Associated Pd genes Alpha-synuclein(SNCA)-located on chromosome 4 is a specific gene that causes PD. Normally, the chromosome carries only a single copy of the alpha-synuclein gene lowa kindred'or Spellman-Muenter kindred, carried 3 copies of the gene Other mutated genes known to cause PD: parkin, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, PTEN-induced putative kinase LRRK2-encodes for the protein, Dardarin -is only associated with PD. Mutations in the lrrK2 gene that lead to pd are most common in people of North African, Basque, Portuguese Some with LRRK2 mutations develop PD in their 30s-4oS, while others develop the disease in their 8os, and others never develop PD at all. People with LRRK2 gene mutations develop dementia, while others develop a form of Parkinsons that shares features with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)Associated PD Genes • Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) – located on chromosome 4 is a specific gene that causes PD. Normally, the chromosome carries only a single copy of the alpha-synuclein gene – ‘Iowa kindred’ or ‘Spellman-Muenter kindred,’ carried 3 copies of the gene. • Other mutated genes known to cause PD: parkin, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 • LRRK2 — encodes for the protein, Dardarin — is only associated with PD. Mutations in the LRRK2 gene that lead to PD are most common in people of North African, Basque, Portuguese – Some with LRRK2 mutations develop PD in their 30s-40s, while others develop the disease in their 80s, and others never develop PD at all. People with LRRK2 gene mutations develop dementia, while others develop a form of Parkinson’s that shares features with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)