, i.e. treating her with too much familiarit 她告诉他不要太随便了(对她过分亲昵) 2. alliance n. [C, U] a group of counties, political parties or people who have agreed to work
5) Uncle Sam ( Para.19-22) Q: What is the origin of Uncle Sam? How did the portrait of Uncle Sam come to be known? (Game: Draw a political cartoon of Uncle Sam) ⚫ Writing Skill: Time Order 时间顺序 叙述文、说明文往往可以按时间顺序组织文章。它是按事件发生、发展的时间先后顺 序来编排细节的表达方式。时间过渡词是连接各事件，使其逻辑连贯的关键。写作中， 往往会出现以下现象：“I got up. I brushed my teeth. I had my breakfast…” 描述平淡无味， 重复过多, 缺少层次，不妨改为：“After I got up and brushed my teeth, I had my breakfast.” 用好过渡词是学生练习写作的重要部分。 时间过渡词有：first, second, after that, now, next, then, finally, the minute, as soon as, no sooner…than, later on, afterward, years ago, earlier, before, meanwhile, as, immediately, while, thereafter, in the past, former, latter, ( not ) ...until, etc. See sample composition in Structured Writing (Unit4, Book 3) ⚫ Tell a story in time order by completing the following paragraph with given words. on New Year’s Day on New Year’s Eve during the Spring Festival days before the New year in the evening then (1)________________ , people become busy shopping and cleaning their houses for the celebration of the festival. (2)________________ , many people decorate their houses. (3)______________, every family has its big reunion dinner and many stay up late for the coming of the new year. (4)_____________________, people usually go up early, put on new clothes and new shoes. Young people go to greet their elders, wishing them good luck and good health, and (5)_______ the elders usually give them red packets stuffed with “lucky money”. (6)________________, people meet their relatives and friends. They greet one another with good luck. 1. Days before the New Year 2. On New Year’s Eve 3. In the evening 4. On New Year’s Day 5. then 6. During the Spring Festival ⚫ Word Study 1. liberty n. 1. [U]freedom from captivity, slavery or oppressive control 自由、自由权 ---They gave their children a great deal of liberty. 他们给孩子很大自由. ---The prisoner was given his liberty and allowed to leave the prison. 这个犯人获得了自由，被释放出狱。 2. [C，U]（fml.）the right or permission to do or use sth.许可、准许 ---You are at liberty to say what you like. 你尽可畅所欲言. 3. [C] speech or behavior that lacks respect or does not follow what is thought to be polite 放肆,无礼, 冒昧行为 ---I took the liberty of borrowing your lawn-mower while you were away. 你不在的时候我擅自借用了你的除草机. ---She told him to stop taking liberties, i.e. treating her with too much familiarity. 她告诉他不要太随便了(对她过分亲昵). 2. alliance n. [C,U] a group of counties, political parties or people who have agreed to work
together because of the same interests or aims同盟,联盟 States seek to become stronger through alliance.各国力求通过结盟而更加强大 We are working in alliance with our foreign partners我们与外国合伙人联合工作 ally v.与(某人,某事物)结盟,联盟或联姻 Britain has allied itself with other western powers for trade and defence 英国与其他西方强国结成了贸易及防御联盟 3. approve vI say, show or feel that sth. is good赞成,称许 She doesnt want to take her new boy-friend home in case her parents don t approve of him.她不愿把新男友带回家,生怕父母看不中他 I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please dont neglect your studies 我同意你去挣些钱可是请不要耽误了功课 vt. accept, permit or officially agree to(sth)批准,同意 The minutes of the last meeting were approved.上次会议纪录已经获得通过 The aud itors approved the company's accounts.审计员核准了公司的账目 approval n.赞成认可,同意,满意 Do the plans meet with your approval?这些计划你赞成吗? disapprove v.不赞成,反对 She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove ofher intentions 她想当演员,但她父母不赞成 .Animal conservationists disapprove of experimenting on animals 动物保护主义者不赞成用动物做试验 4. affection n.1.[UC] feeling of fond ness喜爱 -He felt great affection for her sister:他很疼他的妹妹 The old king was held in great affection.年老的国王极受爱戴 2.(pl)love爱情,爱慕之心 - I tried to win her affections.我尽力讨她的欢心 5. assemble vt.l. fit together( the parts of sth)组装装配 The bookcase can easily be assembled with a screwdriver 这书柜用一把螺丝刀就可以容易地安装起来 2. come together, collect(使)集合,(使)聚集 - The whole school assembled in the main hall全校在大礼堂集合 ---All the people assembled at Marys house 所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。 assembly n.1.集合机会,参加集会的人们 The national assembly has met to discuss the crisis.国民大会已对危机进行了讨论 Morning assembly is held in the school hall晨会在学校礼堂举行 2.装配安装 The assembly of cars is often done by machines.汽车常由机器装配 Each component is carefully checked before assembly 每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查 6. exaggerate v.make( (sth )seem larger; more mportant, better or worse than it really is夸张,夸大 He always exaggerates to make his stories more amusing 他总爱添枝加叶把故事讲得更有趣 That dress exaggerates her height.她穿那件连衣裙显得高了 7. version n. 1. [C]a thing which is based on sth. else but which has some details that are
together because of the same interests or aims 同盟, 联盟 ----States seek to become stronger through alliance. 各国力求通过结盟而更加强大 ---We are working in alliance with our foreign partners.我们与外国合伙人联合工作 ally v. 与(某人,某事物)结盟,联盟或联姻 ----Britain has allied itself with other western powers for trade and defence. 英国与其他西方强国结成了贸易及防御联盟. 3. approve vi. say, show or feel that sth. is good 赞成,称许 ---She doesn’t want to take her new boy-friend home in case her parents don’t approve of him. 她不愿把新男友带回家, 生怕父母看不中他. ---I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣些钱,可是请不要耽误了功课 vt. accept, permit or officially agree to (sth.) 批准,同意 ---The minutes of the last meeting were approved. 上次会议纪录已经获得通过 ---The auditors approved the company’s accounts. 审计员核准了公司的账目 approval n. 赞成,认可,同意,满意 ---Do the plans meet with your approval? 这些计划你赞成吗? disapprove v. 不赞成,反对 ---She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove of her intentions. 她想当演员,但她父母不赞成 ---Animal conservationists disapprove of experimenting on animals. 动物保护主义者不赞成用动物做试验。 4. affection n. 1. [U,C] feeling of fondness 喜爱 ---He felt great affection for her sister. 他很疼他的妹妹 ---The old king was held in great affection. 年老的国王极受爱戴 2. (pl.)love 爱情, 爱慕之心 ---I tried to win her affections. 我尽力讨她的欢心. 5. assemble vt. 1. fit together( the parts of sth.) 组装,装配 ---The bookcase can easily be assembled with a screwdriver. 这书柜用一把螺丝刀就可以容易地安装起来. 2. come together, collect (使)集合, (使) 聚集 ---The whole school assembled in the main hall. 全校在大礼堂集合 ---All the people assembled at Mary's house. 所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。 assembly n. 1. 集合,机会,参加集会的人们 ---The national assembly has met to discuss the crisis. 国民大会已对危机进行了讨论 ---Morning assembly is held in the school hall. 晨会在学校礼堂举行 2. 装配,安装 ---The assembly of cars is often done by machines. 汽车常由机器装配 ---Each component is carefully checked before assembly. 每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查 6. exaggerate v. make(sth.)seem larger, more important, better or worse than it really is 夸张,夸大 ---He always exaggerates to make his stories more amusing. 他总爱添枝加叶,把故事讲得更有趣. ---That dress exaggerates her height. 她穿那件连衣裙显得高了 7. version n. 1.[C]a thing which is based on sth. else but which has some details that are
different版本版号 the original version of the play该话剧的原版 the film version of Jane eyre《简爱》电影版 - an illustrated version of the poems这些诗的插图版本 2.[C] an account of an event,etc. from the point of view of one person叙述,说法 There were contradictory versions of what happened.对于发生的事说法相互矛盾 i have heard two versions of the accident.我已经听到关于这个事故的两种说法了。 8. universal a.1. concerning all members of a group全体的,致的,普遍的 Television provides universal entertainment.电视提供的是大众的娱乐 War causes universal misery.战争给所有人带来苦难 2.(done, found,etc.) ) in all parts of the world宇宙的,全世界的 - He made a universal travel before he went in hospital!他进医院之前做了一次全球旅行 9. interpretation n.l.UC] an explanation or understand ing of sth.解释,说明,描述 - hese facts may be given many possible interpretations.这些事实可作多种解释 What interpretation would you place on them?你对这些作何解释? 2. [U, C] making clear or bringing out the meaning of (a character, music, etc. (表演、演奏的)艺术处理,演绎 10. solemn a. 1. made, done, etc. seriously; having a sense of religious- like importance 庄严的,肃穆的 The solemn statement of the central government on this issue was featured in full in the newspapers各报全文刊登了中央政府对这个问题的庄严声明。 2. serious-looking, grave严肃的 ---He looked so solemn that we stopped talking and waited for his speech 他看起来是那么严肃,以至于我们停止交谈,听他说 Her solemn face told them that the news was bad.她严肃的表情告诉他们那是坏消息 11. inspire vt 1. give sb. a feeling of wanting and being able to do sth. good, create a work of art,etc.给以灵感 ---His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts 他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力 The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetr 英格兰湖区的美景给了华兹华斯灵感而创作出他最伟大的诗篇 2. fill sb. with confidence or eagerness, esp. so that they feel they can achieve sth difficult or special鼓舞,激励 I was inspired to work harder than ever before 我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作 Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence 我们一见到那旅店昏暗肮脏,心里就很不痛快 12. grave a.1. of people) sad or serious(指人)表情严肃的端庄的 His face was grave as he told them about the bankruptc of his business 他把他的商行破产的事告诉他们时脸色十分凝重。 ybad严重的 This could have grave consequences.这会造成严重后果 There is a grave risk of flooding有闹水灾的极大危险 n [C]a place where a dead person is buried, esp. when under the ground and marked by a stone坟墓,墓穴 - You cant go out dressed like that. It's enough to make your grandmother turn in her
different 版本,版号 ---the original version of the play 该话剧的原版 ---the film version of Jane Eyre 《简爱》电影版 ---an illustrated version of the poems 这些诗的插图版本 2. [C] an account of an event, etc. from the point of view of one person 叙述,说法 ---There were contradictory versions of what happened. 对于发生的事说法相互矛盾 ---I have heard two versions of the accident.我已经听到关于这个事故的两种说法了。 8. universal a. 1. concerning all members of a group 全体的,一致的,普遍的 ---Television provides universal entertainment. 电视提供的是大众的娱乐 ---War causes universal misery. 战争给所有人带来苦难 2. (done, found, etc.) in all parts of the world 宇宙的, 全世界的 ---He made a universal travel before he went in hospital. 他进医院之前做了一次全球旅行 9. interpretation n. 1. [U,C] an explanation or understanding of sth. 解释,说明, 描述 ---These facts may be given many possible interpretations.这些事实可作多种解释 ---What interpretation would you place on them? 你对这些作何解释? 2. [U,C] making clear or bringing out the meaning of (a character, music, etc.) （表演、演奏的）艺术处理，演绎 10. solemn a. 1. made, done, etc. seriously; having a sense of religious-like importance 庄严的, 肃穆的 ---The solemn statement of the central government on this issue was featured in full in the newspapers.各报全文刊登了中央政府对这个问题的庄严声明。 2. serious-looking; grave 严肃的 ---He looked so solemn that we stopped talking and waited for his speech. 他看起来是那么严肃, 以至于我们停止交谈, 听他说 ---Her solemn face told them that the news was bad. 她严肃的表情告诉他们那是坏消息 11. inspire vt.1. give sb. a feeling of wanting and being able to do sth. good, create a work of art, etc. 给……以灵感 ---His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力 ---The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry. 英格兰湖区的美景给了华兹华斯灵感而创作出他最伟大的诗篇. 2. fill sb. with confidence or eagerness, esp. so that they feel they can achieve sth. difficult or special 鼓舞, 激励 ---I was inspired to work harder than ever before. 我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。 ---Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence. 我们一见到那旅店昏暗肮脏, 心里就很不痛快. 12. grave a. 1. (of people) sad or serious (指人)表情严肃的,端庄的 ---His face was grave as he told them about the bankruptc of his business. 他把他的商行破产的事告诉他们时脸色十分凝重。 2. seriously bad 严重的 ---This could have grave consequences. 这会造成严重后果. ---There is a grave risk of flooding.有闹水灾的极大危险. n. [C] a place where a dead person is buried, esp. when under the ground and marked by a stone 坟墓,墓穴 ---You can’t go out dressed like that. It’s enough to make your grandmother turn in her
!你别穿戴成这样出去,那会让你祖母躺在坟墓里也不得安宁 13. alongside prep. Beside; together with在.旁边;和 - he car drew up alongside the kerb.小汽车在路边停下来 The dog sat alongside its master:狗坐在主人旁边 ad. along the side在旁边,并排地 He returned, find ing a boat mooring alongside.回来时他发现有条小船停靠在一旁 14. stretch vt.1. make sth. longer, wider or tighter by pulling拉长,拉紧,伸展 . The hat is small for John. so he stretched it to fit his head 这顶帽子对于约翰来说小了,于是他把帽子撑一撑以便戴着合适. In some tropical regions small boats used to be made of skins stretched over a wooden frame过去有些热带地区小船是用兽皮绷在一个木头框子上造成的。 2. cause to go as far as possible or beyond the usual limit使尽全力,到(超过)…的极限 You can' t stretch the rules to suit yourself你不能为你自己而牵强附会解释这些规章 - He stretched the truth by say ing he achieved great success in the U. S 他说自己在美国很成功的说法其实是言过其实了 3. extend and thrust out伸展,伸长(身体或四肢) - -He stretched his legs in front of him他往前伸腿。 - I stretched out my hand towards the book.我把手伸向这本书。 vi( a piece of land or water,etc) spread over a large area or distance扩展,延伸,延续 The road stretched across the desert into the d istance这条路穿过沙漠伸向远方 The ocean stretched as far as they could see on all sides 海洋十分辽阔,他们极目远眺,一望无际 15. settlement n. 1. [U] the movement of a new population into a place to live there 殖民,移民,拓居 The gradual settlement of the American west led to development of its economy 逐渐向西部开拓的殖民过程带来了经济的发展 The settlement of Africa by white people started 500 years ago 由白人进行的向非洲移民开始于500年前 2.[C, U] an agreement, usu. official, that ends an argument; the act of reaching agreement解决,协议 The strikers reached a settlement with the employers罢工的人已同雇主达成协议 16. frontier n. 1. C] the border between two countries, or(esp. in the past in the us)the border between cultivated land where people live and wild land边境边界,边远地区 (Brt) frontier--US) border两国边界 2.[C](usu.pl) the border between what is known and what is not known前沿新领域 --The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on 医学知识的新领域正随着时间向前推进 17. herd n[C] a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together兽群,牧群 a herd of elephants一群大象(cf. a flock of birds,shep/ a school of fish,etc) t. move or drive forward as a herd in a certain direction使集中在一起,赶在一起 The prisoners were herded onto the train.一群犯人被驱赶着押送上了火车 The farmer herded the cows into his cowshed农民把牛群赶到自己的牛棚里 18. inspect vt. 1. look at sth closely or in great detail F.. The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously 海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照 He inspected the car before he bought it他买这辆车之前仔细检查了一下
grave! 你别穿戴成这样出去, 那会让你祖母躺在坟墓里也不得安宁. 13. alongside prep. Beside; together with 在……旁边;和……一起 ---The car drew up alongside the kerb. 小汽车在路边停下来 ---The dog sat alongside its master. 狗坐在主人旁边 ad. along the side 在旁边, 并排地 ---He returned, finding a boat mooring alongside. 回来时,他发现有条小船停靠在一旁 14. stretch vt. 1. make sth. longer, wider or tighter by pulling 拉长,拉紧,伸展 ---The hat is small for John, so he stretched it to fit his head. 这顶帽子对于约翰来说小了, 于是他把帽子撑一撑以便戴着合适. ---In some tropical regions small boats used to be made of skins stretched over a wooden frame.过去有些热带地区小船是用兽皮绷在一个木头框子上造成的。 2. cause to go as far as possible or beyond the usual limit 使尽全力, 到(超过)……的极限 ---You can’t stretch the rules to suit yourself. 你不能为你自己而牵强附会解释这些规章 ---He stretched the truth by saying he achieved great success in the U.S. 他说自己在美国很成功的说法其实是言过其实了. 3. extend and thrust out 伸展，伸长（身体或四肢） ---He stretched his legs in front of him.他往前伸腿。 ---I stretched out my hand towards the book. 我把手伸向这本书。 vi. ( a piece of land or water, etc.) spread over a large area or distance 扩展,延伸,延续 ---The road stretched across the desert into the distance.这条路穿过沙漠伸向远方 ---The ocean stretched as far as they could see on all sides. 海洋十分辽阔, 他们极目远眺, 一望无际 15. settlement n. 1. [U] the movement of a new population into a place to live there 殖民, 移民, 拓居 ---The gradual settlement of the American west led to development of its economy. 逐渐向西部开拓的殖民过程带来了经济的发展 ---The settlement of Africa by white people started 500 years ago. 由白人进行的向非洲移民开始于 500 年前 2.[C,U] an agreement, usu. official, that ends an argument; the act of reaching agreement 解决, 协议 ---The strikers reached a settlement with the employers.罢工的人已同雇主达成协议 16. frontier n. 1. [C] the border between two countries, or (esp. in the past in the US) the border between cultivated land where people live and wild land 边境,边界, 边远地区 (Brit.) frontier -------(US) border 两国边界 2. [C] (usu. pl.) the border between what is known and what is not known 前沿,新领域 ---The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on. 医学知识的新领域正随着时间向前推进。 17. herd n.[C] a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together 兽群,牧群 ---a herd of elephants 一群大象 (c.f. a flock of birds, sheep/ a school of fish, etc) vt. move or drive forward as a herd in a certain direction 使集中在一起, 赶在一起 ---The prisoners were herded onto the train. 一群犯人被驱赶着押送上了火车 ---The farmer herded the cows into his cowshed.农民把牛群赶到自己的牛棚里 18. inspect vt. 1. look at sth. closely or in great detail 检查 ---The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously. 海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照 ---He inspected the car before he bought it.他买这辆车之前仔细检查了一下
2. make an official visit to make sure that rules are being obeyed, work is being done properly,etc.视察 The government sent sb. to inspect our school政府派人来视察我们学校 19. contract n. [C] a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups合同,契约 You shouldnt sign a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully. 你应该先仔细研究合同的条款,然后在签订 We have a contract with the government for the supply of vehicles 我们在提供车辆方面与政府订有合约 We havent the resources to do the work ourselves, so we'll put it out to contract 我们自己无法做这项工作,所以要承包出去 V.1. make a written legal agreement with sb. for a purpose订合同,订契约 Their firm have contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river 他们公司己签约承建一座横跨大江的两用大桥。 Having contracted with them to do the repairs, we cannot withdraw now 我们与他们订有维修合约,现在不能撤销 2.缩起来,变狭,收缩,缩写 -- Metal contracts as it cools金属遇冷收缩。 m' is usually contracted to'ilm' in oral speech-'Iam在口语中常常缩略为Ilm' 20. evolve v.( cause to) develop gradually(使)演变,演化,发展 He has evolved a new theory after many years of research 经过多年的研究,他总结出了新的理论 Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that Man had evolved from lower forms of ife.在维多利亚时代,许多人对于人是由低级生物进化而来的见解大为震惊 21. recruit vt persuade sb. to become a new member of an organization, esp. the army 招募,征兵;吸收(新成员) The club is recruiting new sports lovers.俱乐部在招收新的体育爱好者 n.[C] a new member of an organization,esp. the army新兵,新成员 .The company is seeking recruits among the young unemployed 该公司正在年轻失业者中间招收新成员 - Commander is drilling recruits on the parade ground.指挥官在练兵场上训练新兵 22. work on sth. have sth. as the subject of thought or effort从事于,致力于 He is working on a new nove.他正在写一部新小说 I want to work on perfecting my style before trying anything new 在尝试新的东西之前我想努力改进我的风格 ork out算出,解决,锻炼,结果 -I work out regularly to keep fit.我经常锻炼身体以保持健康 ---Can you work out what these squiggles mean? 你能辨认出这些潦草的字迹是什么意思吗? The general worked out a new plan of attack.将军制定出了新的进攻方案 work sb.over痛打 -He'd been worked over by the gang for giving information to the police 他向警方报信而遭那群歹徒毒打 23. go ahead continue, ad vance继续,进行 Despite the bad weather., the fete will go ahead.尽管天气不好,游乐会照常举行 May I start now?”"Yes, go ahead.”“我现在可以开始了吗?“可以,开始吧
2. make an official visit to make sure that rules are being obeyed, work is being done properly, etc. 视察 ---The government sent sb. to inspect our school. 政府派人来视察我们学校 19. contract n. [C] a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups 合同, 契约 ---You shouldn’t sign a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully. 你应该先仔细研究合同的条款, 然后在签订. ---We have a contract with the Government for the supply of vehicles. 我们在提供车辆方面与政府订有合约. ---We haven’t the resources to do the work ourselves, so we’ll put it out to contract. 我们自己无法做这项工作, 所以要承包出去. v. 1. make a written legal agreement with sb. for a purpose 订合同, 订契约 ---Their firm have contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river. 他们公司已签约承建一座横跨大江的两用大桥。 ---Having contracted with them to do the repairs, we cannot withdraw now. 我们与他们订有维修合约, 现在不能撤销 2. 缩起来, 变狭, 收缩, 缩写 ---Metal contracts as it cools.金属遇冷收缩。 ---'I am' is usually contracted to 'I'm' in oral speech. 'I am'在口语中常常缩略为'I'm'。 20. evolve v. (cause to ) develop gradually (使) 演变, 演化, 发展 ---He has evolved a new theory after many years of research. 经过多年的研究, 他总结出了新的理论. ---Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that Man had evolved from lower forms of life. 在维多利亚时代, 许多人对于人是由低级生物进化而来的见解大为震惊. 21. recruit vt. persuade sb. to become a new member of an organization, esp. the army 招募, 征兵; 吸收(新成员) ---The club is recruiting new sports lovers. 俱乐部在招收新的体育爱好者 n. [C] a new member of an organization, esp. the army 新兵, 新成员 ---The company is seeking recruits among the young unemployed. 该公司正在年轻失业者中间招收新成员. ---Commander is drilling recruits on the parade ground. 指挥官在练兵场上训练新兵 22. work on sth. have sth. as the subject of thought or effort 从事于, 致力于 ---He is working on a new novel. 他正在写一部新小说. ---I want to work on perfecting my style before trying anything new. 在尝试新的东西之前,我想努力改进我的风格 work out 算出, 解决, 锻炼, 结果 ---I work out regularly to keep fit. 我经常锻炼身体以保持健康 ---Can you work out what these squiggles mean? 你能辨认出这些潦草的字迹是什么意思吗? ---The general worked out a new plan of attack. 将军制定出了新的进攻方案 work sb. over 痛打 ---He’d been worked over by the gang for giving information to the police. 他向警方报信而遭那群歹徒毒打 23. go ahead continue, advance 继续, 进行 ---Despite the bad weather, the fete will go ahead. 尽管天气不好, 游乐会照常举行 ---“May I start now?” “Yes, go ahead.” “我现在可以开始了吗?” “可以,开始吧
The government intends to go ahead with its privatization plans.政府拟推行私有化计划 go against be opposed to or contrary to与.反,违背 He went against the advice of his colleagues and resigned 他不顾同事的劝告,辞职了 Paying for hospital treatment goes against her socialist principles 付给医院医疗费是有违她的社会主义原则的 go after追逐,追踪,设法得到,追求 - He is going after the burglars.他在追赶那些盜贼 He goes after every woman he meets.他对女士见一个追一个 -we' re going after the same job.我俩都在谋求这份工作 go in for参加;应试;酷爱:嗜好;从事 - His brother doesn't go in for sports.他弟弟没有参加运动的习惯。 Young people should never simply go in for material comforts 年青人永远也不应一味地追求物质享受。 24. for sale intended to be sold出售,待售 She has put her house up for sale.她的房子现在出售 m afraid the painting is not for sale.恐怕这幅画不卖 on sale出售,上市,廉价出售 got this dress on sale.我买了件廉价的裙子 25. come up with find or produce( an answer, a solution,etc)找到想到(答案、解决办法等) She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她想出了增加销售量的新主意 He couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time 那时他想不出一个合适的答案。 come across偶遇:碰到(= come upon,发生效果:受欢迎 . We've just come across an old friend we haven t seen for ages 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。 Your speech came across very well你的演说极受欢迎。 come to涉及;谈及;获致;到达;共计;苏醒 When it comes to politics I know nothing谈到政治,我一无所知。 They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake 他们得到的结论是他们犯了一个不可饶恕的错误。 The bill came to$5.50.账款共计5美元50美分。 When he came to, he found himself in hospital.醒来时,他发现自己在医院里 26. name after give(sb/sth.) the name of sb. as an honor以某人姓名命名 The child was named after its father.那孩子是按父亲的名字命名的 Tasmania was named after it d iscoverer. A.J. Tasman 塔斯曼尼亚岛是以发现者塔斯曼的名字命名的 in the name of以…的名义;为了…的缘故;凭…的权威 He attended the party in the name of his father他以他父亲的名义参加聚会 arrest you in the name of the law.我以法律的名义逮捕你 27.save… from. prevent sb/sth. from having or doing sth bad拯救,使免于 Jesus christ came into the world to save us from our sins.基督降世拯救我们摆脱罪恶 Can the school be saved from closure?能保全学校不致关闭吗 save prep/ con] except除了 We know nothing about her save that her surname is jones
---The government intends to go ahead with its privatization plans.政府拟推行私有化计划 go against be opposed to or contrary to 与……相反, 违背 ---He went against the advice of his colleagues and resigned. 他不顾同事的劝告, 辞职了. ---Paying for hospital treatment goes against her socialist principles. 付给医院医疗费是有违她的社会主义原则的 go after 追逐, 追踪, 设法得到, 追求 ---He is going after the burglars. 他在追赶那些盗贼 ---He goes after every woman he meets. 他对女士见一个追一个 ---We’re going after the same job. 我俩都在谋求这份工作. go in for 参加；应试; 酷爱；嗜好; 从事 ---His brother doesn't go in for sports. 他弟弟没有参加运动的习惯。 ---Young people should never simply go in for material comforts. 年青人永远也不应一味地追求物质享受。 24. for sale intended to be sold 出售, 待售 ---She has put her house up for sale.她的房子现在出售 ---I’m afraid the painting is not for sale. 恐怕这幅画不卖 on sale 出售, 上市, 廉价出售 ---I got this dress on sale. 我买了件廉价的裙子. 25. come up with find or produce (an answer, a solution, etc.) 找到,想到(答案、解决办法等) ---She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的新主意 ---He couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. 那时他想不出一个合适的答案。 come across 偶遇；碰到 (= come upon); 发生效果；受欢迎 ---We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages. 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。 ---Your speech came across very well.你的演说极受欢迎。 come to 涉及；谈及; 获致；到达；共计; 苏醒 ---When it comes to politics I know nothing.谈到政治，我一无所知。 ---They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake. 他们得到的结论是他们犯了一个不可饶恕的错误。 ---The bill came to $5.50.账款共计 5 美元 50 美分。 ---When he came to, he found himself in hospital. 醒来时, 他发现自己在医院里 26. name after give(sb./sth.) the name of sb. as an honor 以某人姓名命名 ---The child was named after its father. 那孩子是按父亲的名字命名的 ---Tasmania was named after it discoverer, A.J.Tasman. 塔斯曼尼亚岛是以发现者塔斯曼的名字命名的 in the name of 以…的名义；为了…的缘故；凭…的权威 ---He attended the party in the name of his father. 他以他父亲的名义参加聚会。 ---I arrest you in the name of the law. 我以法律的名义逮捕你 27. save …from… prevent sb./sth. from having or doing sth. bad 拯救, 使免于 ---Jesus Christ came into the world to save us from our sins.基督降世拯救我们摆脱罪恶 ---Can the school be saved from closure? 能保全学校不致关闭吗? save prep./ conj except 除了 ---We know nothing about her save that her surname is Jones
我们除了知道她姓琼斯外,对她全然不知 All is lost save honor.除荣誉外一切都丧失了。 28. run away from suddenly leave or escape from sb. or a place突然离开,逃离 Her suicide bid was an attempt to run away from reality.她想自杀就是要逃避现实 run away with偷走,轻松赢得 a cashier ran away with the days taking出纳员卷走了当天的进款 campion ran away with the match这个冠军得来不费吹灰之力 in the long run最后,从长远来看 - It'll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.使用真正的皮革终究是比较便宜的。 o Ex. Choose the best answer 1. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to the courtyard A. collect 2. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly critic ized and argue that the power of he med ium is A granted B implied C. exaggerated D. claimed 3. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to dreams were likely to be highly respected A. Interpret B. intervene C. interview D. impart 4. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, themselves A expandin B lasting C. extend ing D. stretching 5. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to the investment plan within a week A. work out B. work over C. work out D. set out 6. David likes country life and has decided to farming A get along with B go against go In for D go ahead 7. Very few scientists completely new answer to the worlds problems A. come up t B C. come across D. come to The bridge was named the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people A. with B. by om D. after 9. I got this walkman it was very cheap A on purpose B. on sale C. on average D on guard 10. His mistress all his savings, but she was caught years later. A ran away from B ran away C. in the long run D. ran away with ● Language points He needed someone whose face represented suffering yet strength, someone more severe than beautiful. (Para. 3) Meaning: He needed someone whose face showed that she had suffered a lot but rema ined strong, someone who looked more plain than attractive 2. Before all the different types of Barbie dolls for sale now, there was just a single barbie This sentence implies that the existence of Barbie, who was a real person, came before all kinds of barbie dolls on the market 3... a joke gift for adults described as having the appearance of " a woman who sold sex Meaning:.. a gift for adults which is intended as a joke and which is described as having the appearance of" a woman who sold sex 4. Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American-although with an exaggerated breast size-version and named it after Barbara, who was then a teenager. Para 7) Meaning: Mattel Toy Company changed the doll into a model that was respectable, purely
我们除了知道她姓琼斯外, 对她全然不知 --- All is lost save honor. 除荣誉外一切都丧失了。 28. run away from suddenly leave or escape from sb. or a place 突然离开, 逃离 ---Her suicide bid was an attempt to run away from reality. 她想自杀就是要逃避现实 run away with 偷走, 轻松赢得 ---A cashier ran away with the day’s taking. 出纳员卷走了当天的进款 ---The champion ran away with the match. 这个冠军得来不费吹灰之力 in the long run 最后, 从长远来看 ---It'll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather. 使用真正的皮革终究是比较便宜的。 ⚫ Ex. Choose the best answer 1. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to ______ in the courtyard. A. collect B. assemble C. crowd D. accumulate 2. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ______. A. granted B. implied C. exaggerated D. claimed 3. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to ____ dreams were likely to be highly respected. A. interpret B. intervene C. interview D. impart 4. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ____themselves. A. expanding B. lasting C. extending D. stretching 5. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to ____the investment plan within a week. A. work out B. work over C. work out D. set out 6. David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming. A. get along with B. go against C. go in for D. go ahead 7. Very few scientists ___ completely new answer to the world’s problems. A. come up to B. come up with C. come across D. come to 8. The bridge was named _____ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A. with B. by C. from D. after 9. I got this walkman ____; it was very cheap. A. on purpose B. on sale C. on average D. on guard 10. His mistress _______ all his savings, but she was caught years later. A. ran away from B. ran away C. in the long run D. ran away with ⚫ Language Points 1. He needed someone whose face represented suffering yet strength, someone more severe than beautiful. (Para.3) Meaning: He needed someone whose face showed that she had suffered a lot but remained strong, someone who looked more plain than attractive. 2. Before all the different types of Barbie dolls for sale now, there was just a single Barbie. (Para. 6) This sentence implies that the existence of Barbie, who was a real person, came before all kinds of Barbie dolls on the market. 3. …a joke gift for adults described as having the appearance of “a woman who sold sex”. (Para.7) Meaning: …a gift for adults which is intended as a joke and which is described as having the appearance of “ a woman who sold sex”. 4. Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American—although with an exaggerated breast size—version and named it after Barbara, who was then a teenager. ( Para.7) Meaning: Mattel Toy Company changed the doll into a model that was respectable, purely
American, yet with big breasts, and named the new-born doll after Barbara, who was just a teenager at that time decent all-American"mod ifies the word"version 5. Now more than sixty years old, Barbara-who declines interv iews but is said to have loved the doll- may be the most famous unknown figure on the planet.(Para. 9) Meaning: Barbara, who is now more than sixty years old and who refuses interviews but is said to have loved the doll, is probably the most famous person in the world with her real name being unknown 6. The real Ken, who died in 1994, was disgusted by the doll that made his family famous (Para. 10) Meaning: The real Ken, who died in 1994, disliked the doll that made his family famous 7. Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic,an often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers.(Para. 12) Meaning: Grant Wood became famous immed iately when he finished his painting American Gothic in 1930. The painting, which is often copied in other forms of art such as poster, cards and souvenirs, reflects his understanding of the sincere pride of American farmers 8.... but the faces in his composition were what captured the worlds attention. Para 12) but the faces in his painting were the most attractive 9. He stretched the models necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait (Para. 13) Meaning: He made the models' necks a bit longer in the painting, but doubtlessly people would know who was sitting for the painting no doubt: very probably No doubt he will help us if we ask him.如果我们请他帮忙他准会帮助我们 No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way 很可能他原意是要帮忙但事实上他净碍事 10. Nan later remarked that the fame she gained from American Gothic saved her from a ver boring life.(Para. 14) Meaning: Nan said later that the painting American Gothic helped her come to fame and prevented her from living a dull life 11. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected traged from the settlement of the american frontier-the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians. ( Para. 16) Meaning: But the Buffalo nickel, which was produced from 1913 to 1938, honored two tragediesthe killing of the buffalo herds and the destruction of the American Ind ians- which were closely connected and took place as the result of the settlement of the American frontier 12. While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artists James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation.(Para. 17) Meaning: In the previous years coin makers had used white people as models for most American coins. In contrast. James earle Fraser. who was a famous artist broke this trad ition and used three actual American Indians as models for his creation. One was Two Moons of the Cheyenne, the second was Iron Tail of the Sioux, and the third's identity was uncertain but may have been big Tree of the Kiowa.) 13. Barrels of meat supplied to the army were stamped"EA-US', identifying the company(EA) and the country of origin. (Para. 21) Meaning: The letters of"EA-US "were stamped on all barrels of meat that were supplied to the US army, with EA stand ing for the company that supplied the meat and US stand ing for
American, yet with big breasts, and named the new-born doll after Barbara, who was just a teenager at that time. “decent, all-American” modifies the word “version” 5. Now more than sixty years old, Barbara—who declines interviews but is said to have loved the doll—may be the most famous unknown figure on the planet. (Para.9) Meaning: Barbara, who is now more than sixty years old and who refuses interviews but is said to have loved the doll, is probably the most famous person in the world with her real name being unknown. 6. The real Ken, who died in 1994, was disgusted by the doll that made his family famous. (Para.10) Meaning: The real Ken, who died in 1994, disliked the doll that made his family famous. 7. Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. (Para.12) Meaning: Grant Wood became famous immediately when he finished his painting American Gothic in 1930. The painting, which is often copied in other forms of art such as poster, cards, and souvenirs, reflects his understanding of the sincere pride of American farmers. 8. …but the faces in his composition were what captured the world’s attention. (Para.12) Meaning: …but the faces in his painting were the most attractive. 9. He stretched the model’s necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait. (Para.13) Meaning: He made the models’ necks a bit longer in the painting, but doubtlessly people would know who was sitting for the painting. no doubt: very probably ---No doubt he will help us if we ask him. 如果我们请他帮忙,他准会帮助我们 ---No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 很可能他原意是要帮忙,但事实上他净碍事 10. Nan later remarked that the fame she gained from American Gothic saved her from a very boring life. (Para.14) Meaning: Nan said later that the painting American Gothic helped her come to fame and prevented her from living a dull life. 11. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier—the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians. (Para.16) Meaning: But the Buffalo nickel, which was produced from 1913 to 1938, honored two tragedies—the killing of the buffalo herds and the destruction of the American Indians— which were closely connected and took place as the result of the settlement of the American frontier. 12. While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artists James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation. (Para.17) Meaning: In the previous years coin makers had used white people as models for most American coins. In contrast, James Earle Fraser, who was a famous artist, broke this tradition and used three actual American Indians as models for his creation.( One was Two Moons of the Cheyenne, the second was Iron Tail of the Sioux, and the third’s identity was uncertain but may have been Big Tree of the Kiowa.) 13. Barrels of meat supplied to the army were stamped “EA-US”, identifying the company(EA) and the country of origin. (Para.21) Meaning: The letters of “EA-US” were stamped on all barrels of meat that were supplied to the US army, with EA standing for the company that supplied the meat and US standing for
the country where the meat was made ● Grammar Enrichment 分词的独立结构 1)分词作状语时,要特别注意逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致,否则,分词必须有自 己的主语,以免逻辑混乱.这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构.如 - The rain having stopped, the soldiers continued their march (The rain had stopped. The soldiers continued their march. stop的逻辑主语为rain,不可省略,意指雨停后,士兵们继续前行;否则当改为 Having stopped, the sold iers continued their march时,则指士兵们停下之后,又继续前 行,意义改变 .The boys returned, their face covered with sweat. (The boys returned. Their face was covered with sweat) 译:男孩们回来了,满头大汗的 省略 their face,则为 The boys retuned, covered with sweat.男孩们回来了,全身是汗 2)分词作状语时,一般来说,现在分词表示的意义是主动的,进行的;过去分词表示 的意义是被动的,完成的 He runs on the playground, the ground covered with snow.(省略原句的be动词) Ra]: He runs on the playground. The ground is covered with snow. Marie did homework. her hands clicking out the answers RRa: Marie did homework. Her hands clicked out the answers. ●Ex 1. The robber was brought to the judge A. his hands were tied B. his hands to be tied D his hands tying they went swimming A. Being a hot day B. It was a hot day C. It was hot D. It being hot 3. All flights because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D having been canceled by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender surrounde B. Surrounded C Having surrounded D. Surround ing 5. Having finished his term paper before the deadline, to the professor before the class A. he delivered it B. it was delivered C. it delivered D. he had delivered it 6. His son sick. Mr Smith had to ask for leave him a being .to look after B. was... looking after C. has been. to look aft D. was to look afte 7. So many directos b been absent the board meeting had to be put off 00-12] A. were absent being absent D. had been absent 8. It now pretty late, we took our candles and retired to our room B. bel D. turned 9 the weather forecast out of the harbor A. Having heard.. the boat did not sail B. Hearing the boat did not sail C. Heard. they did not sail the boat
the country where the meat was made. ⚫ Grammar Enrichment 分词的独立结构 1) 分词作状语时,要特别注意逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致,否则, 分词必须有自 己的主语, 以免逻辑混乱. 这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构. 如: ---The rain having stopped, the soldiers continued their march. (The rain had stopped. The soldiers continued their march.) stop 的逻辑主语为 rain, 不可省略,意指雨停后, 士兵们继续前行; 否则当改为 Having stopped, the soldiers continued their march 时, 则指士兵们停下之后,又继续前 行, 意义改变 ---The boys returned, their face covered with sweat. (The boys returned. Their face was covered with sweat) 译: 男孩们回来了, 满头大汗的. 省略 their face, 则为 The boys retuned, covered with sweat. 男孩们回来了, 全身是汗 2) 分词作状语时, 一般来说, 现在分词表示的意义是主动的, 进行的; 过去分词表示 的意义是被动的, 完成的 ---He runs on the playground, the ground covered with snow. (省略原句的 be 动词) (原句: He runs on the playground. The ground is covered with snow. ) ---Marie did homework, her hands clicking out the answers. (原句: Marie did homework. Her hands clicked out the answers.) ⚫ Ex. 1. The robber was brought to the judge, _________. A. his hands were tied B. his hands to be tied C. his hands tied D. his hands tying. 2. _______, they went swimming. A. Being a hot day B. It was a hot day C. It was hot D. It being hot 3. All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. [99-1] A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled 4. _______ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender. A. To be surrounded B. Surrounded C. Having surrounded D. Surrounding 5. Having finished his term paper before the deadline, ___to the professor before the class. A. he delivered it B. it was delivered C. it delivered D. he had delivered it 6. His son ______ sick, Mr. Smith had to ask for leave _______ him. A. being…to look after B. was…looking after C. has been… to look after D. was…to look after 7. So many directors ______, the board meeting had to be put off. [00-12] A. were absent B. been absent C. being absent D. had been absent 8. It___ now pretty late, we took our candles and retired to our room. A. is B. being C. was D. turned 9. ______ the weather forecast, _________out of the harbor. A. Having heard… the boat did not sail B. Hearing … the boat did not sail C. Heard… they did not sail the boat