·90· 智能系统学报 第2卷 3)比较Alpha-Beta搜索和pn搜索所访问的博 [11JUNGHANNS A.Are there practical alternatives to al- 弈树.研究将Alpha-Beta搜索和pn搜索结合以得 phar beta[J ]ICCA Journal,1998,21(1):14-32. 到更好的搜索效果的可能性 [12]ALLIS L V,MEUL EN M,HERIK H J.Proof-num- 4)使用本搜索框架去解决其他计算机围棋中的 ber search[J ]Artificial Intelligence,1994,66(1):91 124. 战术问题 [13]SEO M,IIDA H,UITERWU KJ W.The PN *-search 参考文献： algorithm:application to Tsume-Shogi[J ]Artificial In- telligence,2001,129(1-2):253.277. [1]KISHIMOTO A.Correct and efficient search algorithms [14]NA GAI A.Df-pn algorithm for searching and/or trees in the presence of repetitions[D].Edmonton:University and its applications [D].Tokyo:University of Tokyo, of Alberta,2005. 2002. [2]WOLF T.Forward pruning and other heuristic search [15]KNUTH D,MOORE R.Analysis of alpha-beta prun techniques in tsume go [J ]Information Sciences,2000, ing[J ]Artificial Intelligence,1975,6(4):293-326. 122(1):59.76. [16]ZOBRIST A L.A new hashing method with application [3]CHEN K,ZHAN G P.A heuristic search algorithm for for game playing [R].Techn.Rep.88,Madison: capturing problems in go [J ]ICGA Journal,2006,29 Univ.of Wisconsin,1970. (4):183.190. [17]CAMPBELL M,MARSLAND T.A comparison of [4]CHEN K.Soft and hard connectivity in go[A].Proceed- minimax tree-search algorithms [J].Artificial Intelli- ings of the 8thInternational Conference on Computer Sci- gence,1983,20(4):347.367 ence and Informatics[C].Salt Lake City,USA,2005. 作者简介： [5]BOUZY B,CAZENAVE T.Computer go:an Al orien ted survey [J].Artificial Intelligence,2001,132(1):39- 张培刚，男，1973年生，博士研究 103 生，主要研究方向为计算机围棋、人工 [6]MULL ER M.Computer go [J].Artificial Intelligence, 智能、启发式搜索和机器学习等。 2002,134(1-2):145-179. Email :pzhangl @uncc.edu [7]CHEN K.Computer go:knowledge,search,and move decision[J ]ICGA Journal 2001,24(4):203-215. [8 ]CAZENAVE T.Abstract proof search,computers and 陈克训，男，1945年生，教授，博士.主 games 2000[A].LNCS 2063[C].Hamamatsu,Japan, 要研究方向为启发式搜索、人工智能和计 2000. 算理论等.所研发的电脑围棋程序“棋慧” [9]THOMSEN T.Lambdar Search in game trees with appli- 曾两获电脑围棋世界冠军和七次夺得计 cation to go [J ]ICGA Journal,2000,23(4):203-217. 算机奥林匹亚竞赛金牌，发表论文40余 [10]CAMPBELL M,HOANE AJ,HSU F.Deep blue[J ] Artificial Intelligence,2002,134(1-2):57-83. Email :chen @uncc.edu. 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net3) 比较 Alp ha2Beta 搜索和 p n 搜索所访问的博 弈树. 研究将 Alp ha2Beta 搜索和 p n 搜索结合以得 到更好的搜索效果的可能性. 4) 使用本搜索框架去解决其他计算机围棋中的 战术问题. 参考文献 : [1 ] KISHIMO TO A. Correct and efficient search algorithms in the presence of repetitions[D ]. Edmonton : University of Alberta , 2005. [2 ] WOL F T. Forward pruning and other heuristic search techniques in tsume go [J ]. Information Sciences , 2000 , 122 (1) :59 - 76. [3 ]CHEN K , ZHAN G P. A heuristic search algorithm for capturing problems in go [J ]. ICGA Journal , 2006 , 29 (4) : 183 - 190. [4 ]CHEN K. Soft and hard connectivity in go[ A ]. Proceed2 ings of the 8 th International Conference on Computer Sci2 ence and Informatics[C]. Salt Lake City ,USA ,2005. [5 ]BOUZY B , CAZENAV E T. Computer go : an AI orien2 ted survey[J ]. Artificial Intelligence , 2001 ,132 (1) :39 - 103. [6 ] MULL ER M. Computer go [J ]. Artificial Intelligence , 2002 , 134 (1 - 2) :145 - 179. [7 ]CHEN K. Computer go : knowledge , search , and move decision[J ]. ICGA Journal , 2001 ,24 (4) :203 - 215. [8 ]CAZENAV E T. Abstract proof search , computers and games 2000 [ A ]. LNCS 2063 [ C]. Hamamatsu , J apan , 2000. [ 9 ] THOMSEN T. Lambda2Search in game trees2with appli2 cation to go[J ]. ICGA Journal , 2000 ,23 (4) :203 - 217 . [10 ]CAMPBELL M , HOAN E A J , HSU F. Deep blue[J ]. Artificial Intelligence , 2002 , 134 (1 - 2) : 57 - 83. [ 11 ]J UN GHANNS A. Are there practical alternatives to al2 pha2beta[J ] . ICCA Journal ,1998 ,21 (1) :14 - 32. [12 ]ALL IS L V , MEUL EN M , HERIK H J. Proof2num2 ber search [J ]. Artificial Intelligence ,1994 ,66 (1) : 91 - 124. [ 13 ]SEO M , IIDA H , U ITERWIJ KJ W. The PN 3 2search algorithm : application to Tsume2Shogi[J ]. Artificial In2 telligence , 2001 , 129 (1 - 2) :253 - 277. [14 ]NA GAI A. Df2pn algorithm for searching and/ or trees and its applications [ D ]. Tokyo : University of Tokyo , 2002. [15 ] KNU TH D , MOORE R. Analysis of alpha2beta prun2 ing[J ]. Artificial Intelligence ,1975 ,6 (4) :293 - 326. [16 ]ZOBRIST A L. A new hashing method with application for game playing [ R ]. Techn. Rep . # 88 , Madison : Univ. of Wisconsin ,1970. [ 17 ] CAMPBELL M , MARSLAND T. A comparison of minimax tree2search algorithms [ J ]. Artificial Intelli2 gence , 1983 ,20 (4) : 347 - 367. 作者简介 : 张培刚 ,男 , 1973 年生 ,博士研究 生 ,主要研究方向为计算机围棋、人工 智能、启发式搜索和机器学习等. E2mail :pzhang1 @uncc. edu. 陈克训 ,男 ,1945 年生 ,教授 ,博士. 主 要研究方向为启发式搜索、人工智能和计 算理论等. 所研发的电脑围棋程序“棋慧” 曾两获电脑围棋世界冠军和七次夺得计 算机奥林匹亚竞赛金牌. 发表论文 40 余 篇. E2mail :chen @uncc. edu. ·90 · 智 能 系 统 学 报 第 2 卷